MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. .1DFORD, OREGON
ashmir Temperatures Are Mild,
But
SUNDAY. JULY 8, 19E2 g J
Mot Political Climate
Discount per Gal.
tmited Timt Only)
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(Editor's note: Kashmir, an
area encircled by more men
under arms than probably
any area of similar size in the
world, has been the center of
a raging dispute for 15 years.
India, Pakistan and Commu
nist China all e!aim parts of
the region, and Russia recent
ly cast its 100th veto in the
United Nations to block a res
olution calling for a negoti
ated settlement. In the follow
ing dispatch, UPI corrcsmind
ents bring the mysterious and
faroff land of Kashmir into
focus.)
By United Press International
S r i n i g a r, Kashmir -WPD-Three
times a day during
spring and summer, an air
liner arrives in this summer
capital of Kashmir. Mostly,
the passengers are tourists
seeking an escape from the
115 -degree heat of-northern
India.
By air and by road over the
9,290 foot high Banihal Pass,
tourists are coining to the
Kashmir Valley at the rate of
600 to 1,000 a day. They find
the temperatures are mild,
but the same cannot be said
of the political climate.
This mountain surrounded
area is always simmering. For
a decade and a half, it has
threatened to boil over.
India, Pakistan and Red
China don't talk about the
number of troops they have
stationed around this much
disputed region, but it un
doubtedly is one of the most
militarized in the world.
Consist of Districts
Kashmir consists of four
districts lying to the extreme
north of the Indian sub-continent.
It has an area of 85,
861 square miles, or about
the size of Minnesota. The
population is something over
four million, about 75 per
cent of them Moslem.
Kashmir is maiie up of the
valley, or vale, in the central
western portion, with Jammu
to the south and below the
Banihal Pass, the northern
areas of Gilgit and Hunza, and
the eastern section of Ladakh.
There is no easy land access
to any of the four areas.
Since 1047 Kashmir has
been one of the bicsest trou
ble spots in Central Asia. In
dia and Pakistan both claim
the entire region, while Com
munist China says a big por
tion of Ladakh belongs to her.
Each of the three nations
hold portions of Kashmir.
India is in firm possession
of the Kashmir Valley,
Jammu and the western
sections of Ladakh. Pakis
tan controls a rocky fringe
of western Kashmir and the
northern territories of Gil
git and Hunza. which in
cludes the world's second
highest mountain, K-2.
Red China infiltrated the
Aksai China area of thumb
shaped eastern Ladakh be
ginning in 1956 or 1957,
and holds approximately
14,000 square miles of bar
ren Himalayan moonscape.
Of the areas, the valley
and the northern territor
ies are predominantly Mos
lem, Jammu is about equal
ly split between Moslems
and Hindus, and the resi
dents of sparsely populated
Ladakh are mostly Tibetan
Buddhists.
Principal Kashmir Dispute
The principal Kashmir
dispute, which was brought
before the United Nations
again this year, is a blurred
affair. The two principals,
Pakistan and India, do not
agree on what actually hap
pened. In 1947,. at the time of
Indian and Pakistan inde
pendence, Kashmir was
ruled by a Hindu mahara
ja. Under the terms of par
tition, rulers of the princely
states were given the op
tion of joining either India
or Pakistan. They were,
however, urged by the Brit
ish to take into considera
tion the wishes of their peo
ples and the geographical
implications.
Maharaja Hari Singh hes
itated at the time of inde
pendence and asked Pakis
tan and India to accept a
"standstill agreement'' until
he made up his mind. There
followed a period of uncer- j
tainty.
I
Pakistanis say communal ;
uprisings occurred in Kash
mir's Poonch area with the
Maharaja's Hindu army firing I
on Moslems. As a result, the
Pakistan government was un
able to restrain Moslem tribes
men of Pakistan's northwest
frontier agency from entering
the valley.
Indians say the Pakistan
army helped the tribesmen en
ter Kashmir and provided ve
hicles, gasoline and weapons.
In any event, the Moslem
tribesmen drove deep into the
valley and almost captured
the capital of Srinigar. The
tribesmen got to the town of
Baramula near Srinigar and
stopped to regroup. This ap
peared to be the turning
point.
Instrument of Accession
The frightened maharaja
hurriedly signed the instru
ment of-ficcession to India und
Indian troops were immedi
ately airlifted to Srinigar.
Had the Moslem tribesmen
captured the Srinigar airport,
it would have taken days for
the Indian forces to enter the
valley via the overland route.
The trained Indian army
moved quickly and proved too
much for the hit-and-run
tribesmen who were eventu
ally forced back to the west
ern fringes of the state. A
cease-fire was brought about
by the United Nations in 1949.
Repeated suggestions in
the UN security council
that a plebiscite be held
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have foundered on the ques
tion of troop withdrawal.
No one knows what the
result of a plebiscite would
be. Two facts, however,
stand out:
-The Kashmiri Moslem
seldom identifies himself
with India. Visitors return
ing from the valley report
that the Kashmiris usually
refer to citizens of India as
"those Indians" rather than
as fellow countrymen.
