4 A
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S)CTIN
Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 years ego.
FLIGHT OF TIME
10 YEARS AGO
Plans to bring television to
Medford during the Republic
an and Democratic National
conventions fell through with
the announcement that techni
cal difficulties would make
the project virtually impos
sible. Authorization for construc
tion of the new union term
inal building at the Medford
municipal airport received
from Civil Aeronautics admin
istration. 20 YEARS AGO
June 26. 1942 (Friday)
Bureau of census report
shows average Orogonian
paid $10.03 a month for rent
during 1940.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "The
weather is appercntly doing
nothing to pears but making
big ones out of little ones. Po
tatoes are reported to be suf
fering the same fate."
30 YEARS AGO
June 26, 1932 (Sunday)
Chandler Egan, Medford,
holds five up lead in semi
final opponent after 18 holes
In Pacific Northwest Golf as
sociation tournament in Port
land. National Democratic party
convention nominates New
York Gov. Franklin D. Roose
vclt and Speaker of the House
John Nance Garner for presi
dent and vice president.
40 YEARS AGO
June 26, 1922 (Monday)
Temperature reaches 108 in
Medford, one degree below
all-time high set in August,
1820.
Medford realtor offers to
turn Rogue valley ranches
over to persons who will use
a portion of crops grown to
pay tor the property.
50 YEARSAGO
June 26, 1912 (Wednesday)
Democratic party nominates
Woodrow Wilson for presi
dent on 4(Hh ballot; Gov.
Thomas R. Marshall of Indi
ana nominated for vice presi
dent What's Your I.Q.7
Nine or ten correct it superior;
stven or eight ii excellent; live or
six is good.
i. .uno the piulcsslunal
football team that plays for
Baltimore.
2. Dried coconut meat,
from which coconut oil is ex
pressed, is known us what'.'
a. What is an unusually
larRc or fine crop called.'
4. What Asiatic country
once held a mandate over
the Marshall, Caroline and
Mariana groups of Pacific is
lands? 5. Does the State of Ha
waii have one, or two, mem
bers in the U. S. House of
Representatives?
ti. Ill which city is the Bas
tille?
7. In what war did the bat
tle of San Juan Hill occur.'
8. Who wrote under the
pen name "Uncle Remus.'"
B. In what scientific field
is the name of Lee DcForest
prominent?
10. What body gets between
the moon and the sun to
cause a lunar eclipse?
Answers: 1, Colli. 2. Copra.
3. Bumper crop. 4. Japan. S.
One. 6. Paris, France. 7. Spanish-American.
8. Joel Chand
ler Harris. 9. Wireless tele
phony. 10. The earth.
TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1962
Whither WallStwrt
"A bull market will be sweeping along and
then something will happen trivial or important
and first one man will
sell, and the continuity
prices is broken."
That's Bernard B.
sudden market breaks,
migrations of birds or the mass performances of
whole species of ocean eels.
Figuratively speaking, Baruch's "first man"
started selling in late November, when the bull
market which had been building since September,
I960, reached its peak. But no real sell-off came
then. The sharp break came in mid-March, when
Baruch's "first man" and the "others" got to sell
ing in earnest. There followed four major set
backs; three minor rallies.
THE culmination on May 28 saw $20.8 billion
in paper profits taken out of stock values in
one day. It was trie widest one-aay snue since
Oct. 28, 1929, when the Dow-Jones industrial
average had dropped 38.33 points. The slump on
this year's Black Monday was 34.95 points in
the Dow-Jones averace.
The trading on May 28 was the highest since
July 21, 19339,350,000 shares. Almost 16,500,
000 shares had been unloaded on Black Thurs
day, Oct. 29, 1929.
From Dec. 13 through May 28 the Dow-Jones
average dropped 157.98 points. The drop in the
first stage of the 1929 crash, Sept. 3 to Nov. 13,
had been 182.48 points.
BUT now comes what appears to be a miracle.
