MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON
THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 13. 1962
B 3
Commonwealth Leaders Discuss
European C
ommon Market
By PETER KNOX
London -ft'PH- Prime Min--Ister
Harold Macmlllin
took on one of the great chal
lenges of his long career this
week.
Starting last Monday, he ii
meeting with Empire leaden
in an attempt to convince
them that Britain's negotia
tions for entry into the Euro
pean common market are not
endangering the whole com
monwealth idea.
. Britain's bid to merge with
Europe was the outstanding
question up for discussion
with the 15 commonwealth
prime ministers as they gah-
ik-i)
Ml
MEETS LEADERS - Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan,
above, took on one of the
great challenges of his long
career thij week. Starting last
Monday, he is meeting Em
pire leaders in an attempt to
convince them that Britain's
negotiations for entry into
the European Common Mar
ket are not endangering the
whole commonwealth idea.
(UPI)
ered for their 11th meeting
since the second world war.
.Attending the conference
are representatives from the
independent commonwealth
nations of Britain, Canada,
Australia, New Zealand, In
dia, Pakistan, Ceylon, Ghana,'
Malaya, Nigeria, Cyprus, Si
erra Leone, Tanganyika, Ja
maica and Trinidad. The fed
eration of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland have associate sta
tus at the talks and several
colonies sent observer-delegates
because their interests
are especially affacted by the
common market project.
U, S. Bystander
-In the wings as interested
bystander is the United
States, which has a deep in
terest in the outcome of Bri
tain's common market plans.
IOs no secret President Ken
nedy wants Britain in.
The United States would
liRe to see Britain in the mar
ket where it could use its in
fluence to ensure that the
European group keeps to outward-looking
trade policies
while remaining politically
closely linked with Washing
ton. The United States be
lieves Britain would act as a
brake on these Europeans
France's President Charles de
Gaulle, for one who sees the
old continent as a third force
in world politics.
-The 68-year-old Macmillan
who is heavily committed on
the home political front to
getting Britain into the com
mon market, knows that
among the commonwealth
leaders there are several open.
ly hostile to the European
idea while the rest are torn
with doubt. Macmillan him
self believes British member
ship will not only make Bri
tain stronger, but in the long
run also strengthen the com
monwealth.
The suspicions of the com
monwealth leaders are in
spired by political and econ
omic considerations. Some
fear adverse economic reper
cussions if they lose the Em.
pire preferences that give
them a privileged trading po-
sition in Europe. Others see
the Commonwealth breaking
up if trade ties are slackened
and Britain becomes en
grossed in continental affairs.
Muit Convince
Macmillan has said repeat
edly Britain will not enter
the common market without
firm guarantees for the com
monwealth. Now he must
convince the premiers this
pledge will be honored.
When he announced early
in April that he was calling
the conference, Macmillan
hoped he would have by now
the general outline of an
agreement with the six com
mon market c o u n t r i e s
France, Germany, Italy, Hol
land, Belgium and Luxem
bourg on the terms for Bri
tish entry.
He wanted to present this
agreement to the premiers
for their approval before sub
mitting it to his own parlia
ment in October. This would
have permitted him to have
the merger settled well in ad
vance of 1964 when he muft
call new general elections in
Britain.
The timetable came un
stuck mainly because the Bri
tish negotiators in Brussels
could not get the common
market countries to agree to
concessions for an important
section ol commonwealth
trade the farm produce of
Australia, Canada and New
Zealand.
Tough Problem
The farm problem is a
tough one because basically
these three old so-called
white" dominions produce
the same sort of food that
Europe can grow itself. Bri
tain wants the six market
countries to give guarantees
that food exporters from
these countries will have rea
sonable access to the market
countries.
The six recognize that some
privileges must be conceded
to commonwealth farm pro
duce for a transitional period
of several years to permit
them to adjust trade, but are
reluctant to extend them
indefinitely.
Because common market
negotiations still are not near
the final stage s o m e ln
formed commentators are
wagering 60-40 odds that
agreement never will be
reached Macmillan can give
the premiers only a partial
picture of the future.
At the same time he must
sound them out as to what
concessions they might be
willing to make to permit
Britain to work out a compro
mise agreement with the six.
If the premiers' conference
ends in undisguised disagree
ment Macmillan might find it
difficult to persuade the sub
stantial commonwealth first
wing of his own ruling con
servative party that Britain 1
should join Europe.
MacMillan almost certain
ly will need all the diplomatic
skill and political patience i
have earned him such nick
names as "Supermac" and ;
"Macwonder." The lineup fac
ing him is formidable.
Prime Minister Robert Men-
zies of Australia, a veteran
of many prime ministers' con
ferences and a tough and
capable debater, is no friend
of the common market idea.