-The high percentage of
Moslems in Kashmir would
appear to tip the balance in
favor of Pakistan, rather
than Hindu India.
However, one newsman
who visited Kashmir in
June said, "I still get the
idea that if they voted and
had three choices, they
would choos-c independence
first, and Pakistan second."
In Political Vacuum
In the meantime, Kashmir
exists in a type of political
vacuum. Although com
monly called an Indian
state, it has not been offi
cially designated as India's
16th state. Instead of a chief
minister as in other Indian
states, Kashmir's leader is
called a prime minister.
Three elections have been
held for the state legisla
ture, but the members of
parliament from Kashmir
are still appointed.
A Kashmir government
ficial describes the present
prime minister, Bakshl
Gluilam Mohammed, as a
lovable man of the people.
"He is very approacha
ble." the official said. "Hus
bands and wives having
trouble (ton t take it to t
court. They take it to Pashi
Sahib." Others are more critical
of Bakshi and there are ru
mors in New Delhi that his
days as political leader of
Kashmir may be numbered.
There are other reports
that Kashmir's first prime
minister. Sheikh Absullah.
"The lion of Kashmir," may
be released from jail. The
sheikh, perhaps the most
popular figure in Kashmir,
has been under arrest al
most continuously since
1953 on charges of conspir
acy. There are growing fears
that violence may soon erupt
again. Chaudri Ghulam Ab
bas, supreme head of the
Kashmir liberation move
ment, told United Press Inter
national "the Soviet veto of
the Kashmir resolution in the
United Nations Security coun
cil was further proof that the
only solution to the problem
is direct action by Kashmiris
themselves."
Last month Abbas called
for 10.000 volunteers to be re
cruited by late August to re
sume the liberation fight
which ended with acceptance
of the 1949 UN cease-fire
agreement. Abbas said the
Kashmiris would "throw
themselves into the abyss of
war to achieve the liberation
of their homelands."
Would Determine Policy
The Pakistan government
immediately announced that
no one group, such as the
KLM, would determine Pakis-
an's policy on Kashmir. The
announcement said the cease
fire agreement is between
Pakistan and India, and 4hat
Pakistan would do all in its
power to prevent any viola
tion of the agreement.
Abbas said his organization
viewed the Pakistan govern
ment statement "with all the
contempt it deserves."
There appears to be no
easy solution to Kashmir's
future. As long as Pakistan
claims the Hindus are op
pressing the Moslem major
ity in Kashmir, and as long
as India's prime minister
Jawaharhil Nehru, a Kash
miri by ancestry, says In
dia has no intention of los
ing its "northern crown,"
there is bound to be con
tinued dissension and conflict.
HELP
US!
We need clothing, .hoe., di.hei
furniture, and bedding.
We Pick Up.
HELP OTHERS!
The Salvation Army
30 N. Holly
773-7335
NOTICE
Noble Shoe Store
formerly Buster Brown
Shoe Store
wilt be closed all day
tomorrow (Monday)
preparing for Gigantic
Clearance Sale, starting
Tuesday at 9 a.m.!
OPEN
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TILL 7 00
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F.1
JIM GREY
Leaves for Michigan
Jim Grey Takes
Ford Firm Post
Jim Grey, for the past five
years a mcmDcr 01 me dis
play advertising staff ot tne
Mail Tribune, will leave Mon
day for Dearborn, Mich., to
assume a position in the ford
Motor company's styling cen
ter.
Mrs. Grey and their two
I daughters, Kandi and Valerie,
will accompany him and es
tablish their home in Dear
born.
The Ford styling center
deals with the designing and
appointments of all new
Fords, Mercurys and Lincolns.
Grey, before entering the
newspaper business, graduat
ed cum laude from Whit-
worth college in Spokane,
Wash., majoring in art. He
also has post graduate study
in this field at the University
of Hawaii and Southern Ore
gon college.
Writing Project
Winners Noted
White City Awards have
been announced for the lfilh
annual contest of the Hos
pitalized Veterans Writing
project, developed to encour
age hospitalized veterans to
try creative writing for rec
reation and rehabilitation
Winners at the While City
Domiciliary include Victor M.
Muck who won an award for
his article. "Journey from Af
rica." and James Joseph Gil
Inn, who won fourth prize in
the section for "Outline of
Book I'd Like to Write," and
an honorary award for the
first chapter of the book. He
also won a prize for a charac
ter sketch entitled "He Made
His Own Human Relations."
and an honorary award for I
book review.
Other local winners were
Thomas W. Graff Jr. who won
seven prizes and two honor
ary awards, and Edward L.
, Robinson, winner of third
place in the competition of
: stories for young people.
Judges for the contest in
cluded Ogdin Nash, Jacque
line Corhran. Harry Golden,
Ellery Queen, Bennett Cerf,
and Richard Armour, among
other Writing aids for the
hy elum-
Phi. na-
women
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