Af ol-innf nnftll Matr 90 rtlrr invpafnrc Gllfrrprl
into the market in search of bargains. The volume
of sales, 14,750,000 was the second highest in
history. The Dow-Jones average rose 27.03 points
on the day. Shares on the New York Stock Ex
change appreciated by $14.7 billion in paper
value. One finanical writer called it "the most
fantastic recovery in modern history."
What happened had many of the classic
aspects of the end of a bear market. The Me
morial Day holiday gave investors an opportunity
to reflect; time is a useful antidote to panic.
I UST as price declines
tagious, so a sudden
may be, especially such
May 29. But previous apparent selling climaxes
had been reached on the
on May 1.
On the bullish side are corporation earnings
reports for the first quarter of 1961, many of
which set new records: If unemployment is high,
so is employment. rrocluction continues to build
except in spotty areas like steel. Detroit is begin
ning to speak of a 7-milIion car year, which
would be the second highest on record.
Normally perhaps as much as one-third of all
common stocks are held by such institutional in
vestors as banks, insurance companies, college
endowment funds, mutual funds, pension funds,
and profit-sharing trusts.
Many of these moved
up banKers-iooK stocks,
Services, a $1 billion outfit, is reported to have
put $20 million into the market on May 28 and 29.
Other 1929-1962 diilerences are too numerous
to detail; it suffices, perhaps, just to express
prayerful thanks that they do exist. E.R.R.
Red China's
Red China uses boundary disputes to raise
or lower international tension just as Premier
Khrushchev manipulates access to West Berlin
for a like purpose. Right now, Chinese Com
munists are tuniinir up the heat along their border
with Kashmir while damping flames along their
border with Nepal.
Nepal and Red China in 19G0 engaged in a
brief spat over claims to Jit. Everest, which strad
dles the Nepalese-Tibetan border, but the matter
was settled by boundary treaty last October. Ac
tual demarkation of this boundary will begin
at the end of June, with Chinese and Nepalese
teams erecting one hundred pillars along the
boundary at points where misunderstandings had
been possible.
CUC1I evidences of accommodation arc viewed
with suspicion in India, which thinks the Oc
tober treaty gave Red China some territory to
which it was not entitled. Nepal is the buffer
state which shields India's heartland, the Ganges
Valley, from Communist China.
During recent months, India has charged Red
China with "repeated encroachments" upon In
dian territory in the Ladakh area of Kastern
Kashmir. New Delhi maintains that Kashmir is
part of India, but Peking has refused to recognize
Indian sovereignty over the disputed area and, in
fact, has agreed to negotiate part of the Kashmir
border matter with Pakistan. Pakistan of course
welcomes the Red Chinese position and relations
between the two nations have become so cozy that
there is now talk of pos.-ihlo economic aid' from
Peking to Pakistan.
What it all adds up to is part of the Chinese
enigma. Put it looks very much like a squeeze
play on India, designed 'to sfaiin relations be
tween the Indians and the neiirhborinir govern
ments of Pakistan and
sell and then others will
of thought toward higher
Baruch's explanation of
which he likens to "the
are self-feeding and con-
restoration of confidence
a massive one as that of
long way down, notably
into the market to pick
investors uiversitieci
Boundaries
Nepal. K.R.R.
w t w HP
task ; ' I IffSfi'
COMMUNICATIONS
Letters to the Editor must bear the
although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial
for publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to
edit all letters with j view to clarification and condensation. Letters
submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed in this column do not necessarily represent the views of the
paper; In fact the contrary is often the case.
Under Pressure
To the Editor: Congress is
now under terrific pressure
to pass the President's Trade
Bill. Kennedy and his white
House staff of "Onc-World-
Welfare-State" Fabian Social
Strictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
(c Field Enterprises Inc.
TERM OUTDATED
About a quarter-century
ago, W. H. Audcn, the British
poet, termed the 20th century
"The Age of
j?f Anxiety." The
J phrase took
li hold; in fact,
y Leonard Bern-
j stein titled his
symphony No.