Menzies sees not only the
threat to such Australian ex
ports as wheat, meat and
canned fruit, but he fears also
the political implications of
Britain joining the six.
He recently told his parlia
ment that if Britain became
a member of a European fed
eration the commonwealth
would cease to be an associa
tion of "sovereign and fully
self-governing states."
New Zealand is especially
concerned because 95 per
cent of her exports are farm
products, and half go to Bri
tain. The common market
countries agree New Zealand
needs special protection for
her dairy exports, but have
not yet worked out details.
Canada enjoys one advan
tage. The bulk of her impor
tant wheat exports are of a
special hard type which
Europe needs but cannot
grow. Canada will, however,
almost certainly lost a good
market in Britain for manu
factured goods.
Some African members also
are hostile to the common
market idea even though they
might benefit from it financi
ally. The six have offered the
African commonwealth coun
tries the same free access for
tropical products as the for
mer French colonics enjoy.
But countries like Ghana, Ni
geria and Tanganyika are
deeply suspicious of aligning
themselves with any Euro
pean group because of their
strong anti-colonial senti
ments. The Asian countries are
divided in their approach.
Malay and Ceylon are little
concerned because their main
exports tin, rubber, and tea
have free access to the com
mon market and would not
be affected if Britain stayed
out or went in.
India and Pakistan, on the
other hand, fear for the fu
ture of their young and grow
ing Industries if Britain
enters the market.
Is Fearful
Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru, like Menzies one of
the real commonwealth vet
erans, is reported to be fear
ful the commonwealth ties
would be seriously weakened
if its economic links are
loosened.
The newer countries in the
commonwealth, such as Cy
prus and the West Indies is
lands, Trinidad and Jamaica,
are not expected to make any
major objections to British
common market policy.
All the premiers, however,
are expected to be drawn into
searching discussion on pos
sible alternatives to the com
mon market should the Bri
tish bid for membership fail.
This will strike right at the
heart of the problem. In Bri
tain the people in favor of
entering the common market
argue that the whole pattern
of world trade is changing
and that Britain cannot af
ford to be left out of the com
mon market grouping because
the commondealth offers no
alternative.
The anti-common market
faction, on the other hand,
claims that, taken over a 101
year period, trade with the
commonwealth has shown a
definite increase and that,
given some stimulus, it could
be expanded.
Downward Scale
The pro-common market
group reply that this may be
so but commonwealth trade
hit a peak in the mid 1950's
and now is on the downward
scale again.
Trade experts give various
reasons for the decline. The
commonwealth countries
have been trying to diversify
their trade outlets and open
new markets in view of the
possible loss of the privileged
British market. The common
wealth countries also have
been developing their own
industries and, in some in
stances, putting up protec
tive tariffs against manufac
tured goods from Britain.
Several, too, have had bal
ance of payments crises which
have forced them to cut back
on imports.
Whether the commonwealth
premiers can come up with
some new plan that will per
mit MacMillan to think in
terms of a future in which
Britain does not merge with
Europe is one of the un
known factors of the confer
ence. What seems certain is
that Macmillan will do all in
his power to convince his fel
low delegates that the inter
ests of Britain and the
commonwealth will best ba
served by British entry.
'Winter' Weed
Control Program
Corvallis - Possibilities of
setting up a "winter" weed
control program in Chile to
supplement summer trials
made in Oregon are being
studied by Oregon State uni
versity. Chile has almost Identical
weed problems, crops and cli
matic conditions are western
Oregon, O S U agricultural
leaders pointed out. It lies In
the same general latitude
south of the equator as Ore
gon to the north.
The big difference, in fact,
is that the reasons are re
versed. When it's winter here,
it's summer in Chile.
To Study Ftatibility
Dr. William R. Furtlck,
who heads up farm crops
weed control research for
OSU, will go to Chile this
month to study the feasibility
of a "sister" herbicide re
search program in Chile. His
five-week trip is being made
at the Invitation of the Chil
ean Ministry of Agriculture,
which Is concerned with im
provement of its weed control
work.
Expenses for the trip will
be shared by chemical com
panies who are interested In
the program since it would
facilitate field trials with new
chemicals being tested for
crop use.
Research stations operated
by the Ministry of Agricul
ture in Chile would cooperate
with Oregon State in the
joint program, it has been
indicated. Chilean students
would be available to help
conduct the trials under su
pervision of OSU staff mem
bers who could go there dur
ing the crop season.
A number of agriculture
students from Chile have
done advanced work in farm
crops and related fields at
Oregon State in the .past.
Furtick is one of the na
tion's leaders in farm crops
weed control. He was presi
dent of the Western Weed
Conference the past two years
and chairman of the Weed
Control Division for the Am
erican Society of Agronomy
in 1961. He has been on the
OSU staff since 1950.
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