6 A
Need for Seed Acreage Shift Noted
Or Financial
Corvallis Major adjust
ment are needed in acreage
Oregon farmers are planting
to some kinds of seed crops
If financial losses are to be
avoided, Ray H. Teal, Oregon
State university extension
seed marketing specialist,
points out in the new Oregon
Farm and Market Outlook cir
cular Farm &
K.t. immwmi.myrmH A MM i ii
v ' t
t ! . '-? "1
L -trV ft- I ll .! Utrlt ll
ENGINE INSPECTED An engineer inspects a new rocket
engine which was developed by Honeywell s Aeronautical
Division at Minneapolis, Minn. Purported to operate on a
"new principle", fuel for the 50-pound thrust engine enters
the combustion chamber from one side and oxidizer from
the other, with a "detonation combustion" occuring when
they meet, in lS0(),0U0,OUOlh of a second. Honeywell en
gineers stale the new engine will provide an astronaut with
"four times as precise" conlrol as conventional reaction
rocket engines. (UP1).
BABDENsfiG TSPS
APPLES AND PEARS
Homeowners who arc hav
ing a first experience grow
ing apples or pears frequent
ly ask the question of when
to pick the fruit. There arc
several indicators Hint can be
used to determine Ihc proper apples arc prone to fruit fall
lime to pick apples and pears, before they atlain best qn.il
li s best if you use a combi- ily. Applying a slop-drop hor-
nalion of these Indicators
rather than just one. I
One of the best indicators
for apples is to observe the
natural fruit fall of the tree.
When Ihc first unblemished,
worm-free and disease-free
fruit fulls, the apples are
Self Help Unit
Set by Growers
01 Orchard Grass
Salcm Members of Ore
gon's ninth commodity com
mission will soon be appoint
ed by Oovernor Hatfield as
result of a favorable vote by
growers to create an Oregon
Orchardgrass Seed Producers
commission.
By a close vote of 45 lo 22 ,
- in light of tile requirement j
ioi a iwu-iinrus miijiii u.v ' !
in liiiii tifti "f. ?mi ki""11s
f;ivor-d this self-help ap
proach In a mail referendum
condllMed between 'Xllg "0 '
and Sept. 1 by the ilnlo' cTe-1
purtmcnt of agriculture.
Fulfilling a dual require
ment for crealion. the
j ' mIo1.1,'!?
(t ,l!l!l. .1.11
growers repre.scnlt'
pounds of the ltllil produc
tion of 5119. 11114 pound.' of this
fornge .seed; this is 7K per
ccnl compared with the re
quired one-third of total pro
duction last year.
Although slightly more
than two-lhirds of the voters
favored Ihc commission, the
greater number of afiirnui
tivc votes actually represent
ed less pounds of seed than
Die negative vote: 123.37A vs.
21)3.8.55 pounds of production.
Production Increaiei
Spurred by the develop
ment of new strains, pruritic
11.... .,.h.,l... I
.,., ... -
with the forecast for IRH3
MT.Tlrn'erM hW-in. !
riir.t... thai seed tfrnwrn .
- -
recognize that orchardgrass .
could be one of the crops to
t-f,-il .if'A llin Ifiai-itnl utlrl rlrti.
""-
grass now in ovcrsupply
The new commission will
include seven members. Onc
will be a handler from either
Marion or Linn counlv; the
olhcr six will be named on
this basis: one each from
Linn. Benton. Polk, counties;
two from Marion county; one
at large. Oilier producing
counties are Lane. Washing
ton. Yamhill, Jefferson,
Klamath, Union, Clackamas
and Josephine counties.
TUESDAY. OCTOBDB 2. 1962
Loss May Result
Teal points to the ryegrasses
as an example where acreage
must be reduced to avoid loss.
Although no harvest time es
timate is available, Oregon
growers reported last spring
they intended to increase acre
age by eight per cent over
1961.