2 "The Age of
S A n x i e t y "
J when he com
n n c n rl il in
llarla 1949.
I think the term is outdated.
In the last half-dozen years,
we have gone beyond the Age
of Anxiety, and we have en
tered the Age of Schizophre
nia, Our personalities are
no longer merely disturbed
they are split, from top to bot
tom, among the leaders and
the people.
To me, the most obvious
and appalling evidence of this
schizophrenia can be seen in
the hydrogen bomb testing by
both sides. The split between
what we know and what we
do was badly and accurately
summed up by Ambassador
Lall of India at Geneva this
spring, when he said:
"It will be of no help to
the future to say that the
purpose of further testing
was a 'search for security.'
No security can be found
in this way and the lead
ers of both sides have said
so. The leaders of both sides
have said that there can be
no security through the per
fection of weapons of mass
destruction."
Ambassador Lall contin
ued: "This is such a basic
contradiction that it tre
mendously increases the ap
prehension of the world.
Obviously we are standing
near a very dangerous prec
ipice if the very countries
which announce that they
cannot find security in the
development of weapons
still go ahead and develop
weapons of mass destruc
tion further and further."
What George Orwell called
"Double Think" in his satire,
"1!)R4," has come to reality
20 years earlier than he
thought. In their speeches,
both President Kennedy and
Premier Khrushchev agree
that atomic war would bo
suicide, that no nation could
be the "victor." that was as
an instrument of national pol
icy is no longer feasible.
I Nevertheless and "never
! theless" is always the sign ot
I schizophrenia both countries
i are going ahead with the
jspiraling arms race, both are
; testing, both nre preparing
j furiously for "defense" in a
war which cannot be defend
ed It is the ultimate irony
i that all we can auroe upon is
that everybody will lose.
' If an individual behaved
that way, he would promptly
be placed in a mental institu
tion. But when nations be
, have as irrationally, their
'sanity is hardly questioned -i
and those few who dare to
question it are branded as
j lacking in "patriotism" The
world, as Balac grimly pre
dieted, is becoming an insane
I asylum run by the inmates.
name and address ot the writer.
ists want this dictatorial
power over our tariffs more
than anything else. The situ
ation is desperate for this na
tion. Here's why:
Since the Reciprocal Trade
act was passed in 1S34, tar
iffs on foreign imports have
been reduced 80 per cent,
making U.S. tariffs among the
lowest in the world. Still
furthering of tariffs will accel
erate the tortent of cheap la
bor goods already destroying
American industry by pouring
into American markets. More
and more American employ
ees will be added to the army
of unemployed. Relief bur
dens will push taxes up at
the same time income is go
ing down. The fire of infla
tion will be fanned, eating
mercilessly into our savings
and the fixed incomes of our
retired old folks.
And after the nation has
been fatally weakened, the
Harvard "Experts" surround
ing President Kennedy will
offer the only "logical cure"-
incorporation of our once su
premely strong and glorious
nation into a World Govern
ment already being called
"Euramerica."
Fifteen NATO countries
signed the "Declaration of
Paris" last January, so Eur
america is not just specula
tion. It is to be a Super Gov
ernment which would have a
monopoly in heavy arma
ments, including nuclear wea
pons. It would absorb all
U.S. Armed Forces. Its World
Court would issue "Decisions"
superseding our own deci
sions. (There goes our Con
nally Amendment). It would
put the United States into an
economic, political, and mili
tary straight jacket. It would j
strip us of our national sov-i
ereignty, and abolish U.S. in- j
dependence. i
The Onc-worlders are j
pushing proposals that would j
give this "new nation" the
power to levy taxes, issue
currency, regulate commerce,
set standards of social services
for all member nations, and
to accept other nations, pre
sumably even Communist na
tions, as members. The Com
mon Market is the nucleus
around which this new "Super
Nation" will be built. Presi
dent Kennedy's Trade Bill
would be our first and fatal
step into the trap being set
for us.
