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March 3. 1897
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Flight o' Time
Mcdlord nd Jackson County
History from the files of Tin
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 yaars ago.
1010 YEARS AGO
June 21, 1952 (Saturday)
A clear plastic balloon
travelling eastward at great
heights over the valley Is an
object of considerable curios
ity. Monkey escapes from local
pet shop and hides In tree;
police warned not to go up
the tree after him, but to
wait until he comes down
and try to trap him.
20 YEARS AGO
June 21. 1942 (Sunday)
Excellent cooperation re
ported by Jackson county
committee collecting funds for
USO building in Medford.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "Wear
ers of Ice cream suits wish
they were electrically heated
and are viewing next winter's
aliened fuel Shortage With
alurm."
30 YEARS AGO
June 21. 1932 (Tuesday)
Members of county Junior
American Legion baseball
team named; group Includes
Ed Simmons, first base; Galen
Knox, centerfield; Robert
Smith, center field; and Thom
as White, second base.
Major distributors here
announce increase in price of
gasoline to 23 cents a gallon.
40 YEARS AGO
June 21, 1922 (Wedneiday)
Oakland, Calif., tourist
reaches Crater lake by car
after "battling through snow
drifts for five days" on trip
from Klamath Falls; receives
silver cup for effort from
Klamath Falls businessmen.
Temperature of 1 0 2 'S here
establishes all-time high on
local records; second day in
row in which temperature
reaches more than 100.
SO YEARS AGO
June 21. 1912 (Friday)
Local motorcylist believed
to have been traveling "a
fast as 60 miles an hour
when chased by Medford po
lice chief for speeding.
Medford Driving club pro
motes series of excursions to
valley towns to publicize
club's Fourth of July auto
races.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nine or ten correct is superior;
seven or eight Is excellent; five or
six Is good.
1. Is the fetlock of a horse
on its head, back, or foot?
2. Name the baseball sta
dium in which the San Fran
cisco Giants play their home
giimts.
3. What is the principal ag
ricultural crop of Egypt?
4. What are cats setae?
5 Does the Constitution of
the United States stipulate the
number of members of the
President's Cabinet?
6. How many zeros added
after the figure 1 represent a
quintillion?
7. Which animal sleeps sus
pended upside down?
8. What is the name for
the side of a right-angled tri
angle that is opposite the
right angle?
9. Which State of the Union
was principally developed by
the Mormons?
10. On what date in 1946
did the Philippine Republic
become an independent na
tion? Answers: 1. Fool. 2. Candle
stick Park. 3. Cotton. 4. Whis
kers. 5. No. 6. Eighteen. 7.
The sloth. 8. Hypotenuse. 9.
Utah. 10. July 4, 1946.
THURSDAY. JUNE 21. 1962
How Now Small Investor?
The Stock Market
another Wall Street cliche false
uns, "When the market
r
pages, the worst is over.
The market has been Page 1 news, day in and
day out, since Black Monday, May 28. The trad
ing on that day was the highest since July 21,
1933 9,350,000 shares. The slide was the sharp
est in a single day since Oct. 28, 1929; the slump
was 34.95 points in the Dow-Jones industrial
average.
The experts are still disagreeing about why
the market has been so bearish since mid-March.
The consensus is that professional investors an
ticipated something the
ket has many sensitive
it appears that as usual,
in the neck.
THE New York Stock
leased interim findings in a study of the tre
mendous activity of May 28, 29, and 31 (May 30
was a holiday and the exchange was closed).
It was the busiest period since October, 1929.
About 36 million shares were traded in the three
days. And on balance, the small investor sold on
the decline and bought on the rise. The profes
sionals, naturally, bought
on the rise.
When the big creak
from what the Exchange called "long-term in
vestment accounts held by the public." The sellers
were not necessarily all
deed, the ratio of odd-lots trading to total trans
actions 21.8 per cent was only slightly
higher than the average for 1961. Odd lots are
blocs fewer than 100 snares. They are the media
of the small investor.