Although U. S. ryegrass
seed carryover on July 1 was
Garden
ready to pick, especially if
they arc to be placed in cold
storage. However, delaying
harvest for a week or two will
result in better size and hel
ler quality apples for iminccli
ale eating. Some varieties of
mono as soon as the apples
begin to drop will hold Ihem !
on for two more weeks. ,
The ease of separating the
the fruit stem from the spur
is unolher indicator, when
you pick nn apple, hold It
gently, lift II slightly and
give It a little Iwist. The stem
should remain attached to the
fruit and the spur to the tree.
If t he slcm pulls out of the
apple or the spur breaks, Ihc
fruit is probably too green.
This also applies to pears.
Frull Color
Fruil color, both outside
and iin.ier the skin, is a good
indicator. With Oartlelt and
other yellow pear varieties, a
slight change in the color to
a lighter shade of green or
yellowish green Indicates
proper maturity for picking.
Willi apples, (he ground
color on the underside of the I
apple where there is no red. !
is a good indicator. Normiilly j
mi- i.mo , c,c , urn. no en
n ,"ii.-,
npph1 is ripe.
If you plan In store the bridge. II Is the shortest in dls
fruit, pick Ihem as soon as lance and a great deal less cx-
aim place in ,1 nrgrrr '
"" - t. or stark o u 1 s i d e
Kllll.tl I I llllllll Willi III 11 :
building. Apples are picked 1 public hearing to be held in
fatim rine whrri'.-is; ni.jirs Hri'.thc Klks Hall. Yrck;i. Sent. "Ii-
Picked before ripening and1:. Senator Collier; 3. slate
,,,., , J .ii l,;l,.u ..i.,,,!,,!,,., A
i,iv ,, ,t)i,,,iii 1,11 nil- II-. I
To eomplele the ripening of 1
pears after picking and cold
storage, hold at li.i degree V.
In a room with high luimldilv. !
For additional information.
call Ihc extension office (773
H"15) and request the bulletin
on fruit arieties. This boh
lelin liiis the approximate date
'jot ripening of many of our
Ii iiiI varitics. I Ins will serve
as an excellent guide.
WINTER SQUASH
AND PUMPKINS
Only well matured, hard
shelled varieties of squash anil
munoKins snot in ne s oretl ll
J. , - .
oannien careniiiy mcy enn ne
Chrislmas
ni M III lll'l'll 11M1II I ll'l 11T1 II
P' T'r "' ""'"'h
.. .. " . ,""-
nRi. in- trim eiii-
ing in this rase refers to the
i,me Immedmlely atler bar-
.! ...I..... -i- . ,.-1.1
- ... ii iiiiMiii.isn are neio
al a high Icnipcrnllile (HO lo
85 degrees) and a Inuli humid
ity. This eiu-oui lines healing ol
all cms and bruises and re
duces the possibility ol infec
tion by decay oi uniiisiiis Af
ter curing, the temperature
should be dropped and held
at 50 lo HO degrees. Humidity ,
inrougnout lire storage period ; he (let Ifi A pot luck supper, rase problem upon request of my pants in my Sundav
should remain high in order j w ill preeeed the business srs- a private veterinarian in the .clothes'- for 60 feel to reach
to keep shrinkage at a mm-l slon. Invitations will be -x-iarea. it is important for hinv Kriw ai d. who w as nearly bur
iniuni. Steins should be com-; (ended to potential, former lo possess exception proles- j led in sand. I got bruises,-'
I'lclcly removed. ( and present members. amnal skill and competency. .Mrs Kresser said,
t
below last year, this decrease
will probably be more than
offset by the increase in pro-
auction this year, because
yields are reportedly high,
Teal continues. Prices show
little promise of being much
higher next year than this,
unless there are unusual de
velopments, he adds.
Growers should consider di
verting some ryegrass land
this fall to other seed crops,
such as the vetches, tail fescue
and orchardgrass, Teal be
lieves. Some acreage could be
devoted to hay or pasture and
some of the better soils might
be used for winter flax, he
adds.
Clovtr Price Higher
Crimson clover seed prices
should be higher next year
if seeding weather improves
in the south, Teal writes. The
Oregon crop is forecast at 10
per cent larger because of
acreage increases, but the
southern states expect 30 per
cent less.
