Khrushchev's Softer Line Doesn't Mean
Policy Change, Newspaper Editor Says
New York - il'Pli - Lee Hills,
editor in chief of the Knight
Newspapers, says that it
would be a mistake" to infer
that the softer line adopted by
Soviet Premier Nikita Khru
shchev means a change in Rus
sia's goals.
Hills and three other Amer
ican newspaper editors arriv
ed here by plane Saturday
from Paris after a one month
tour of the Soviet Union,
which included an interview
with Khrushchev.
"1 don't think that there is
any dilution of what the Com
munists are trying to do,"
Hills said, "although they are
more flexible and ostensibly
more moderate.
"The frightening thing
about it is the capacity for
self deception of these Com
munist leaders," he added.
' They believe everything they
say about the United States."
Comparison Impossible
Hills, president of the Amer
ican Society of Newspaper Ed
itors, said that it would be im
possible to compare the Soviet
press, their host on the tour,
with the American press.
"Their press is an arm and
tool of the government," he
said. "It's a government func
tion. "The Soviet people, from
the press, radio and television,
get exactly what the govern
ment wants them to hear and
see, and they have a very dis
torted picture of the United
States and the motives of this
country."
Their tour of eight Russian
cities included the two and
one-half hour talk with Khru
shchev. Eight other American
editors also were present for
the interview.
"Khrushchev is a very wily,
cunning politician," Hills said.
"He is extremely articulate.
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"He was doing his best dur
ing the interview to be amia
ble. He flared up a couple of
times, but he never really lost
his temper."
Took Iisue
Hills said that he and his
fellow editors particularly
took issue with inaccuracies
in the Soviet translation of
the text of their conversation.
"Some of our answers were
completely changed around.
We couldn't very well argue
about these because of the in
terpreter, but they even
changed some of our questions
as well as the answers," Hills
said.
Hills said he was impressed
by the treatment they receiv
ed. "I got the impression that
we got some of the treatment
they were going to give Eisenhower."
Former President Eisen
hower had been scheduled to
visit the Soviet Union in 1960
after Khrushchev visited the
United States. The visit was
called off, however, after the
disclosure of an American U-2
flight over Russia.
Election Victory Predicted
Hills said he believed that
Khrushchev would win a free
and open election in the So
viet Union "hands down.
Felix R. McKnight, execu
tive editor of the Dallas Times
Herald, said that Khrushchev
"has a very agile mind. He
sat for two and one-half hours
with a pad, occasionally tap
ping a pencil on it, but never
took a note."
McKnight said that Khru
shchev took 37 minutes to an
swer the first question. The
question, from Hills, pertain
ed to the problems that divide
the United States and the So
viet Union and what could be
done to solve them.
McKnight said he was
"chewed out" by Khrushchev
when he asked the Soviet Pre
mier if the Russian people had
been informed of the 40 So
viet atmospheric nuclear ex
plosions. Creed C. Black, executive
editor of the Wilmington
(Del.) News-Journal, said that
there should be a larger pro
gram for exchange of Soviet
and U.S. tourists to combat
misinformation in Russia
about the United States.
"They are afraid to inform
the people about what is go
ing on in the world," Black
said. "Tass carried one para
graph on Telstar."
No Nylon Plant
Black asked about industry
in Tbilisi, the capital of the
Georgian Republic, and ex
pressed interest in visiting a
nylon plant when he was told
the city had one.
But when I tried to set it
up for a visit they told me
there was no nylon plant
there," he said. "We were
shown what they wanted us to
sec."
William J. Woestendiek, ed
itorial director of Newsday In
Garden City, N.Y., said that
in Tashkent he was surround
ed by students who asked
"Why does Kennedy want
war?"
"The frightening thing is
they believed this very strong
ly," he said.
Your Money's
Worth
By SYLVIA PORTER
Copyright, Hall Syndicate, Inc.
WHAT THREE-POINT TAX CUT WOULD SAVE YOU
A quick, simple, substantial, across-the-board tax cut plan
favored in high administration circles today would reduce
tax rates on individual incomes by three points in each brac
ket and would reduce the tax rate on corporations by either
three or five points too.
