8 B
MONDAY, APRIL 23, 1962
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
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BUST UNVEILED - Joseph W. Martin Jr. (R-Mass.), is
shown unveiling a bust of himself in the Old House Office
Building in Washington, D.C. The bust was donated to the
nation by the National Federation of Republican Women.
Martin is the only living person with a statue in the ro
tunda of the building. (UPI)
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CIVIL
WAR
New Orleans Federals' Target
By MERTON T. AKERS
United Press International
Two red lights suddenly
glowed from the mizzen mast
of the USS Hartford at 2 a.m.
April 24, 1862.
The signal sent a fleet of
17 Federal warships' steaming
up the Mississippi river in
three divisions toward Con
federate Forts Jackson and St.
Philip, twin star-shaped works
commanding the channel at
Plaquemine Bend.
Target: New Orleans, larg
est and richest city in the
Confederacy.
These forts and 14 defend
ing vessels, mostly converted
steamers and tug boats, mus
tered 186 guns, capable of
throwing 7,139 pounds of pro
jectiles In one round. The Fed
eral ships could fire 20,224
pounds, or nearly three times
as much.
In the days of wooden ships
the rule of thumb was that a
fleet attacking forts must have
five guns for every defending
gun.
Ordered Signal
All that, the old man who
posted himself in the shrouds
of the Hartford, his nagsmp,
knew when he ordered the
red lanterns hoisted. But he
ordered the signal anyway.
He had taken all precau
tions. His ships were protect
ed by a sort of chain armor
anchor chains draped over the
sides and overlapped.
On April 18 Good Friday
his 19 mortar boats-schooners
carrying the snubnosed
guns and towed by steamers
had started pounding the
forts. In the five days before
the fleet moved against the
forts these mortars had fired
16,800 shells. Jackson and St.
Philip were damaged but far
from silenced.
The old man David Glas
gow Farragut was flying
his flag of independent com
mand. He was a captain in the
U. S. Navy in which he had
served since he was nine years
old. At 62 he was hungry for
victory.
The period of "softening
up" the forts was over. Now
was the time for fighting, the
square-jawed old salt reasoned
the time to shoot it out, gun
to gun, ship to fort.
Federal Gunboats
At 3:40 a.m. he swung his
fleet through a 60-foot chan
nel blasted out of a barrier be
low the forts by two daring
Federal gunboats a few nights
before.'
The battle for New Orleans
was on.
The Confederates lighted
brush piles on the shores and
fire rafts. The scene was as
light as day when the ships
and forts opened fire.
The Hartford, trying to
dodge a fire raft scows piled
high with wood soaked in
pitch and resin and pushed
by tugs went aground un
der the guns of Fort St. Philip.
The fire raft lodged against
the side of the Hartford and
set it burning.
"Don't flinch from that fire,
boys," Farragut, now down on
the deck, shouted. "There's a
hotter fire than that waiting
for those who don't do their
duty. Give that rascally little
tug a shot.
Gunners leaped to their
pieces and sank the tug with
two shots. An alert clerk un
capped three shells, dropped
them over the side on the raft.
The explosion sank the raft
and the fire hissed out.
The Hartford backed off the
shoal and into the general
fight again.
Answered Challenge
Most of the outgunned Con
federate ships ran when the
fleet came through the boom,
blocking the channel, but
three answered the challenge.
One, a seven-gun ex-revenue
cutter, was caught in the
fire of three Union gunboats
and sank almost before she
got into action.
The Confederate ram, Ma
nassas, a turtle-back ship ar-
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mored with half an inch of
iron, rammed one of the Un-
tion ships ineffectually but
was caught in the fire from
the forts which mistook her
for a disabled Federal vessel.
Her captain ran her ashore,
punctured and afire.
The Governor Moore, unar
mored sidewheel steamer, car
rying two guns, one on the
bow, one on the stern and
commanded by Capt. Beverley
Kennon, took in after the 10
gun Varuna, the fastest ship
in the Federal fleet.
The Moore suddenly ap-
pcared out of the darkness
and fired on the Varuna,
which replied, scattering dead
and wounded over the steam
boat's deck.
By now the Moore was too
close to the Varuna to use her
forward gun. Kennon fired
one shot through his own
prow and followed it with an
other through the hole made
by the first. That shot knock
ed out the Varuna's pivot gun.
The Moore then rammed her,
backed off and rammed again,
firing each time through the
hole in the prow.
That was enough for the
Varuna. She made for the
shore and sank.
Kennon, flushed by this
victory, ordered the Moore
downstream to attack the rest
of the Federal fleet. But his
helmsman had no stomach for
ambitious schemes.
"I'll be damned if I stand
here and be murdered," he
shouted and headed the ship
for shore.
Five Union ships polished
off the Moore. Of 93 in her
crew, 57 were killed and 17
wounded.
That about wound up t h e
fight.
By dawn the Federal fleet
had run past the forts.