A BOUT noon on Tuesday big investors surged
into the market in search of bargains. The
pattern of the trading allows no question that the
small investor was selling. The Dow-Jones indus
trial average rose 27.03 points on the day. The
pattern held on the following day, when the Dow-
jones industrial average
Small investors have
in another way. Mutual
the innocents who want to get their feet wet but
want someone else to hold the hose, have de
preciated more in price during the long sell-off
since mid-December than the Dow-Jones indus
trial average.
"The Wall btreet Journal pointed this out
on June 13. From Dec. 13 to June 11 the Dow
Jones index was down 19.01 per cent. The de
crease in asset value of a few of the mutuals over
the same period: Chemical Fund, 24.92 per cent;
Dreytus Fund, 522.33 per
20.50 per cent; George Putnam, 23.18 per cent.
.....
f-piTT Stl. MavVcr enama In anlinincilorl
i full woll tVlnt rlpcmtp
ness indicators, the creeping boom was slowing
up.
At present unfavorable signs are being given
by a number of usually dependable indicators
unemployment insurance
machinery, plant and
business incorporations,
tory changes, mortgage foreclosures. On the plus
side are weekly hours worked, new jobs, job lay
off rate, construction contracts, new capital ap
propriations and housing starts.
And the weather is favorable. The Trader s
Almanac of Markets" shows that in the -mist 65
years the Dow-Jones industrial average has ad
vanced in 45 Julys and
traditional summer rally, it there is to be one this
year, is due shortly. E.R.R.
A Tacit
In his closing words the counsel for former
Gen. Raoul Salan appealed to the military tribu
nal to "protect the Iragile
The incredible verdict, which appeared to
have overruled a previous death sentence for
Salan which had been pronounced in his absence,
seems scarcely to have served that end. Neverthe
less, the phrase has a
whether applied to b ranee itselt or to Algeria.
IXfHAT the world has witnessed in Algeria was
a tacit armistice, fragile enough to crumble
at any moment. Before the shooting was inter
rupted, Moslems had been killed at the rate of
30 a day for the 10 weeks since the French had
signed the Evian-les-Bains agreement with the
Algerian Provisional Government last March 18.
rF LATE the OAS appears to have given up
its French Algeria policy for one of destruc
tion, burning clown schools, blowing up buildings.
The secret commandos now seem to be bent on
driving the. Europeans back to France, where
they figure to be a continuing source of embar
rassment to De Gaulle.
Some 3,000 Europeans born in Algeria have
been arriving at Oi ly airport in Paris every day.
Thousands land at French seaports in the weeks
left before the Algerian referendum on July 1
at which independence is sure to be voted the
French government plans to use 24 ships to carry
the refugees and to furnish them 4,800 plane
seats.
During the last month leading up to the refer
endum there was hope that European business
men, professional men, and workers would recog
nize their own investment in Algeria and turn
from support of the OAS. Even so, the authori
ties still appear to be hampered by the compla
cence of the French police and the indifference
of the French military professionals. E.U.K. .
proving still
- the one that
hits the newspaper front
public did not; me mai-
antennae, in any event,
the small investor got it
Exchange on June 15 re-
on the decline ana soia
came on Monday it was
small shareholders. In
rose 9.4 points.
been taking it in the neck
funds, those darlings of
cent; Fidelity J) una,
orAnprnlW fuvnvnVilp hnsi-
claims, new orders of
equipment orders, new
business failures, inven
declined in only 20. Ihe
Armistice
unity of f ranee.
real ring of authenticity,
is busily
Scorched-Earth Campaign
Oregon Supreme
Court Decisions
Salem- (UPB -Misrepresenta
tion was involved in the
sale of a 21,000 acre cattle
ranch in Grant county, the
Oregon Supreme Court ruled
Wednesday.