Use was the lowest last sea
son in several years because
dry weather in the south pre
vented fall seeding. Unless
this is repeated this year, use
should increase, with present
low prices encouraging in
creased use, he noted.
Hairy and common vetch
are among the few seed crops
bringing good returns to grow
ers this year, the specialist
stated. Since supplies of hairy
vetch, including carryover and
new crop, are below last year's
use, prices may be expected
to be favorable again next
year, he adds.
Common vetch prices for
next year should be as high or
higher than this year, he con
tinues. Supplies, including car
ryover and the 1062 crop, are
much below last season's use.
Seed growers might well con
sider an Increase in vetch
acreage on rotation land that
has not produced vetch re
cently, he stated.
There seems to be no rea
son for Oregon seed growers
to increase acreage of Austri
an winter peas because yields
have not averaged high
enough to make them profita
ble at prospective prices, the
specialist said. Use of Aus
trian peas did increase greatly
last season, bill low prices
were probably the cause, he
noted.
Highway Routes
Given at Meeting
Montague- Mr. Herb Miles,
Mr. Fred Saunders and Mr.
Cicorgc Perry of the State De
partment of Highways, all of
Redding at the Shasta Valley
'farm Bureau meeting at me
Montague elubroom reccnt-
ly explained the proposed
routes ot the new freeway be
tween Grenada and Henley
Way.
It
is part of the Interstate j
Highway No. S which is to be
completed by 19H9. Mr. Miles,
wlio gave the talk, explained
and answered questions per
taining to the four tentative
routes to be considered. The
four plans with their relative
merits, costs, distance and
nature were ably presented
and freely discussed by every
one present.
The group, led by its chair
man, John McMurray, went on
record endorsing adoption of
the Blue Line Roule which
goes from Grenada to a half
milr uTsl fif Mimtumifv 11
,nrn C,SSPS Shasta Vallcv nnd
circles the west slope of Itlai k
mnunlain crossing the Klam-
,, rivt.r Hnd lho Sm)crn p.
c 1 1 1 c railroad oownst renin
from the existing counlv ro.i:l
pensive mmi nip miicr inrrc
routes, roples of this endorse-
III Ml Will l,C7 ai-lll I. Ill
-"i.,' ....,, ,, -t. .,iui
engineers.
Thanks were received from !
s,i",l('V Sears for (he scholar-1
""n Kucn n"" "-v ,h u'" i
lo further his education at the
Calilornia Institute of Tech-
nolony al San Luis Obispo In of experience and ability and
animal husbandry. w) )s a clinical pathologist
Members were reminded nf well trained in lahnralnry
the State Farm Bureau eon- work and with a practical
ventlon to be held in San background of field diagnosis
Diego. Nov. 10 lo 15. Blanks New diseases are cropping
and inlornuilion may be ob- up Mini confound even i.
lained from the County Farm i specialist and those working
Bureau Oltiee in the Warren's on disease problems daily, the j
building In Yreka. .association points mil. Baker
ine county mrm Bureau ,
-.i 1 - ...... -
""""I . " - I'll
,, p,-psilion No
4 which
, ,. d 1, I .m .. ,.t
........... .. .V . , "i"!1'" "
Pr'xHtcl'ivitv Inslcad of pnlen-
value r maiicial aid for a
sneees..
iiieeetiil
campaign
o
.
,.i,i
' Nominating nunmiltce a p.
. . '
mm, cri was Mr nnri Mr:
Grort
Williams. Nnman
Baguley, Pete Seala, and Nor
nuin Sears.
Membership drive commit-
tee are Norman Baguley. Bill : and rely upon tills step to
Rogers. Bertha Bradley. John determine whether a di.ignos
Mi Murray, and any volun- tie laboratory is feasible
leers
Next months mceiino will
MLDFOHD
FROM
TUC
inc.
nnniiNn
W Ba?
UP
By BART BARTLETT
The fact that autumn is
nere oy me caienoar aoes noi j
necessarily mcuri that an ab
rupt change will take place in
terms of weather.
It is true that the days are
noticeably shorter and that
cooler night and day tempera
tures can be expected. There
will be reports of light frosts
from the higher elevations of
this area.