Folks. "Euramerica'' is not
your America. II is a death
trap for our country. Every
alerted citizen should imme
diately write, wire, or phone
his Congressman to oppose
this monstrous, "grab- for-
i power" President's Traoe Bui.
L. C. Powell
.116 SE Eighth st.
Grants Pass, Ore.
Finding A Haven
To the Editor-When people
get old, they start, as a rule,
i to think about where the soul
lis going to find its haven.
' when the body stops to func
i tion. That is. the religious
' person docs, whether be be a
j Christian. Mohammedan, or
what.
Now it so happens that I
am neither, but for 50 years
or more I have taken great
, interest in scientific subjects,
i astronomy in particular and
anthropology in general.
1 can recall reading Haeck
el's (Earnest Ilaeekel. a Ger
man scientist. lS;t4 l!119) "The
Riddle of tlie I'niverse" back
in 1904. It made a very deep
impression on my mind. In
fact, it destroyed my belief
i in a lot of religious supersti
i Hon w hich I might have har
j bored before.
i Recently 1 have read a cou
ple of the latest books out
on astronomy, one. "Pie
; Changing Universe" and the
other. "Our Fmeriins I'm-
1 verse.'' They tell of billions
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Quemoy, Matsu Island Flare Ups Can
Be Counted On in Two-Year Cycles
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign News Analyst
The story of the Nationalist
held Quemoy and Matsu is
lands off the Red Chinese
main land can
be counted up
on to flare up
in roughly 2
y e a r cycles.
The Reds car
ried out their
first heavy
bombardment
of Quemoy in
1954. In 19S6.
I
Newsom c o I n c I ding
closely with a visit of Vice
President Richard Nixon to
Formosa, there were ominous
reports of feverish Red activ
ity, including the construction
of a strategic railway into
Amoy and of 10 new airfields
opposite Formosa.
In 1958, spurred by reports
of a further Red Chinese build
up and Peiping radio broad
casts that a "landing on Que
moy is imminent," the United
States placed the 7th Fleet
and the 5th Air Force on alert
and began escorting National
ist supply ships into Quemoy.
Welcome for Ike
In 1960, the Communists
welcomed a visit by President
Eisenhower to Formosa with
a massive bombardment of
Quemoy, labeled by the Pres
Washington Report
By William
to United Feature Syndicate
JUDGING A NATION
Washington - If a man is
known by the company he
keeps, may a nation be
judged by the
kind of trou
ble which
"?V really stirs it
the most? The
2 kind of trou-
" ble whicli we
allow to con
cern us most
a r g ues little
for the wis
dom of our
choices and even less for the
maturity of our judgment, the
perceptiveness of our discrim
ination and depth of our na
tional understanding and com
passion. For what seems clearly
most of all to bother us will
not be the possibility of nu
clear war that could destroy
the world. Rather, it is the
possibility of a recession that
could at worst compromise
our prosperity, reduce all
profits and eliminate some,
of burning suns In far off
space, of exploding galaxies:
stars and universes in their
death throes, and stars and
universes being born. Where
a person reads such matter,
if he is a religious character
and cannot shake his belief
about a future life, it is bound
to make him think something
like, "How far will I have
to travel when I leave this
world?"
Now, some of these galaxies
are 60,000 light years away
off in space. Which makes
quite a trip. A light year is
the distance light travels in
one year at the rate of 186,000
miles per second. Imagine
that!
Of course the Christian's
heaven might be located on
another planet in our own
galaxy, the Milky Way. Even
at that, the soul may have a
long trip to travel as some
of the stars in the Milky Way
are many light years ago.
The nearest star to our solar
system is four light years
awav. So that, if our can
didate for heaven is going
to have a future biologic ex
istence similar to that on
this earth, on another planet,
it is believed by most astron
timers that such planets exist
in outer space, ad infinitum
In other words, in our fa
ther's house are many man
sions.
