MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
d China Said Passing on
od Shortage to Allies
Washington - iliPU - Red
China, the hungriest of Com
munist nations, seems to be
passing on some of its short
ages to the rest of the Soviet
bloc, v stern analysts said
today.
There are indications that
Russia's recent 25 to 30 per
cem increase in meat and
butter prices may have result
ed partly from a halt in Red
Chinese meat shipments to
the Soviet Union.
In recent years Communist
China has supplied an esti
mated 5 per cent of' Russia's
meat. j
Major Upheaval '
But since 1960, presumably
in part because of the ideol
ogical rift between the two
Red giants, there has been a
major upheaval in Soviet
Chinese trade.
In 1959 this trade totaled
$21 billion. In 1960 it drop
ped to SI. 6 billion and in
1961 to S918 million. There
apparently has been a simi
lar drop in Chinese trade
with East Germany and other
European satellites.
This has caused a commer
cial crisis in the Communist
world which cuts both ways.
It undoubtedly has contri
buted to food shortages in
eastern Europe. It also means
that Russia and eastern Eu-1
rope are deprived of an out
let for manufactured machin
ery. I
Mew Study j
The almost world-wide1
Communist failure in food j
production and th. interrelat-
ed effects throughout the (
neu uiuc nave come unaer
new study recently in Wash
ington. It also was apparently a
major subject of last week's
Moscow meeting of Commun
ist parly leaders under the
Communist Council for Econ
omic Mutual Assistance. !
The Soviet Union, with
a population 20 per cent
larger than thi.t of the Unit
ed Slates and six times more
farm labor, has never been
able to produce more than 60
per cent of the U.S. agricul
tural output. Experts have
given several probable reas
ons: Climate. Most of Rus
sia's agricultural land lies
farther north tl. n Minnesota,
and much of it is dry.
Organization. Soviet ag
riculture is a hodge-podge of
40,000 collective farms, the
oretically owned by their
workers; 8.000 "state farms"
in which the workers are
more like factory employees,
and 16 million small indivi
dual plots. The collective
farms are considered by U S.
experts to be unmanagably
large, covering on the aver
age 15.000 acres. The state
farms are even larger, 20,
000 acres . v
Policy. Russia has de
liberately put a vast amount
of its cap tal into industry
rather than agriculture.
Methods. Soviet farms
use only one-thir . as much
fertilizer as U.S. farms. Ad
vanced crop dusting is even
less prevalent. Prices have
not always ..n ouraged the
small farmers to increase
their crops. In .ome cases,
they have been asked to sell
at a loss.
In eastern Europr. reports
last week continued to indi
cate food problems.
Called for Steps
In East Germany, the Com
munist party newspaper
Neussdeutchland called for
steps to correct meat and
milk shortages.
In Bucharest, housewives
were lining up to buy the on
ly available meat - cows
heads and tongues, chopped
horsemcat and horse brains.
In Prague, students dem
onstrated against meat short
ages. In Poland, panic buying
was reported immediately af
ter Russia's meat and butler
price increases.
Could Ba Crucial
In Red China, per capita
food output is estimated to
be lower than in 1950, with
the average diet below 2,000
calories a day. The minimum
diet for a day's work in Asia
is estimated at 2.300 calorics.
China has had three bad
WEDNESDAY. JUNE 13. I9E2
crop years in i row. It may
be that this year could be
crucial for the Peiping re
gime. Farm programs in Com
munist North Korea and
North Viet Nam also are re
ported to be in trouble.
By contrast, Japan and Na
tionalist China on Formosa
have greatly increased agri
cultural production.
In Cuba, food production
is estimated to have dropped
15 per cent in the last two
years. Rationing was started
this year.
As Western officials see it,
the fale of Communist efforts
to solve agricultural prob
lems may be the most signifi
cant factor in the on .come of
the cold war struggle.
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