These phenomena of nature
also indicate that time is run
ning out for certain truck
crops such as peppers, cucum
bers, corn and tomatoes. Wa
termelons of local origin
should be at their peak as
far' as quality and quantity
are concerned. Squashs and
pumpkins will continue in
good supply for several days.
The harvest of winter pears
is well under way and the
end of this week will see most
of the D'Anjous in the pack
ing houses. This will leave
lots of the Cornice and Bosc
varieties to be harvested. Per
haps some school age young
sters would like to pick pears
on week ends.
This column has In the
past adopted a wait and see
attitude towards the zoning
of certain rural areas of the
Rogue River valley. After at
tending several meetings that
concerned the zoning of an
area of lands southwest of
Phoenix, we have decided that
there is much in favor of zon
ing and very little of any sub
stance that can logically be
used in opposition to it.
Under the proposed ordi
nance zoning of the area
southwest of Phoenix provides
that the people in that area
can keep what they now have.
If what they now have or are
doing conflicts with the ordi
nance it will not be affected.
The area is largely one of a
rural residential farm area.
There are no junk yards, la
bor camps, subdivisions, saw
mills or oilier objectionable
types of occupancy represent
ed in the area.
Zoning of the area will
guarantee that objectionable
types of land use or indus
tries will not move into the
area. Subdivision will be con
trolled so that wells for do
mestic water supplies will not
become contaminated by tiic
over use of small land areas
for scplic tanks and sewerage
drain fields.
Unfortunately a mother hen
type can lead her chicks down
a path to the mouth of the
big bad wolf. This is happen
ing among the folk of the
southwest Phoenix district.
Without an ordinance and a
zoned area all (he bad things
mitlim.H uhium run nci-nr anrl
do SQ 1(,py ThjJ h onc ,ime
that government Is in posi
tion to offer a service that
citizens can ill afford to do
without.
When one is fishing, it's not
the large ones that escape, but
the tact mat tnc tisnerman is
escaping that is important.
Eastern Oregon
Cattlemen Want
Vet's Services
Salrm - Lns.srs to Ihc Ore-
g(m t.tp inmis,,y (,, pHlil
sites, disease and insects may
roach $-H million ntinu-tlly
and for this reason eastern
Oregon ranchers need the
state's on the ground help in
coping with the situation
To help local veterinarian
'handle serious outbreaks of
Llic..,,.,. tlw fln'tnm ('mIHp-
lnC, s association bus rcquca-
... .1.. 1
CO 111 Slllli. ItH(l llllllll I'l
agriculture to establish a vet-
rrinarinn in eastern Oregon
to work on disease problems.
The need, says OCA Exeru
live Secretary George W.
Johnson, is for a veterinarian
count v has suffered losses lw
calf scours ranging from 12 to
17 per cent In the lasl thrr?
.. . ....... , ,:. .1 , . , ,
years wnn mnivuiiiai iose,
calf crop' Tins is recited by
the association to point
"the
gravity of the situation."
Plug Eerlier
Buker county stock m e n
plugged earlier this year (or
diagnostic laboratory in
eastern Oregon but cattlemen
have decided to seek fu st I tie
proposed field veterinarian
Since tins vi tennarian wi'l
usually work on I. .ml rti.
MAIL TRIBUNC. MtUKOHU.
Chit
. By JOE COWLCY
Mail Tribune Firm Editor
As you read this we will be returning from the regional
land and people conference in Portland. This conference cov
ering a scries of discussions and explanation of the new rural
area development program (RAD) may well be the most
important meeting of the year in this state.
This comparatively new program is aimed at developing
ALL of the human and natural resources of rural areas. Its
purpose is to help those farm families who are on the edge
financially because their farms are too small to support them.
But, this program does not stop at agricultural development.
It helps rural residents and communities.
Importance of this program is illustrated by the 1959
agricultural census. In Oregon, 9,140 farms reporting ranged
from one to nine acres, according to the census. The same
census shows that in Jackson county 369 farms are under
10 acres and 642 from 10 to 49 acres.