The court, in a unanimous
decision, affirmed Grant
County Circuit Judge R. H.
Foley, and the parties who
filed the suit-B. A. Sweet,
Warren S. Wexler and Wil
liam S. Wyland.
The defendants were Stew
art Livestock Co. and Wayne
C. Stewart, who made the ap
peal from Judge Foley's court.
The high court awarded
$67,650 to Sweet, Wexler and
Communications
Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the writer although undei cer.
tain circumstances the use ot a
pen name vi initial for publica
tion ia permissible. The Mall
Tribune reserves the right to
edit all tetters with an eye to
clarification and condensation.
Letters submitted for publica
tion must not exceed 4UO word
Treasured "Discards"
To the Editor: I wonder how
many people realize in that
box of junk they have dis
carded in the garage, or attic.
or wherever they put those
things they no longer want,
may be a real treasure to
someone else.
My husband was given a
box like that .recently and I
had more fun, washing the
small vases, medium vases,
large vasesone ceramic turtle
planter, one ceramic apple
planter and one antique salt
shaker.
They came at a wonderful
time. I have been sick for
about a month and all those
bright colored vases arid cer
amic planters helped lift my
spirit. '
Maybe you can cheer some
one, as I was cheered, with
something you have discarded.
Mrs. Delbert Casey,
Route 1, Box 358,
Central Point, Ore.
The Next Jesus
To the Editor: The Gentile
does not trust the Jew or
Greek. The Apostle Paul saw
this in his day.
The next Jesus that will be
preached will be Jesus, the
son of the Holy Ghost, and not
Jesus, the Christ, the son of
David, Matthew chp. 1, y. 1,
John chp. 5, v. 37, Acts chp.
26, v. 9. Jesus, the. Christ, is
for the Jews and Greeks.
There are some thnt claim
to be Jews and are not, Rev.
chp. 2, v. 9.
in my opinion most preach
ers and teachers of today are
doing as Peter did (Galatians
chp. 2, v. 11 to 14); they live
as the Gentiles but teach oth
ers to live as a religious per
son ought to live, but they
themselves do not.
Marshall H. Waggoner,
3487 Leonard rd..
Grants Pass, Ore.
Expresses Appreciation
To the Editor: Mrs. Speegle
and I would like to thank all
of the wonderful people who
helped so much during the
tragic Stagecoach Orchards
fire. We also wish to thank
our many friends who gave
help and offered hospitality
after the fire.
All of the fire departments
deserve credit for their re
sponse none of whom were
obligated to come into the rur
al area. The state department
of forestry pumper and watch
man were most welcome. The
Telephone crew was on the
scene and the Pacific Light
and Power crow was very con
siderate in restoring our pow
er at a very lale hour.
Wc do, however, especially
wish to thank the Medford
fire department for actually
saving our home.
Clnutft and Louise
Speegle,
Route 4, Box 317,
Medford,
MEDFORD
Wyland, but eliminated an
other $5,000 involving a tim
ber option, v
One mispresentation was
found by both the lower and
high courts. It was that the
ranch included 1,000 acres of
irrigated meadow land.
The court said that in fact
this was short by 410 acres
and the defendant "could not
have over-e stimated the
amount of land devoted to
hay raising by 400 acres in
complete innocence." The de
cision was written by Justice
Gordon Sloan.
. The ranch also includes
18,000 acres in grazing land
leased from the federal gov
ernment. The ranch is in the
John Day valley, near Day-
ville.
In a 6-1 ruling, the court
gave a fresh warning to mo
torists who crash into the
rear of another car.
William A. Lehr won $7,-
275 for personal injuries suf
fered when his car was hit
in the rear in Portland.
Lehr had stopped at a
crosswalk because school chil
dren were approaching it,
and a truck owned by Gres
ham Berry Growers rammed
Lehr's vehicle.
