MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 13. 1S62
Soldiers of Fortune Offer Severe Test Of Neutrality Laws
Edilor'i not: Th. Havina
waterfront it bombarded by
young Cuban txilai baied in
Miami. An American loldier
oi iorluna it rounded up in
the Congo. A U.S. flier it shot
down while fighting for Indo
nesian rebels. Yet the United
States hat ttrict lawt designed
to insure neutrality in such
situations. The following dis
patch deals with this teeming
anomaly.
By DONALD MAY
Washington -tUPD- In April,
1793, a Yankee schooner
scudded into New York har
bor, bringing the first news of
a new war in Europe.
The fact that a series of
ocean gales had cut off the
United States from all. news
of the Continent for three
months including France's
declaration of war on Great
Britain and Spain could
help to explain the policy the
United States subsequently
adopted.
President George Washing
ton issued his famous procla
mation of neutrality. He said
it was the "disposition" of
this country to "pursue a con
duct Iriendly and impartial
toward the belligerent pow
ers." He warned Americans
against "aiding , or abetting
hostilities."
'Neutrality Laws' Passed
- Congress followed by pas
ling a series of "neutrality
laws" making it a crime to
aid belligerent states or to
APPOINTED - W. Walton
Butterworth, 59-year-old dip
lomat, has been named by
President Kennedy as U. S.
Ambassador to Canada. But
terworth will serve, subject
to Senate confirmation, suc
ceeding Livingston Merchant,
who resigned last spring.
(UPI).
mount military expeditions
from U.S. shores against a
friendly state.
Washington's policy of neu
trality is long gone, now that
two world wars have left the
United States intimately in
volved in the affairs of most
of the world. But the neutral
ity laws have remained with
little change.
The laws came into the
news on Aug. 24 when two
boatloads of young Cuban ex
iles, based in Miami, slipped
into Havana harbor. They
shot up a large amount of
water front real estate, in
cluding a hotel housing Rus
sian technicians.
The law was not invoked in
April, 1A61, when about 1,000
Cuban exiles, many from the
United States, made their ill
fated invasion attempt at the
Bay of Pigs.
Went as Individuals
Atty. Gen. Robert F. Ken
nedy ruled they had not de
parted on an invasion but had
gone as individuals to "join
in insurgent group," which
courts have said is not against
the law.
"What the law does pro
hibit," the attorney general
said at the time," is a group
organized as a military expe
dition from departing from
the United States to take ac
tion as a military force against
a nation with whom the Unit
ed States is at peace."
Use of this country as a
base for - anti-Castro Cubans
plagued State Department pol
icy as far back as February,
1960. At that time, the depart
ment was forced to send the
Fidel Castro government "sin
cere regrets" over an Incident
in which a light plane from
Florida exploded over Cuba.
A few days later the Cu
bans charged that another
plane, a twin-engined bomber,
had shot up a suburb of Ha
vana. The United States de
nied any knowledge of the in
cident. In March, 1961, two Amer
ican flyers, Howard Rund
quist and William Schergales,
were captured when they
landed their Piper Comanche
on a Cuban highway. The Cu
bans charged they were try
ing to smuggle state enemies
out of Cuba.
U.S. officials intimated the
Cuban government might
have staged the whole thing
as an anti-American stunt.
Vigilance Impossible
No matter how tight the
controls, agents found it im
possible to police all the pri
vate airfields in Florida and
nearby states. In May, 1961,
Cuba claimed' to have captur
ed a light plane on a highway
outside Havana and to have
killed the pilot. The FAA said
the plane was rented in Lou
isiana. In another but related cate
gory is the diplomatic prob
lem of American citizens who
go off to join in another coun
try's battles.
When United Nations forces
rounded up mercenaries fight
ing for Katanga President
Motse Tshombe in the Congo
recently, they found that one
of Tshombe's pilots was Hu
bert Fauntleroy Julian, a sol
dier of fortune from New
York City.
In another case, Alan L.
Pope was shot down in 1998
while flying a B26 bomber
for Indonesian rebels. He was
sentenced to death by an In
donesian court, but the State
Department, after a year of
efforts, recently won his re
lease. Can Ground Soldiers
If it can catch them at the
right time, the U.S.. govern
ment can sometimes ground
soldiers of fortune by with
holding their passports. The
U.S. Supreme Court has ruled
that passports may not be
withheld on grounds of polit
ical beliefs or activities.
However, the court has giv
en the State Department
power to invalidate passports
for traveling in certain parts
of the world, including Red
China and a few other Com
munist countries. The depart
ment recently ruled that
Americans may not travel to
Cuba without a specially vali
dated passport.
Fisher Points To Need for Teamwork
Coos Bay - H'Pli - State Sen.
Carl Fisher (R-Eugene) said
Wednesday night the state
will not get any federal de
fense contracts until the Ore
gon Congressional delegation
develops an attitude of team
work. The Republican candidate
for Congress from the Fourth
District spoke at a public
meeting here.
"There is no argument
among Democrats and Repub
licans about the necessity for
large defense expenditures,"
he said. "There seems to b
no reason why this bi-partisan
attitude can't be extended to
an effort to acquire more con
tracts for Oregon."
Fisher emphasized he was
talking about legitimate de
fense contracts and not "any
kind of boondoggle project
just so that Oregon gets an
injection of federal money."
MEETS WITH JFK
Bonn - IUPD - West German
Economics Minister Ludwig
Erhard flies to Washington to
day for a meeting with Presi
dent Kennedy.
DOWN THE DRAIN
La Porte. Ind. - ftJPD - Like
any housewife, Mrs. Dora Lee ;
Raska was working at her !
kitchen sink Wednesday when
authorities raided her home.
They said she was pouring i
ing down the drain the last 1
of 16 gallons of whisky from
an illegal still she and her
husband operated for a $130
daily net.
HELP
US!
We need clorhini, shoes, dishes,
furniture, end bedding.
We rick Up.
HELP OTHERS!
The Salvation Army
30 N. Holly
773-733S
Safety Laws Urged
For Alaska Line
Washington (UPD Sen. E.
L. Bartlett (D-Alaska) Wed
nesday introduced legislation
calling for application of fed
eral safety laws to the Alaska
Railroad.
Bartlett's bill would bring
t,he government-owned rail
road under the same laws
which apply to privately own
ed railroads in the 48 contig
uous states.
He said the Kennedy admin
istration was drafting an ex
ecutive order which would
delegate regulatory authority
over the Alaska Railroad to
the Interstate Commerce Com
mission. "Now it is timelv tn.turrt
to the second aspect of the
problem that of the safety
of the employees of -the rail
road," he said in introducing
the bill.
i
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