This would, on an annual basis, save individual taxpayers
$6 billion, for each point in individual tax rates amounts to
$2 billion a year. It would save corporations around $1.5
billion if the rate were cut from 52 to 49 per cent, or $2.5
billion if the rate were cut to 47 per cent, for each point in
corporation tax rates amounts to about $500 million over a
year. The total tax reduction over a 12-month period would
be either $7.5 billion or $8.5 billion. The reductions would
become effective immediately after passage of the law, on
the understanding that this quickie would be replaced next
year by a sounder, more comprehensive program of tax
reduction and reform.
What would this sort of tax cut mean to your pocket
book? While a total of $6 billion in tax reduction for in
dividuals sounds impressive on the face of it, what share
of the savings would you get?
This table shows what it would mean to you as married
taxpayers filing joint returns with taxable incomes meaning
your income after all your deductions and exemptions of
the following amounts.
Taxable income Tax paid now After 3-pt. cut Saving
$ 4,000 $ 800 $ 680 $ 120
8.000 1.680 1.440 240
12,000 2.720 2.360 360
16,000 3.920 3,440 480
20,000 5.280 4.680 600
24.000 6.800 6.080 720
28.000 8.520 7.680 840
32,000 10,400 9.440 960
36,000 12.400 11.320 1.080
40,000 14,520 13,320 1,200
44.000 16,760 15.440 1,320
52.000 21,480 19.920 1.560
64.000 28.920 27,000 1,920
76,000 36.720 34.440 2.280
' 88.000 45.000 42,360 2.640
100,000 53,640 50,640 3,000
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MEDFORDtaWTRIBUNE
SECTION B
MEDFORD. OREGON, MONDAY. JULY 23. 1 .62
PAGES 1 to 8
.. . 1
.Wl It n.ae JitV .
'I
sCWIL WAR
Lincoln Decides To Free Slaves
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Obviously, on a percentage basis, the point reduction
across-the-board would favor the lower-income taxpayer. The
tax cut for married taxpayers in the $4,000 taxable income
bracket would come to 15 per cent; the cut for married tax
payers in the $100,000 bracket would come to less than 6
per cent. Although the dollar savings in the lower brackets
would appear picayune when spread over 52 weeks of pay
checks, even tiny dollar amounts left in the pay envelope
of families which spend to the hilt of their income add up
to a business spur, for these dollars "multiply." When the
retailer gets more business, he in turn buys more from his
wholesale, who in tur buy more from the manufacturers.
This can be only theory now, for we haven't yet tried using
the taxdeduction weapon to stimulate a sluggish economy,
but it appears valid to argue that consumers will spend more
if they got tax cuts and this will give businessmen the in
centive to spend more as well.
Simultaneously, corporations would get their own tax
rate reduction and, coming on top of the tax savings to be
achieved by the long-awaited liberalization of the deprecia
lion rules, this could be of major importance not only from
a commercial-financial but also from a psychological point
of view.
So complex and confused are the politics of immediate
tax cuts at this stage that even the most informed insiders
can do no more than guess what might happen, if any
thing. But one thing is increasingly clear: unless given new
stimulus, our economy is likely at best in the months ahead
to continue its slow advance.
A full year and a half after this economic expansion be
gan, we still arc producing, selling and employing our work
ers at rates far below our potential.
Dennis the Menace
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
Some time in the summer
of 1862 President Lincoln de
cided to free the slaves.
The actual date on which
he made up his mind is ob
scure. But he broke the news
to Secretary of State William
H. Seward and Secretary of
Navy Gideon Welles on July
13. 1862 under strange cir
cumstances. Lincoln, the two cabinet of
ficers and Seward's daughter-in-law,
Mrs. Frederick Se
ward, rode in the Presidential
carriage that Sunday after
noon to the' home of Secre
tary of War Edwin M. Stan
ton to attend the funeral of
Stanton's infant son, James.
Welles told the story in his
diary.
"It was on this occasion
and on this ride that he first
mentioned to Mr. Seward and
myself the subject of eman
cipating the slaves by procla
mation in case the Rebels did
not cease to persist in their
war on the government and
the Union, of which he saw
no evidence. He dwelt earn
estly on the gravity, impor
tance and delicacy of the
movement, said he had given
it much thought and had
about come to the conclusion
that it was a military neces
sity absolutely essential for
the salvation of the Union,
that we must free the slaves
or be ourselves subdued, etc.,
etc.