This program is important to communities because new
industry develops new industry. As a North Carolina power
official pointed out: Using a hypothetical factory employing
200 people with a direct payroll of $450,000 a year, area
restaurants could expect $22,500 annual gross increase. Over
200 cars could be sold each year. Service station earnings
would rise $13,000 annually. Bank deposits would jump
more than $200,000. Cothing and shoe store cash registers
would ring up an additional $19,000. Drug stores would get
over $37,000. Four new stores would be needed to supply
additional goods and services, and at least 200 additional
new jobs w'jld be created.
This program Is particularly important to Jackson county.
How many small lumber mills have shut down during the last
two years, how many larger ones have had to curtail their
operations and how many are eagerly seeking profitable
uses for byproducts from the forest industry? How badly
hurt is the pear Industry from pear tree decline and various
economic factors? Answers to these questions point up the
need.
Some lumber mills are selling ground bark for mulch,
compressed ground bark for fire logs similar to Presto-Logs,
chips to pulp mills. One lumber mill in central Oregon manu
factures toy blanks wood shapes which can be developed
into wood toys. The pear industry is experimenting with
pear nectar. So local industry is trying self-help programs
which form the basis of the overall RAD program.
But much more similar development is needed. Jackson
county produces some of the finest quality peaches, spinach
of such high quality one national chain store outlet here
sells it, excellent tomatoes, sweet corn, onions and melons,
to mention a few. But, how to create consumer demand?
A locally developed RAD program could make an organized,
concentrated effort, at least.
Yet another problem: Cattle grazing on public forestry
lands is gradually being curtailed. This is giving many local
cattlemen sleepless nights; not only here, but In other much
larger cattle-raising areas in the state and throughout the
west. In fact. Forest Service and BLM officials come awav
from meetings with cattlemen
that this is putting the wild
So what local people and natural resources do we have
which will put the rural areas back on their economic feet
again? A successful berry grower suggests raspberries by
intcrplanted in orchards. High quality Rogue valley rasp
berries used lo hit a profitable market in California. The
extension service is suggesting interplanting of sweet cher
ries using a more disease resistant variety. One small manu
facturing concern here is using peeler cores for log-cabin type
buildings. Some ranchers are near enough to potential and
existing local recreation areas to get into the tourist and
recrealion business. The Mcdford Chamber of Commerce has
received many inquiries from tourists seeking dude ranees.
The dairy industry is also in trouble. And this is a
problem nobodv seems to have even a hazv solution for.
Jackson county used to be one of the prominent fryer pro
ducing areas in the state. Now the cost-price squeeze lias
forced many such poultry operations to shut down. Yet,
there seems to be a strong demand for efficient turkey egg
producers. Perhaps there could be a conversion here. The
local egg producers need help, loo. They have taken the
first step by organizing into the independent Southern Ore
gon Egg Producers' council.
AND we still claim that a
ia nrprlrrl n a show ra for
Perhaps this followed up a
Francisco has could stimulate
local products.
RAD pamphlets from the U. S. Department o( Agricul
ture stress training and re-training. This takes the program
into Die cducationat field and illustrates its broadness. This
iiinam a mni-n artfiniintn i-ncatinnal-turlininat Irainina nrn.
gram. Yet, the Eugene assistant superintendent of schools
stated that not over 10 to 12 of the graduating high school
rial. .vniilH unroll in lh. viwalinoal-lrehnical .rhor.1 Thai'.
10 of 700 or 800 students.
This is a problem local educators are now wrestling with. I
yet. there appears to be considerable opposition from state
legislators and from part of the
tion. These economy minded
or increased vocational-technical school program would cut
sh;irpiy lnto fllnns nrCad needed for basic school support
and colleges and universities. So. how to convince these j
people there is a vital need for this technical training pro-1
gram. j
And tlies-c same people deplore the bulk of national de
fense contracts going to California where they boost local
economics. California had a broad junior college and voca
tional -technical school system which turns out the tech
nicians needed for national defense industries. Oregon does
not.
A glance at the land and people conference program
shows further how broad It is. Speakers Include the secre
tary of agriculture, to 'he president of a small rural com
munity bank, to U. S. Forest Service, state Grange Master,
lo county commissioner, union official, minister, to farm
owner, plus a host of officials of federal and stale bureaus
and departments.