Which makes me wonder-
can it be that there is a hea
ven for me too, in spite of the
fact that I don't admit I am
a sinner? Well, the words of
tlie scientist are based on
facts,
faith.
Religion is a blind
John E. Ring
1040 West 1Kb st.
Medford.
Wonders What Bible
To the Editor: Your can-
I ncd" lead editorial of Sunday
quotes Dr. Fred C. Schwarz
i as calling himself "a narrow
minded. Bible-believing Bap
tist." He claims this is tlie j
j basis of his anti-Communist j
crusade.
I I wonder what Bible Dr. !
Schwarz believes. 1 can find
no place in my Kinc James j
Bible where God promised to
serve America or freedom of
the Western world from Com
munism. Most orthodox teaco
ers believe Communism will
be defeated at the battle of
A m a g e d d o n. The Bible
: teaches the present World Or-
j der will be destroyed by God.
I It offers men. as individuals.
I escape from that wrath. It
says nothing about nian-ied
crusadv;
Parker Bailey
! tiJS B Street
i Ashland. Ore.
-s4
..in
ident "a deliberately aggres
sive act."
This history of events in
volving the tiny islands less
than half a dozen miles off
the mainland is recited now in
relation to the excitement
generated over the last week
as result of the latest reports
of a Red buildup in Fukien
province.
These report said the Red
Chinese had massed the big
gest military force since the
Korean War on the coastline
opposite Formosa. The forces
were estimated at 400,000
ground troops and 300 aircraft
"mostly of the fighter type."
Early speculation was that
the Reds were posing a new
threat to Quemoy and the
Matsus. Later it was decided
that the lack of any visible
concentration of shipping
meant that the Reds actually
were preparing to defend
themselves against an inva
sion attempt by Chiang Kai
shek forces from Formosa.
Preventive Measure
This later line of specula
tion, however, did not rule
out a Red attack on the off
shore islands as a preventive
measure.
In early 1955 Eisenhower
asked and received from Con
gress approval in advance of
S. White
and put some of our people
out of work.
rTHESE melancholy reflec
tions arise from a column-
its's memories of public atti
tudes as they were sensed
only eight or nine months ago
and from the same columnist's
estimates of the public atti
tudes of today.
Then, sober and informed
men in Washington were
aware, and were saying with
little short and private dis
pair, that before the last
leaves of that autumn had
fallen one of two of the most
dreadful alternatives in hu
man history might befall this
country: a tacit surrender, by
way of appeasement, to So
viet imperialism in Berlin; or
a war of unimaginable fe
rocity to sustain the integrity
and honor of the free world.
By luck perhaps-by allied
efforts perhaps-but certainly
by the grace of providence,
this turned out to have been
far too gloomy a view. All
the same, at the time the pos
sibilities then seen were clear
and imminent and factually
unchallengeable.
TUT what was the country's
" response? So far as this
correspondent could judge,
from many conversations with
many people and from letters
from a great many more, the
public in general was by no
means deeply exercised.
Now, turn forward from
last fall to this early summer
of the present year. The stock
market has undeniably been
falling in a distinctly uncom
fortable if not indeed in an
alarming way. Certain kinds
of hard-core unemployment
still exists and, for various
causes, may be spreading here
and there. Lack of economic
confidence in the Kennedy ad
ministration unarguably ex
ists among businessmen and
tliis is unarguably bad, just
ified or not.
Along with all this, how
ever, are certain incontest
able facts:
Industrial production in the
last reporting month, May,
went to a record high. Auto
mobile assemblies rose. So did
automobile sales. Output of
home goods, of industrial,
commercial and farm machin
ery and of freight and trans
portation equipment, also
rose. Total employment was
at or near a record high.