First Occasion
"This was, he said, the first
occasion when he had men
tioned the subject to anyone,
and wished us frankly to state
how the proposition struck us.
Mr. Seward said the subject
involved consequences so vast
and momentous that he
should wish to bestow on it
mature reflection before a de
cisive answer, but his pres
ent opinion inclined to the
measure as justifiable, ana
nerhaps he might say expedi
ent and necessary. These also
were my views. . .
"It was a new departure
for the President, for until
this lime, in all our previous
interviews, whenever the
question of emancipation or
the mitigation of slavery had
been in any way alluded to,
he had been prompt and em
phatic in denouncing any in
terference by the General
Government with the sub
ject." Lincoln was pushed into
his decision by circumstances.
He was an anti-slavery man
but not an Abolitionist-the
difference was wide. He held
the constitutional view that
slavery could not be inter
fered with by the national
government within the states
where it already existed. But
he believed that slavery must
be contained within those
limits and barred in terri
tories. Once contained, he
thought, slavery inevitably
would die rom economic
pressure or by government
purchase and freeing of the
slaves.
He had tried to convince
Delaware to consider buying
and freeing its comparatively
small number of slaves but
that stale legislature would
have none of it. Border state
men from Kentucky, Missouri
nd Maryland were just as
adamant.
Republicans Threaten
Yet the Republican party,
to which radical anti-slavery
men and Abolitionists had
flocked in 1860, was forging
ahead of Lincoln on the slav
ery question and threatening
to take the initiative away
from him-and the party con
trolled the Congress. It al
ready had freed the slaves in
the District of Columbia, pay-
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8th at Rtvarltd
ing $200 a head to the mas
ters. Lincoln also had reluc
tantly signed the Confiscation
and Emancipation bill on July
17 which freed slaves of mas
ters in rebellion. He must act
fast or lose his hold on the
party, it seemed.
Another consideration was
the value of emancipation as
a war measure. It would de
prive the Confederacy of at
least some of the labor of 3i
million slaves who continued
to grow food, build fortifica
tions and drive army wagons
while their masters fought.
Even more important, per
haps, would be the effect of
stiffening war spirits in the
North, now ebbing after re
verses on the Peninsula be
fore Richmond.
Also vital were the foreign
aspects of emancipation. To
make emancipation a twin
war aim with preserving the
Union would mobilize human
itarian sentiment in Europe.
With those objectives in
mind Lincoln drafted the
Emancipation P r o c lamation
off and on and in the semi
secrecy of the telegraph room
of the War Department with
only Thomas E. Eckert, an
operator, as a witness.
Eckert recorded that Lin
coln would write a line or
two and then look off into
the distance as if construct
ing the next -sentence in his
mind before writing it. Lin
coin would work an hour or
so as he found time and then
lock his papers in a desk.
The rest of the cabinet
learned about the preliminary
proclamation on July 22
1862.
Cabinet Startled
They were startled when
Lincoln pulled the document
out of his pocket and read
its 500 words which went
to the point. On Jan. 1, 1863,
it read, he, Abraham Lincoln,
acting solely on his respon
sibility as President and commander-in-chief,
would pro
claim "all persons held as
slaves" within any state then
in rebellion "shall then,
thenceforward and forever be
free."
Later Lincoln told the story
of the historic cabinet meet
ing to Francis Carpenter, who
painted the scene.
"Things had gone on from
bad to worse," Carpenter
quoted Lincoln as saying, "un
til I felt that we had reached
the end of our rope. . . I said
to the cabinet that I . . had
not called them together to
ask their advice, but . . , sug
gestions . . . would be in order
after they heard it read . , ,
Secretary (of Treasury Sal
mon P.) Chase wished the lan
guage stronger in reference
to the arming of the blacks.
Mr. (Postmaster General
Montgomery) Blair depre
cated the policy, on the
ground that it would cost the
administration the fall elec
tions. ". . . Secretary Seward . , .
said in substance, 'Mr. Presi
dent, I approve of the procla
mation, but I question the
expediency of its issue at this
juncture. The depression of
the public mind, consequent
on our repeated reverses, is
so great 1 fear the effect of
so important a step. It may
be viewed as the last measure
of an exhausted government.