The majority opinion writ
ten by Justice William Perry
said that when two vehicles
are going in the same direc
tion and in the same lane,
when the rear vehicle hits
the forward vehicle "reason
able minds can only conclude,
in the absence of other cir
cumstances, that the driver
of the following car was
guilty of failure to observe
the statutory requirements."
This is the case. Perry said,
even though the forward car
stops suddenly.
McAllister Dissents
Chief Justice William Mc
Allister dissented, and he was
joined by Justice Kenneth
O'Connell. McAllister said the
questions of negligence of
both drivers and of cause
should have been submitted
to a Jury.
The majority decision af
firmed Multnomah County
Circuit Judge Alfred T. Sul
monctti. Other Decisions:
State vs. Donnie Ray Gard
ner, appellant; appeal from
Linn county; opinion by cruet
Justice McAllister; Judge
Wendell H. Tomkins affirm
ed; conviction of Gardner of
burglary not in a dwelling
affirmed,
E. R. Christenson of Chris
tenson Electric Co, vs. Walter
R. Behrens and Alice M.
Behrens, appellants, General
Sheet Metal Works, Inc., u
W. Paulson Co. and Holly
wood Floors: appeal from
Multnomah County; opinion
by Justice George Rossman;
Judge John J. Murchison re
versed in part; decree tore'
closing three labor and ma
terial liens reversed on two
of three cases.
Grace V. Smith, appelant
vs. B. A. White; appeal from
Yamhill County; opinion by
Justice Hall S. Lusk; Judge
William W. Wells affirmed;
malpractice suit against
chiropractor, judgment In
favor of the defendant doctor
affirmed.
Medford Youth Is
V
Cited Alter Mishap
Earnest Lee Packard, 17, of
417 J st., was cited for failure
to yield the right of way Mon
day after the vehicle he was
operating collided with a car
driven by William Bill Kono
pasek, 57, of 434 Haven st.
The accident occurred at
Haven and Oak sts., Medford
city police said.
A passenger in the Kono
pasek vehicle, Eugene Farrell
McKce. 38. of 111 Renault it.,
suffered a slight Injury in
the mishap, (police said.
MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD,
Two-Pronged Objective Noted
Speeches Given Prior to Rusk
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign News Antlyst
U. S. Secretary of Defense
Robert S. McNamara has dis
closed that in the coming fis
cal year, the
United States
will spend $15
billion on nu
clear weapons.
It is an inter
esting coincl-
CViVa I dence that the
4B) I total French
LU.,leJ budiet for
J
Newsom 1982 calls for
an expenditure of just about
the same amount.
The comparison is note
worthy because McNamara's
disclosure came in a speech,
delivered on the campus of
the University of Michigan,
which was aimed straight at
President Charles de Gaulle
and his determination to de
velop his own nuclear weap
ons system.
McNamara's point was that
such weapons not only are
expensive but unless of a
strength few nations can af
ford, can neither prevent nor
win a war and might even
prove suicidal.
At almost the same time,
speaking at Concord, N. H.,
another high administration
official was warning of the in
creased risk of a war by ac
cident. Secretary of State Dean
Rusk told the New Hamp
shire Council on World Af
fairs that if the present up
ward spiral of nuclear de
structive power continues, by
1968 it could be double what
it is today. The newest battle
field, he said, could be in
space.
Both speeches were on ma
jor public pronouncements
and indicated a two-pronged
objective.
Strictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
(c Field Enterprises Inc.
PEDSONAL PREJUDICES
Some people pay a com
pliment as if they expected
change back; the only merit
in a compliment is if it is con
sidered as a gift, and not as
a transaction.
The most alarming aspect
of modern life is that al
most everything we do
seems to have ihe opposite
effect from what was in
tended like building
super-highways to make it
easier for people to enter
the city, and finding that it
only makes it easier for
them to leave the city.
The "vanity of giving" is
behind so-called "generosity";
and we have a right to sus
pect all acts of philanthropy
that are performed in public.
