MONDAY, JUNE 18. 19S2
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
6 A
Iff-'
X Ir-iT nm.
CIVIL WAR'
0 N PENINSULA - Two untried generals
faced each other across the swamps of the
Chickahominy river on the Virginia penin
sula in June, 1862 - George B. McClellan
for the Union, and Robert E. Lee for the
Confederacy. Not only did the career of
each hang in the balance, the Civil War
itself might be decided on that swampy
strip of land. McClellan had a bigger army.
It was better fed, better equipped, and bet
ter uniformed. He outgunned Lee. Yet he
was edgy and kept bombarding Washington
with requests for more troops. He thougnt
Lee had more than 200,000 men. His mis
information came from detective Allan
Pinkerton, lower left, who seemed to find
three Confederates where only one existed.
Lee, top right, had a secret weapon-Gen.
"Stonewall" Jackson and his army from the
Shenandoah Valley. The two began to move,
and the stage was set for the Seven Days'
Battle. The background for these men.
as shown here, is one of the swamps of
Virginia where the armies clashed. (UPI)
Generals Make Battle Plans
By MERTON T. AKERS
United Press International
Two untried generals faced
each other across the swamps
of the Chickahominy river in
the peninsula of Virginia In
June 1862 - George B. Mc
Clellan for the Union and
Robert E. Lee for the Con
federacy. Both were West Pointers,
both had served in the Mex
ican War, both were compet
ent engineers, both command
ed the biggest armies of their
countries, but neither was
blooded yet in the Civil War.
The career of each hung in
the balance those humid June
days.
What happened in the bogs
east of Richmond, the Conled
erate capital. In the next few
weeks might decide the out
come ot the Civil War.
A decisive victory by the
Union Army of the Potomac
would lay Richmond open to
capture. And if McClellan
could crush Lee's army in ad
dition, the blow to the young
Confederacy might well be
mortal. If Lee could repulse
McClellan's army and strike
it a heavy blow, the South
might well go on to independ
ence. Not Evenly Matched
McClellan, the 35-ycar old
son of a Pennsylvania physi
cian, seemed to have the edge
on Lcc, the 55-year old Vir
ginia aristocrat, in the strug
gle to come.
His army was slightly big
ger - about 100,000 men to
85,000 men. It was better
equipped, better fed, better
uniformed. He outgunned Lee.
He had been a year putting
his army together, welding
the fragments that had
treated from Bull Run with
new troops into an organized,
well-drilled force complete to
spare wheels for the ammuni
tion wagons.
What remained now for Mo
Clellan was to put this army
Into action
All the North waited and
watched. It had been waiting
a year for this momcni.
Newspaper dispatches which
told of forward Union troops
being within four and a half
miles of the Richmond city
limits, the church spires in
In sight, whetted the anticipa
guns, shell the city and carry
it by assault. I speak very
confidently but if you could
see the faces of the troops
as I ride among them, you
would share my confidence.
They will do anything I tell
them to do. I could not help
laughing when, on the day of
the last battle, I was riding
along in front, a man jumped
out in an interval of cheering
and addressed me quite fam
iliarly, saying 'Halloo George!
How are you? You are the
only one of the whole crowd
of generals that is worth a
Lee Watchei
Behind the Richmond
trenches, Lee, like the North,
also was waiting and watching
enemy . . . You should appoint
the hour . . .
He could be ready for battle
June 25.
Longstreet suggested he
take another day.
Jackson agreed to June 26
Then Lee reappeared and
accepted the schedule.
Jackson found the head of
his 18,500-man army at Bea
ver Dam, 26 miles from the
point where he was to start
the battle.
Normally 26 miles was a
day's march for Jackson's
men. Normally Jackson would
have pressed his men through
that June 24. But that day
Jackson lost his drive and his
army straggled.
On June 25, Jackson was
back in form. He rode along
McClellan. He had tnken corn- the lines pressing his men
mand of the gray army on
June 1, the day after Gen
Joseph E. Johnston had been
wounded at the stand-off bat
tle of Fair Oaks (Seven Pines).
The first move he made
was to give the army a name
the Army of Northern Vir
ginia - a name that he and his
men would make famous in
the next three years. The sec
ond move was to entrench,
reviving his "King of Spades a m.
nickname.
Then he sent Brig. Gen. J.
E. B. Stuart's cavalry around
McClellan's army on a recon
naissance - and confirmed his
suspicion that McClellan's
right wing north of the Chick
ahominy river was lightly
held.
Lee determined to strike
the Federal right, turn it and
threaten the Union supply
line This plan was something
lkie Johnston had attempted
at Fair Oaks on the south side
of the river.
Lee had a weapon that
Johnston had lacked - Stone
wall Jackson and his army
from the Shenandoah Valley,
a unit which had Just defeated
three Federal armies, and si
phoned off Federal troops in
tended for McClellan
The Southern commander
outlined his plan to Jackson
on June 11
But the mud was deep, the
streams swollen, and the fa
mous "foot cavalry" slowed
to a slogging pace
By dark Jackson was six
miles short of his Jump-off po
sition. He advised Lee of the de
lay, ordered the army to move
at 2:30 a.m. and tried to get
some sleep.
But it was 8 a.m. - not 2:30
the next day when the
army moved. Also the cle
ment of surprise was gone be
cause of the deserted.
The stage was set for the
Seven Days' battle and Jack
son was late.
tion. To a
seemed as good as won.
Faulty Information
McClellan was edgy as the
climax came nearer. He bom
barded Washington with tele
grams demanding more
troops He thought the Con
federates had 200,000 men
and were bringing up more.