An attempt has been made lo start an RAD program;
here. It has been coupled with the Jackson county regional
planning advisory committee. Flection time, pressure of i
other county business and other factors has delayed a real i
start. The committee was fostered by the county court which j
illustrates how important county court members can be to a
county's economic well-being. As people vote, they should
remember this and elect two
only have their feet solidly on 'the ground, but keep
tlirni moving in a progressive direction at a fair rate of
speed. And this does not mean we are endorsing any candi
date or candidates.
DOES THE TRICK
Cudaliy, Wis. JlTl Mrs.
Nclle Kresser, 46. rescued Ed
ward Mroz, 14. from a sand
lull rave-in the other day in
'an effective, if unorthodox.
manner She said she "sliu
down the hill on the seat of
OHfcliUM
Chat
on range allotments convinced
back in the west.
GOOD, open class county fair
local inHiislrv and acrt-iriilttirp.
farmer's market such as San
local consumer demand
for
state board of higher cduca
people say a junior college
county court members who
7! Builders Supply
QUALITY
BLOCKS
Chtmnay
PerneiJ
Conerttt
717
McAadrewi
HONI 77J 4S7J
FARM
Woodlot Facts
This issue of ''arm Woodlot
Facts is devoted entirely to
pre-commercial (or pre-mer-chantable)
thinnings. In at
least a dozen communities,
ranging from north to south
and east to west, far-sighted
Jackson and Josephine county
land-owners are engaged in
improving their young stands
of timber.
Thinning should begin
when trees are below head
height. Catching stands at the
pee wee stage reduces costs
and avoids stagnation. How
ever, most woodlot owners
will be starting in the older
stands of sapling and small
pole sizes because they have
them. These older pre com
mercial stands should be thin
ned if they are overstocked
with resultant stagnation.
Usually, thinning in dense
young stands amounts to re
moving suppressed (over-topped)
or spindling trees, dis
eased, poorly formed speci
mens, and those competing
with the future crop trees.
The rule of thumb is "Cut
the worst and leave the best."
Leave trees will usually be of
the largest diameter and the
best vigor. Future crop trees
may include dominate or final
crop trees, or codominate and
some intermediate trees to be
removed in future thinnings.
Any amount of suppressed
trees may be removed with
out harming the stand. In re
moving trees which compete
with those selected as future
crop trees, care should be
used not to open up the crown
of the crop trees on more than
one side in a single thinning.
This is particularly tcue of
Douglas Fir which Is easily
shocked by too drastic a thin
ning, resulting in delayed re
sponse in growth which
should increase following
thinning.
The following rule refers
to the removal of trees of
about the same height as the
future crop trees whose
crowns are in direct competi
tion with the crowns of the
I crop trees. Cut only one such
competitor per crop tree in a
single thinning. Get the others
later.
Thinning can be approach
ed from three different an
gles. They are: from above;
j from below; a combination of
both
In thinning from above,
leave enough trees so that
the "crown canopy" will close
together again in about five
to eight years. Look at the
distance between the whorls
on the side branches, us-, a
little imagination and take a
good guess. A rule of thumb
to use In thinning from below
is (D2). "D" stands for Dia-
i meter of average leave trees
I a breast heighth in inches,
! plus two inches, changed to
fee'- s should be the aver-
I a8e distance between future
crop trees. For example if the
average diameter was eight
inches, the average spacing
should be 10 feet. Probably
the best method is a combina
tion of both, plus using the
old "bean." In all three meth
ods of thinning the outside
trees on the sunny side of the
stand should be left alone to
prevent sun scald, especially
i ' thcre is a laiS opening on
the sunny side. "Take it easy'
on less sunny sides and pro
ceed close to normal on the
shady north side.
More Thinning
The small woodland owner
should plan more than one
j Pre-commcrcial thinning if
j Poi'slblc; Lighter and more
'renC"t CUtS arc better for
development of a forest stand.
The cost of early thinning
will be more than repaid by
shortening the time required
to grow merchantable trees.