It is much harder to
starve love to death than
to glut it to death) love's
palate, like the appetite for
food, is more easily ruined
by a surfeit than by a
scarcity.
One of the briefest and
most pungent character analy
ses was made by Stephen
Leacock, when he observed,
"The minute a man is con
vinced that he is interesting,
he isn't."
What keeps many people
away from church is not the
dogma or the deacon, but
simply observing the con
gregation during the rest of
the week.
When all the experts begin
to agree, we can know by
that sign that the time is
ripe for some revolutionary
concept; for in the history of
thought, unanimity is always
followed by its reversal and
its eventual rout.
Self-satisfaction is a form
of spiritual miserliness; the
self-satisfied man never
spreads out his satisfaction
to others: and. in fact, is
extremely dissatisfied with
them.
The only happy men, voca-
tionally speaking, are those
who would do exactly what
they are doing, even if they
weren't paid for it.
If people's pets could
talk, there would be Just
as many abandonments in
ihe animal world as there
are divorces and desertions
in the human world.
Amateur theatricals always
seem so much better than
they are because we attend
them expecting the worst, and
are relieved and gratified if
they even approach the to!
erable; if they charged pro
fessional prices and we an
ticipatcd professional stand
ards, we would walk out in
disgust.
Speaking of plays, last
week end reminded me of
a trenchant line in one of
Schnltsle r's comedies,
where a character remarks,
"Millions of people yearn
for immortality who don't
know what to do with
themselves on a rainy Sun
day afternoon."
When a man says. "I wasn't
myself at the time," he may
have been most himself.
OREGON
One was an attempt to ex
plain to Europe, and particu
larly to France, U. S. insis
tence on central control of
nuclear weapons within the
Western alliance and the
dangers involved in the de
velopment of conflicting stra
tegies. The other was to point out
both to U. S. allies and the
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
From Washington:
Democratic Senate Leader
Mansfield and Republican
Senate Leader Dirksen are
able to see eye to eye on at
least one subject - that the
present mood of the country
is one of UNEASINESS and
uncertainty. They differ, how
ever, as to the WHY of the un
easiness and the uncertainty.
Senator Mansfield says:
"The people wonder why
we aren't doing anything in
congress. It s high time to get
down to hard work and reach
some final decisions on the
President's proposals."
Senator Dirksen says:
"The people wonder (among
other things) why the debt
limit keeps going UP AND
UP."
THE debt limit goes UP AND
UP because we SPEND
AND SPEND and put too
much of the spending on the
cuff.
The people's own experi
ence tells them that's danger
ous. They know that If they
borrow and borrow and never
pay back they'll eventually
go broke. They can't escape
the conclusion that IN TIME
the same will be true in the
case of government.
Hence their uneasiness.
AS THIS is written, it looks
like the so-called Con
servatives took a terrible
beating in elections in Cana
da. The count is far from com
plete, but early reports tell
of heavy losses by the con
servatives and big gains by
the so-called Liberals.
The terms CONSERVA
TIVE and LIBERAL have
little meaning in Canada so
far as indicating the beliefs
and the policies of Canada's
major political parties is con
cerned. If anything, the Con
servatives have been tending
recently toward liberalism (as
liberalism is politically under
stood in these days) and the
Liberals appear to have been
leaning somewhat more to
ward conservatism.
HISTORICALLY, in Canada,
the Conservatives Intro
duced the protective tariff.
The Liberals fought it. The
Conservatives have been
somewhat more inclined to
follow the leadership of Brit
ain, and the Liberals more in
clined to strike out alone so
far as Canada is concerned.
Besides, the federal gov
ernment of Canada follows
the parliamentary pattern.
which is quite different from
our system.
BUT
This is (hp hir nnlni-
The Conservatives have
been in power. The Liberals
have been out of power.
oo-
The election returns (assum
ing that the early trend in the
counting is sustained) indicates
dissatisfaction in Canada with
what is and has been.