VOW, none of this is said
' to suggest that everything
in the economy is just peachy
and that there is no room or
need for improvement or for
rational and reasonable con
cern. Still, the great central
truth does remain that even
if the business scene were in
comparably worse than it is
or is ever likely to be, the
situation of the people is in
finitely better than it was last
fa!!.
But what do we now do?
Do we thank fate and fortune
and God that we now stand
where we do on life's truly
great and mortal issues the
preservation of freedom and
of peace, if only a kind of
peace?
No, we could not get very
moved in that autumn time
when it seemed possible that
the whole world might be
hroken apart in smoke and
flame. But we are dreadfully
excited, and generally and
excessively worried, now that
it seems possible just pos
s'ble that many of us may
lose some of our luxuries and
that some of us might just
might lost our jobs for a
little while.
Can a nation be judged by
the kind of thing it permits
itself to fear the most?
any military measures he
might have to take to protect
Formosa and the Pescadores
in the Formosa Strait. Whe
ther this was to include Que
moy and the Matsus remained
an administration secret.
Since then, the Nationalists
and the Reds have engaged in
Matter of Fact
(ci New York Herald
AN ISLE HE NEVER MADE
Washington - A little more
is now knowa about the Chi
nese Communists' military
build-up in Fukien province,
on the Formosa Strait. A very
large force of
about 400,000
men is now de
ployed there,
disposed
in depth along
ihe coast for
120
miles from
the Amoy
Quemoy area
Alsnp
northwards. MIG-19 air untis
have also moved into the Fu
kien airfields.
The best hunch, which is all
anyone can have as yet, re
mains that the purpose of the
build-up is primarily defen
sive. The reinforcement of Fu
kien began in March, consid
erably after Generalissimo
Chiang Kai-shek began talk
ing seriously about a return to
the mainland this year.
The extended Communist
deployment from the Amoy
Quemoy area northwards has
a defensive look, so far as it
can be judged, which is not
very far. The disposition of
the force in depth, from the
coastline inwards to the
north-south mountain chain
that divides Fukien from the
rest of China, again looks like
a precautionary measure. It
could be aimed, in fact, to pre
vent a popular rising that
might otherwise be sparked
by the arrival of Nationalist
air-dropped troops on the
mainland.
NONETHELESS, a great un
certainty remains. The
Peking government may be
exclusively motivated by fear
of a landing by Chiang in a
time of deep and increasing
peasant wretchedness and
discontent. But Peking's de
fensive plans may all too eas
ily include a spoiling attack
on the offshore islands in the
Formosa Strait, and particu
larly on Quemoy. Such an at
tack would be intended to
throw Chiang Kai-shek off
balance and thus forestall
him.
During the campaign. Pres
ident Kennedy voiced the
opinion that Quemoy and the
other offshore islands were
superfluous positions which
might well be abandoned. In
so doing, it should be noted,
the President was merely
echoing the view of the late
John Foster Dulles, whose fin
est feat as Secretary of Slate
was the successful defense of
these same islands in the Que
moy crisis in 1958.
The Communists' first at
tack on Quemoy was made in
1949, when the Nationalist
armies were still in flight to
Formosa. Substantial Nation
alist forces had tht.i been left
behind on Quemoy, Tne Com
munist attack, which was ill
prepared, was repulsed by the
Nationalists with a total Com
munist loss of close to 20,000
men. Hence the offshore is
lands remained in Nationalist
hands; but in the Truman
years hardly any troops were
stationed on Quemoy, which
PS
Try and Stop
-By BENNETT CERF
PARKE CUMMINGS selects these paragraphs from tha
prospectuses of three new clubs he scarcely thinks he'll
join: 1. Flabbiness doesn't last long at the Casa Blanc
Hideaway Club. The 9:30
curfew is strictly en
forced, and members
arise at the stroke of
5:30. After a 4 -mile
cross-country jaunt
through the hills followed
by a plunge into Dare
devils Pool's icy water
. . . 2. The Classical So
ciety does more than de
mand Latin essays of its
members at each meet
ing. Conversation is car
ried on exclusively in
Latin, and the waiters
understand no other lan
guage ... 3. All subscribers to the Platter Club are supplier,
each month with a record by each of these outstanding
quartets: the Screamers, the Loonys, the Hoopies, the Ja:l
Breakers . . .