This information he was get
ting from detective Allan
Pinkerton, his intelligence
chief, who cuuld find three
Confederates where only one
existed
The general was particular
ly upset when the Federal
corps of about 40.000, com
manded by Maj. Gen. lrvin
McDowell, the loser at Bull
Run, was held in northern
Virginia against the threat of
Maj. Gen. Thomas J. (Stone
wall) Jackson toward Wash
ington via the Shenandoah
Valley. This corps, McClellan
complained, was to have been
his right wing.
McClellan was more confi
dent in letters to his wife than
he was to Washington.
On June 14 he wrote to her:
"As soon as I gain posses
sion of 'Old Tavern' I will
push them in upon Richmond
and behind their works; then
I will bring up my heavy
Plant Laid
". . . Leave your enfeebled
troops to watch the country
. . ." Lee wrote, "and with
your main body . . . move
Government Property
Sale Set in Seattle
Bids for items in a govern
ment property sale will be
opened at the business serv
ice center. 900 "irst ave., Se
attle 4. Wash., at 9:30 a.m.
(PDT) June 26
Offered for sale from this
aiea are a 1051 Ford dump
(ruck, a motorize' Caterpil
lar road grader, and a Ritu
men heater. The equipment
may be inspected by contact
ing Basil G. Curtis, National
Park service, Ciatcr Lake Na
tional park.
Inspections may be made
between June 18 and June 22.
Labor Continues
To Seek Shorter
Veekal Same Pay
By WILLIAM J. EATON
United Press International
Washington (UPH Ameri
cans are workirg les and en
joying it more.
Peter Hcnle, special assist
ant to the Commissioner of
Labor Stastitics, has calcula
ted that in I960 the average
worker had about 155 hours
more paid leisure time a year
than he did 20 years earlier.
About half of this - 75
hours - represented a gradu
al decline of 15 hours in the
average work week. The rest
was made up by an additional
six days paid vacati on and
four more paid holidays.
Henle, writing in the
Monthly Labor Review, said
the future trend probably
would stress an increase In
the number of days off rather
than further reductions in the
hours spent each day at work.
The revolutionary reduc-!
tion in the working week was
pointed up last winter in New
York City where 9,000 elec
tricians won a five-hour day,
25-hour week.
With that precedent set,
two New York construction
unions representing nearly
20,0000 workers now are seek
ing something similar.
Seek Short Week
The city's labor commis
sioner, Harold A. Velix, said
6,000 members of a plumbers
and pipefitters union are ask
ing a 25-hour work week.
A 12,000-man bricklayers,
masons and plasterers union
is seeking a six-hour day.
Both unions now have a seven-hour
day.
In his report, Henle said
that for the economy as a
whole there has been an In
crease of more than 10 billion
hours in additional leisure
time since the 1940's.
This, in turn, has shifted
family living patterns and
stimulated more widespread
travel, sports and recreation
activity.
The new Steelworkers' con
tract may influence other un
ions to seek more leisure time
for their members'. The steel
contract set up a fund to pro
vide an additional week of va
cation for each two years
worked after 1960.
Upon retirement, a worker
would get one extra week of
vacation pay for each five
years of service through 1960,
so long as funds are available.
The aim is to encourage
earlier retirements and longer
vacations to open up more
job opportunities In the in
dustry. It may provide a
"breakthrough" that other
unions will follow. i
Board Rulings 1
Henle said the Increase in
vacation and holiday time
stems partly from" War Labor 1
board rulings during World
War II. The board held that as i
many as six paid holidays
could be granted within wage
stabilization regulations.
Now, Henle said, the aver
age in major American indus
tries is about seven holidays
a year, wilh up to 11 granted
by banks and financial insti
tutions. According to Henle, the
trend has been to make arbi
trary "holidays" around
Christmas and Thanksgiving
to provide longer weekends
away from jobs.
As far as vacations are con
cerned, Henle said practic
ally all office and plant work
ers in big city areas now re
ceive paid vacations. This
compares to one out of four
unionized workers who re
ceived paid vacations in 1940,
he said
layman, Richmond rapidly to Ashland (about 15
miles north of Richmond on
the Richmond & Fredericks
burg railroad) by rail or other
wise . . . and sweep down be
tween the Chickahominy and
Pamunkey, cutting the ene
my's communications, etc.,
while this a, my attacks Gon
ers McClellan In front. He
wil thus, I think, he forced
to come out of his entrench-1
ments.
In another message, he
wrote: "To be efficacious, the
movement must be secret."
The admonition hardly was
needed, Jackson never even
told his preacher-chief of staff!
about his plans. But a desert-i
er knew the plans, and
promptly tipped off (he Union
headquarters.
Lee went over his plans ;
with his generals - James)
Longstreet, A. P. Hill, Jack
son and D. H. Hill - sod left .
the leaders to discuss the de
tails. Timing was important if
Lee's plan was to succeed The '
position of Jackson's troops at
the start was the key ;
Longstreet turned to Jack
son: "You have distance (o over
come, and In all probability
ROSE WINS
Salem -HIPP- Mrs. Bernard
Leonard, Portland, won the
Gov. Mark Hatfield Trophy
at the 17th annual Salem Rose
Show here Friday.
SUCCESSFUL BIDDER
Salem - (1'PU - Allstate Insur
ance Co. is the successful bid
der to insure state vehicles in
the 1982-63 fiscal year start
ing July 1, Oregon Finance
Director Freeman Holncr announced.
Dennis the Menace
uusiacies win dc inrown in ii' -rc - u1 fl "
the way of jour march by the lVI5 UOMjOAS) f
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