Indian Outposts
Behind Red Lines
New Delhi -TOPI- India has
established four or five out
posts behind the Communist
Chinese lines in the disputed
border areas of nortl.ern La-
dakh, informed sources said
today.
Prime Minister Jawahnrlal
Nehru told parliament Wed
nesday that the Chinese had
gone on the defensive in the
area and "our movements are
going behind the Chinese
lines."
The sources said Nehru ap
proved forward probes by In-
dian Border units shortly af
ter the Indian conquest of
Goa last winter. They said the
Indian outposts have been es
tablished to the east of the
Chinese line of forward move
ment, which cuts through La
dakh in a northeasterly direc
tion. Although the Indian troops
are behind the Chinese lines,
the sources said, they prob
ably are separated by valleys
and mountain spurs. The ter
rain is among the most diffi
cult in the world.
Boy Scouts En Route
To Gold Beach on River
Members and adult leaders
of Boy Scout Troop 7 left Sun
day morning for a hike from
Galice down the Rogue river
to Gold Beach. The troop is
led by Robert Hawkins.
This will be the last hike
down the "primitive-area"
river before a road is built.
The troop plans to finish the
hike by Sunday, June 24.
Soviet Union the increasing
danger of war by accident as
nuclear weapons know-how
reaches more and more hands,
and therefore the pressing
need for disarmament agree
ment.
It surely was not by ac
cident that both speeches were
delivered on the eve of
Rusk's departure for Europe
and a new round of confer
ences with the NATO allies.
The United States consis
Matter of Fact y
(e) New York Herald
TWO GRAND DESIGNS
Washington-At long last,
the Algerian tragedy really
seems to be coming to an end.
For the Unit
ed States, this
chiefly means
the opening of
a new era in
the far from
easy relation
ship between
President
Kennedy and
President
Alsnp
Charles de Gaulle. The point
is that de Gaulle's freedom
action was always limited, as
long as the grim Algerian
problem remained unsolved.
But now that the killing has
ceased in Algeria, de Gaulle
is entirely free to try to real
ize his highly personal design
for Europe.
In addition, the large
French army will also, in the
main, be set free by the Al
gerian peace. This is highly
important, since de Gaulle
means to use his army as a
crucial counter in his Euro
pean game. The French divi
sions are to be used, not to
meet France's commitment to
NATO, but to give credibility
to de Gaulle's arguments for
the eventual creation of a
strictly European defense sys
tem, without NATO's depend
ence on the U.S.
N THE same fashion, the
French nuclear program is
also intended to serve as the
embryo for an eventual Eu
ropean deterrent, with or
without British cooperation,
but once again independent
of the American deterrent.
De Gaulle has in fact long
had the idea at the back of
his mind, that as soon as the
power of France could be
disentangled from Algeria,
the pooled strength of the
Western European nations
would be sufficient to con
stitute a third giant power.
De Gaulle will now attempt
to lay the foundations of this
new giant power, complete
with its own nuclear deter
rent, comparable in magni
tude to the U.S. or Soviet Un
ion, and independent of both.
He can hardly complete his
grand design in the years that
remain to him, but it is very
clear indeed that he means
to go forward as fast as his
European partners, and par
ticularly the West Germans,
will allow him to.
Gaulle design stick in the
craws ot President Kennedy
and his policy-makers. On the
one hand, they are firmly
convinced that the existing
world balance makes the de
fense of Western Europe just
as important for the United
States as the defense of ac
tual American territory. Thus
they are convinced that the
U.S. must always share in
West Europe's defenses.