Diameter growth of crop trees
can be Increased from 30 to
150 per cent. Height growth
is also accelerated, but to a
lesser degree.
Look for a future article
j on "How to Select Trees For
j Pruning," plus details on how
to do the job.
Th CREDIT BUREAU IS
NOW
AUDITING ACCOUNTS
for the nsxt
REDBOOK!
You make your own rating
by the way you pay your
bills. Pay promptly and
make a good rating.
A Slow Paid Bill looks
better than a Slow Bill
that's Kill einj. Pay
them todav'
CREDIT BUREAU
of Madford
jty ait
?VSIl-:-l tfeM
mm
Time Running Out
For Milk Program
Corvallis Time is running
out for Oregon to develop a
workable milk marketing pro
gram and there is little evi
dence that the dairy industry
has reached any agreement
as to how such a program
should operate.
H. P. Ewalt, Oregon State
University extension dairy
specialist, this week outlined
alternatives facing the indus
try and predicted chaos in the
milk pricing structure by the
end of this year unless action
is taken soon.
The present, temporary
Milk Stabilization act will ex
pire Dec. 31. It was establish
ed in 1961 when low milk
prices to producers brought
urgent requests to the Ore
gon legislature to help stabi
lize prices. Oregon had earlier
voted out a state Milk Market
ing act in 1954.
"Must conditions again reach
the point they did when the
rush was made to the 1961
legislature," Ewalt warned,
in calling on the industry to
move on a positive marketing
program. He said that condi
tions are now at a point where
it is to the advantage of both
cooperative and independent
producer groups to work to
getner or face the danger of
severe loss of income by
dairymen.
"There is little evidence
that a majority of the indus
try is ready to set up and
have in operation any kind
of a regulated marketing pro
gram by Dec. 1," the specialist
explained.
Industry Not Idle
This is not because the in
dustry has been idle, he ad
ded. The Oregon Dairymen's
Association called a meeting
of representatives of 90 per
cent of the fluid milk produc
ers of the state last Septem
ber. Oregon State university
prepared a review of the mar
keting alternatives and the
regulations in adjoining states
as li guide for possible action.
Other steps included form
ing of a dairy Industry com
mittee, representing 25 or
ganized producer groups in
Oregon, to outline problems
and formulate a plan of ac
tion. This group represented
about 75 per cent of all milk
produced.
In their next move, dairy
producers employed J. P.
Mason, milk marketing eco
nomist from Washington, D.C.
to study the Oregon market
and make recommendations
for a marketing program.
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A market study shows thesa
problems:
1. Milk is priced on the
basis of use (for manufactur
ing or fluid milk sales.) This
cannot successfully function
under a free market.
2. A classified price sys
tem, according to various
uses, must be uniformly en
forced. This situation does not
exist.
3. Production exceeds sales.
4. The market situation has
brought about competitive
conditions among producer
groups which in turn hava
demoralized the market by
price reduction.
5. The mobility of milk be
tween distant areas adds to
the problem.
6. Discounts arc out of con
lrol. Improvements Suggested
Mason concluded the mar
ket could be improved
through one of three avenues.
1. A voluntary pricing and
pooling agreement that would
have the support of all pro
ducers supplying the market,
and would be complied with
by all handlers;
2. A pricing and pooling
arrangement enforced by tha
state of Oregon; or
3. A pricing and pooling ar
rangement enforced by tha
federal government under a
milk marketing order pur
suant to the Agricultural Mar
keting Agreement Act of
1937, as amended.
The industry was told that
each of the three methods of
providing stability in the mar
ket would involve the sama
economic considerations.
These four basic needs are:
1. The defining of an eco
nomic marketing area that
can be made subject to a ra
tional pricing and pooling
plan;
2. A mechanism for estab
lishing and enforcing an
equitable system of classify
ing milk and pricing milk to
handlers;
3. A mechanism for dis
tributing returns equitably
among producers; and
4. A mechanism for equat
ing the available supply of
milk with the effective de
mand. Ewalt urges all groups con
cerned to move as quickly as
possible in seeking an answer
to their problem among these
alternatives before expiration
of the present temporary sta
bilization act.
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