Ruanda -
Edilor'i not: Today, two
yean to the day after Iht
'former Belgian Congo re
ceived its Independence,
two African trust territo
ries, Ruanda-Urundi, are
scheduled to become inde
pendent. In the following
dispatch, UPI correspondent
Laurence Meredith reports
that the two territories, like
The Congo, may find inde
pendence means a period of
political and economic
chaos and perhaps blood
shed.) By LAURENCE MEREDITH
United Press International
Today is the "deadline
for freedom" for Ruanda
Urundi, a rich and beauti
ful land in central Africa
on the slopes of the fabled
mountains of the moon and
inhabited by giants and
pygmies.
Observers are fearful of
birth pangs not unlike
those the former Belgian
Congo has suffered since it
obtained independence two
years ago - also on July 1.
Unlike most of the emerg
ing independent African
states, the 4.8 million peo
ple of the twin trust terri
tories are having freedom
thrust upon them by the
United Nations. On the de
cisions reached in the Gen
eral Assembly will depend
whether tribal hatreds and
an untrained civil admin
istration will produce an
other Congo.
Supported By Grants
At best, the indepen
dent governments of the
two territories will have to
be supported by large grants
of money for some years to
come.
Since the Germans first
set up a colonial administra
tion in 1907, the twin terri
tories of Ruanda - Urundi
a single unit. And this pol
icy was followed by the
Belgians when they took
over the country under a
League of Nations man
date in 1919.
Today the two territo
ries insist on going their
separate ways into inde
pendence, despite their lack
of financial viability and
size (they total only 29,000
square miles).
. Compelled To Recognize
This unpalatable fact the
United Nations commission
"was compelled to recog
nize when it visited the ter
ritories last March. The
commission in its report
said they had "failed to
overcome the psychosis of
mutual distrust which has
prevented the two sides
from taking a clearer view
of their long term Inter
ests." So, they will become sep
arately independent as Ru
anda (in some spelling Rw
anda) and Burundi.
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Urundi May Suffer Birth Pangs' Much As Congo Did
w n e n or rmany con
quered the territories at the
beginning of the century
they were ruled over by two
monarchies claiming di
vine origin going back over
three centuries.
Three Main Tribes
The population consists
of three tribes the Twa
Pygmies, less that five feet
high; the Watutsi, who are
thought to have come or
iginally from Ethiopia and
are a giant people many
over seven feet high, and
the Bahutu, who are Ban
tus. There are some 50,000
Pygmies and about 700,000
Watutsi. The Watutsi have
Dr. Trost Returns
From Kansas City
Research Post
Ashland - Dr. Frederick
J. Trost, associate professor
of social science at Southern
Oregon college, recently re
turned from Kansas City, Mo.,
where he served six months as
a senior research associate
for a special experimental
project on the reduction of
juvenile delinquency.
The project was sponsored
by the Ford Foundation: and
the Kansas City Trust and
Foundation.
Dr. Trost worked with Dr.
Robert Havighurst, professor
of education at the Universi
ty of Chicago, who served
as research consultant. Trost
also instructed a course on in
dividual inventory on re
search techniques at the Uni
versity of Kansas City.
Purpose of Experiment
Purpose of the eight-year
experiment is to reduce the
amount of juvenile delinquen
cy in Kansas City by provid
ing boys who are vulnerable
to delinquency with a better
opportunity for growth into
adulthood through combining
school with work experience.
The hypothesis is that boys
vulnerable to delinquency
will become less delinquent if
they are given a systematic
work experience commencing
as early as age 13 or 14 and
continued until they reach 17
or 18, Dr. Trost said.
A number of such boys
were selected from the sev
enth grades of the four Kan
sas City junior high schools
and were divided into an ex
perimental and a control
group. The experimental
group was given a work-study
program organized through
the schools while the control
group pursued regular class
room activities. The amount
of delinquency and the quali
ty of initial adult adjustment
will be compared.
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been the ruling tribe, lit
erally enslaving the others
until as late as 1923. But
both the Twa and the tall
Watulsis are vastly out
numbered by the Uahuiu,
who number roughly 4.5
million and make up the
majority of the population.
During tqc mandate the
Belgians encouraged the
Bahutu majority and pour
ed in an average of $42 mil
lion a year to balance an
unbalanceable budget.
Spontaneous Uprising
When in 1959 the Bel
gians indicated it was time
the people of the two ter
ritories had self - govern
ment, the Watutsi thought
this meant the return of the
ancient days of their gran
deur and unlimited pow
er. The Bahutu took fright
and there was a spontane
ous and bloody uprising
against the Watutsi, par
ticularly in Ruanda.
The situation in Ruanda
was made worse by the
death of the king or mwa
mi, Mutara III in July,
1959,after 28 years' reign.
The new mwami was a
young man, Kigcri V, in
whom neither the people
nor the administration had
any confidence.
A few months later Ki
gcri was forced into exile.
The Belgians formed a
parmehutu council aid gov
ernment for Ruanda under)
Grcgoire Kayabanda.
Administration Untrained
Kayabanda has been de
scribed as a Roman Catholic
and an able man, but both
he and his cabinet are dan
gerously untrained in ad
ministration. In Burundi the situation
was entirely different. The
mwami, Mwambutsa IV,
had great influence and wes
democratic in outlook. He
had been king since 1915
when he was four years old.
He is content to be a con
stitutional monarch instead
of a feudal tyrant. He is
oflon seen dancing and
playing the drums in one of
Usumburu's lakeshore night
clubs.
In Burundi the Bahutu
revolt was less vicious since
there was not the hatred
and feeling of insecurity
that existed in Ruanda.
Differences Are Softened
Social and tribal differ
ences have been softened
Burundi by inter-marriage.
The political parties are
not drawn strictly on tribal
lines.
In mid-19fil the Belgians
formed a national govern
ment out of the 24 political
parlies in Burundi with
strong Wahutu participa
tion. This was followed by
a national election which
the Bahutu, by sheer mis
management, lost to the
Watutsi party led by
e
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Prince Rwagasore, eldest
son of the mwami.
Little more than three
weeks after becoming pre
mier. Prince Rwagasore
was assassinated by an un
known gunman. The Wa
tutsis blamed the Bahutu
and relations between the
two tribe worsened.
Unity Not Likely
Now. on the eve of in
dependence, there seems
less likelihood than ever of
the two territories joining
in the United Nations ideal
of "a single united and com
posite stale."
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SATISFACTION
Ruanda has prepared to
sever all links with Burun
di. Arrangements have
been made for all Ruanda
exports to be routed through
Uganda, replacing the tra
ditional trade route through
the Burundi commercial
capital of Usumburu.
From turbulent Ruanda,
the white exodus in re
cent weeks has been huge
and, to some extent, fran
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The majority of the 7.
000 white residents of the
tw o territories, mainly
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their homes. Most will go if
and when the Belgian
troops leave
The Belgian authorities,
however, have said they
are wilting to stay on and
finish the $3H million 10
year investment plan
which can produce no divi
dends for Belgium. The
United Nations is now fac
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fact that the only way or
der can be guaranteed in
the two territories is by
keeping the Belgian troops.
If the Belgian troops are
withdrawn only a handful
of half0- trained African
gendanr.es will remain in
both territories. It is not
believed they could cope
with the dispossessed Wa
tutsi minorities who are
nursing their vengeance
and, their leaders have in
dicatend. awaiting the hour
of independence to pay off
old scores in blood.
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