On the other hand and far
Try and
By BENNETT CERF-
TI TANAGEMENT memo pinned on the bulletin board of a
t,X paper-box factory: The Management of this organiza
tion, after due and careful consideration of certain regret
table practices which
have recently been
brought to its attention,
is desirous of again re
minding you of the fact
which has, of course,
been pointed out on sev
eral previous occasions
but which nevertheless
has apparently been over
looked or ignored by an
a 1 1 - t o o - preponderant
proportion of our present
personnel that all mem
bers of this organization
should make an earnest,
sincere, continuous and
persistent effort to eschew and avoid all excessive wordiness,!
repetitive phraseology, unnecessarily complicated sentenco
structure, lengthy, involved, or obscure paragraphs, and
other tautological andor grammatical errors to indite oe
transcribe an internal communication of any nature whatso-1
ever to one or more fellow employes. P.S. In other words
make it brief!
Caskle SUnnett reports that a passel of French delegatrs to
Moscow trade fair, understandably alert to the possibilities of
their hotel room being bugged, cut through a maze of multi
colored wires they discovered cleverly hidden under the carnet.
The noor was thick, but not so thick that it deadened the sound
of the chandelier crashing In the room beneath them.
Two women aboard a Philadelphia bus were overheard diSCu.
ing the contemplated divorce action by one of them. "Wfcv" in
quired the one not involved, "don't you sue the so-and-so for in
ccapatibmty!" "I would," replid the other, "if I could catcU
nirn ftt !(
. C 1S6J. by Beaaau Cert Distributed by Klat Tenures Bviidiata '
in Two
Leaving
tently has opposed De Gaulle's
nuclear program and has been
equally unenthusiastic about
the development of any "third
force" which would weaken
the NATO alliance and very
possibly lead to conflicting
strategies.
It can be taken as certain
that the Rusk visit will
change neither De Gaulle's
nuclear program nor his pres
ent determination to boycott
disarmament talks.
Joseph Altop
Tribune Syndicate
more important, the President
and those around him ara
deeply dismayed by the pros
pect of an additional nuclear
power, whether French, or
Franco-German, or Western
European, which is not tied
to the United States in the
manner of British nuclear
power.
At the same time, the Ken
nedy policy-makers recogniza
that de Gaulle will not sus
pend his nuclear program,
just because Secretary of De
fense Robert McNamara
warned him that "additional
national nuclear forces oper
ating independently" will ba
"dangerous, expensive, prona
to obsolescence, and lacking
in credibility" as deterrents
which was how McNamara
put it at Ann Arbor, Mich.,
on Saturday. The result,
therefore, is a Kennedy grand
design, intended to compete
for European adherents with
the de Gaulle grand design.
TTNDER the Kennedy grand
V design, NATO will ba
strengthened, and not just on
the ground. With American
assistance, a European deter
rent will also be created; but
this European deterrent will
be quite unlike de Gaulle's.
It will in fact be firmly
linked to the American deter
rent, it will not be usable
without American approval;
and in return, certain limi
tations will be accepted on
the free use of the American
deterrent.
Just how these limitations
are to be drawn up, or to be
enforced, is very far from
clear. "Guide lines" agreed
upon with the Western Euro
peans, controlling what the
President of the United States
may or may not do with our
deterrent, are one of the de
vices under consideration.
The arguments for this
grand design are basically
simple. It is accepted that the
Europeans will not remain in
definitely content to found
their whole defense system
on a nuclear deterrent under
exclusive American control.
It is agreed, therefore, that
there must be a European de
terrent of some sort, which
will at least be preferable to
several more national deter
rents. It is considered, finally,
that any limitations to be im
posed on this European de
terrent must at least appear
to be balanced by reciprocal
restrictions on the U.S. deter
rent. These are all valid argu
ments. But unless the "guida
lines" device is almost mirac
ulously ingenious, the new
grand design effect ivply
means the American deterrent
will be placed under the con
trol of an international com-mittee-which
is a strong
counter-argument, at least in
this country. This is a story,
in fact, which is barely be
ginning. And no man can now
foresee this story's end.
Stop Me
O
O
O