1 suggest that you postpone
its issue until you can give
it to the country supported
hy a military success. . .'
Struck With Force
"The wisdom of the view
of the Secretary of State
struck me with very great
force. It was an aspect that,
in all my thought on the sub
ject, I had entirely over
looked. , . ."
Contrariness
Wholesome Thing
Publisher Says
New York - il'PD - Contrari
ness, said publisher James L.
Kraser, can be a wholesome
thing when applied to the
thinking processes. It sets up
an early warning system.
This is the theory, he ex
plained, that has made Hum
phrey B. Neill. sitting up in
So Lincoln again tucked the state of Vermont where
away the document, "touch- he emigrated from Wall
ing it up" once in a while. Street, write a bi-weekly
Attorney General Edward i Frascr-Ncm "Letter of Con-
Bates, a Missourian but Vir
ginia-born, approved the doc
ument, especially the part
providing for colonizing ex-
slaves.
Stanton, who had learned
his Abolition at the knee of
his Quaker father, quickly
approved.
Strangely enough. Chase,
an ardent anti-slavery man,
did not give his unqualified
approval. Welles, who detest
ed Chase, attributed Chase's
attitude to jcalously-Lincoln
had thought of emancipation
first and that put him one up
on the treasury secretary who
was getting presidential am
bitions. Lincoln would get his mili
tary victory and issue the
proclamation two months
later almost to the day.
Graham Closes
Fresno Crusade
Fresno, Calif. -(IT"- Billy
Graham ended his eight-day
crusade here Sunday night
with a challenge to his audi
ence of 28,000 to prepare for
the pecond coming of Christ,
Although he said that' the
"coming of Christ could be to
morrow or a thousand years
away," the Baptist minister
noted that conditions were
right at present.
Graham said that five signs
preceding Christ's return
were, according to the Bible,
a time of falling away from
the faith, a time of immoral
ity, a time of increased sin, a
time when the church docs
not expect it, and a time
when world-wide evangelism
is in progress.
He pointed out that the
first four conditions had been
occurring for quite a while,
but current times arc the first
period of world-wide evan
gelism. Graham noted the doctrine
of Christ's coming cuts across
the plans of "millions of peo
ple who want to eat, drink
and be merry -without Interference."
"Death is the end of the
world for all of us," he said
"Jesus warned that we are to
trary Opinion" which has
been going on for 13 years,
covering matters of business,
finance and socio-economics.
In the 20s. Neill was "in"
Wall Street. In a recent pam
phlet, he explained:
Urge Started Quest
Quite Irankly, the urge
that first sent me on a quest
that ended in the Neill theory
of contrary opinion was the
disappointments and disillu
sionment that come to every
one who seeks a method to
beat the stock market."
On a recent visit here from
Pawlet, Vt where the letters
are published. Fraser ex
plained that Ncill's theory,
and his writing rc not merely
"agin something or "cranky,'
but challenging; they call
upon the reader to think for
himself.
"Basically, a person who
reads him may be interested
in the market," explained
Fraser, "but he has a liking
for this letter as containing a
viewpoint which he can not
get elsewhere. Or, the person
may have no market interest
at all, but wants something
stimulating to thought in the
general field of economics."
UNKINDEST CUT
Pittsburgh -IUPII- Joseph
Colcchia telephoned Wild
wood, N.J., ocean resort ho
tel to confirm his reservation.
A hotel clerk said the confir
mation had been mailed and
remarked about "how slow
the post office is sometimes."
Colcchia is a postal employee.
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CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS
AltaVista, Va. -IUPII- Cen
tral Baptist church celebra
ted Christmas with carols anj
a sermon on Christ Sunday
W e wanted to celebrate
Christmas without tinsel and
Santa Claus," explained the
Rev. Norman Bennett.
be prepared for any eventualities.
"Ihousands nt deaths are
sudden and unexpected. We
never know when that mo
ment Is to come. Are you pre-pared?"
Graham's eight-day crusade
drew 172,000 persons. His
staff said that 6,845 persons
made "decisions for Christ."
V""
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