Hetty Green, th tight-fisted lady who inherited a fortune rf
fifty million dollars and doubled it without ask-r.g anybouy fori
advice, wore the same dress for twenty years, did business fun,
her home to save the cost of an office, and usually carried A
revolver In her pocketbook. She explained that it wasn't buil4iJ
she feared, but lawyers I
It was his father's birthday, and 7-year-oM Timothy Oivs-rt
insisted on shining his shoes as a gift. Reluctantly Father Ol
son, already late for the office, took off his shoes ami hamM
them to his son. They were returned in due couisc gltster.ir.i
black.
"Great work. Tim." enthused the fa'.hr thsn whimpered 13
his wife, "Well, there goes my only pair of brown oxfoi is!"
C lSS. by Bennett Ctrl. D...butci by K.ni Feitorei Sinlui'.e
a propaganda war involving
hot words but little action.
Any Nationalist attack on
the mainland seems highly
unlikely at present. Without
U. S. opposition, the Reds un
doubtedly could take both
Quemoy and the Matusus but
at some cost.
By Joseph Alsop
Tribune Syndicate
Chiang Kai-shek then regard
ed as indefensible and there
fore expendable.
THE Dulles-Eisenhower "un
leashinp" nf rhlnnn v-i-
shek was the signal, however,
for a powerful build-up by
Chiang of large military fore,
es on the offshore islands.
This was the origin of
Chiang's commitment to de.
fend the islands.
Secretary Dulles did not
impede the build-up; but in
the first offshore islands crisis
he compelled Chiang to evac.
uate the most exposed ot
these positions, the Tachen
islets. After the second off.
shore isla.ids crisis in 1958,
Dulles also pleaded with Chi
ang personally and sent emis
saries to plead for a retreat
from Quemoy and the Matsu
islands.
This is worth recalling, be
cause Secretary Dulles also
persuaded the reluctant Presi
dent Eisenhower to run great
risks to defend these same is
lands, which he begged Chi.
ang to evacuate as soon as
they were no longer threaten,
ed.
In other words, Dulles had
no fear of a voluntary with
drawal, carried out when the
threat to the islands had been
repelled. iut he judged that
the whole situation in Asia
would come to pieces like a
rotten melon dropped from a
third-story window, if the
Chinese Communists were
permitted to seize the off
shore islands at gunpoint.
TY THE TIME President
" Kennedy took office, tha
Asian situation had deterior
ated seriously, because of tha
collapse o f t h e Eisenhower
policy in Laos and the rising
threat to South Viet Nam.
This was the somber context
of the review of the offshore
islands problem conducted by
the President in person, with
all his highest advisors, just
twelve months ago. The ques
tion, of course, was whether
to try to c o m p e 1 Chiang to
evacuate.
There was no great likeli
hood that Kennedy's pressure
on Chiang would succeed
where the pressure of Dulles
had failed. Chiang might hava
been faced with an America:
disclaimer of responsibility
for the offshore islands, but
this would have amounted to
an invitation to a Communist
attack. In view of the deterior
ated Asian situation, a major
Asian retreat, or seeming re
treat, appeared to be ex
trcmely dangerous, for just
the reasons that made Dulles
take a hard line in the 1958
Quemoy crisis. Hence Presi
dent Kennedy did nothing.
In consequence, the Presi
dent will be confronted witlt
a choice like the 1958 choice,
if the Communist build-up in
Fukien leads on to a third as
sault on Quemoy. As already
noted, the best hunch still is
that the Peking leaders do
not plan an assault. But tha
possibility oi an assault n
quite strong enough to justify
analysis of the factors in the
problem; and this will be at
tempted in a further report.
MISTER
t