Farragut halted his ships
and took stock. He had lost
the Varuna and three light
gunboats; 37 killed, 147
wounded.
The Confederate flotilla was
destroyed, New Orleans 1 a y
helpless up-river for the tak
ing and Farragut headed in
that direction.
He made short work of the
Confederate batteries at Chal-
mette, when Andrew Jackson
had licked the British 47 years
before.
George Washington Cable,
not quite 18 then and after
the war a popular novelist,
described the scene as Farra
gut's fleet reached New Or
leans. "Ah, me, I see them now
as they come slowly around
Slaughterhouse Point into full
view, silent, grim and terrible;
black with men, heavy with
deadly portent; the long ban
ished stars and stripes flying
against the frowning sky . . .
"The crows on the levee
howled and screamed with
rage . . .
"Betrayed, betrayed," the
crowd chanted, Cable report
ed. Julia LeGrand, a New Or
leans society woman with a
sharp pen, thought so, too.
". . . these people (the Fed
erals) can do nothing without
gunboats," she wrote in her
diary, and added, somewhat
wistfully:
"We should have had gun
boats if the Government had
been efficient, wise or ear
nest." Her government had tried
to have gunboats. The Louisi
ana and the Mississippi, two
ironclads, ,were nearly com
pleted. The Louisiana, her en
gines too weak to propel her,
had been anchored at Fort St.
Philip and used as a floating
battery. She was fired by her
crew after the battle. The Mis
sissippi, under construe tion
above New Orleans, was set
afire when the end came and
floated down the river, a flam
ing reminder to the city of
too little and too late.
On April 28, the garrisons
of Forts Jackson and St. Phil
ip, now isolated, mutinied and
surrendered to Cmdr. David
Porter, who had been left be
hind by Farragut with the
mortar fleet.
On the 29th, Maj. Gen. Ben
jamin F. Butler landed with
18,000 troops and occupied
New Orleans.
Confederate Maj. Gen.
Mansfield Lovell, a former
New York City street commis
sioner charged with the de
fense of the city, marched his
3,000 troops away to fight an
other day.
IKE TELLS PLANS
Palm Desert. Calif. - IUPD -
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
and his wife, Mamie, plan to
leave their winter vacation
home here next Sunday for
the east, it was disclosed Saturday.
Your Money's
Worth
By SYLVIA PORTER
Copyright, Hall Syndicate, Inc.
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HISTORIC TRADE BILL SHAPING UP
While Congress is home for Easter, work will continue
in Washington on the writing of the historic Trade Expan
sion Act of 1962 a law which is destined to affect the lives
of tens of millions of American businessmen, wage-earner
and farmers and in fact, to reshape the free world.
The time-table now indicates the bill being prepared by
the House Ways & Means Committee will reach the floor
of the House in early May. There the debate will reach
crescendo over whether to give President Kennedy the most
sweeping powers ever held by a U.S. President to slash the
tariff walls shielding our industries from foreign competi
tion and to enter into a trade partnership with the booming
nations of a united Europe.
The outlook is brightening for a bill which will give
the President close what he asked for in January. He won't
get all the authority he wants but he'll get the key funda
mentals, according to the latest appraisals. And this means
that:
During the years ahead, the tariff walls protecting our
industries and workers from Europe's competition will
crumble giving Europe's producers the chance to sell much
more here.
During the years ahead too, the tariff walls protecting
Europe's industries and workers from our competition will
crumble as well giving U.S. producers the chance to sell
much more there.
Against his background, the already imperative need
to keep prices and wages under control so we can meet
foreign competition at- home and abroad becomes even
more imperative and the liming of steel's attempt to hike
prices last week becomes even more incredible.
Imports arc sure to soar as our tariff cuts make foreign
goods less expensive. Competition from quality, attractively
priced imports is fierce now, is sure to become fiercer. The
made-in-U.S. product has to be able to compete at home
or millions of American consumers are going to shift to the
made-abroad item.
Our exports also will climb sharply as Europe's tariff
cuts make our products less expensive. But they'll not climb
as fast as they should and we'll not hold our customers un
less our prices remain competitive. There's simply no dis
puting the challenge.
What we have to do is plain.
We must invest tens of billions more than we arc now
investing in modernizing our factories and equipment so
we can turn out better goods at cliraper prices. This was
the reason behind Big Steel's effort to boost prices to get
the extra profits to put into new plants but raising prices
is the worst way to get this money now. Liberalizing the
depreciation rules so corporations investing in moderniza
tion can write off the cost of the plants faster will help
spur the programs. The tax credit bill being written by
Congress will help. There are other ways to speed moderniza
tion on which government, industry and labor can agree.
We're competing against superbly mechanized foreign fac
tories run by industrialists as shrewd as ours and out to get
as much business as they can. If our plants become obsolete,
we're doomed.
We must support every drive to expand our exports.
Many companies could join the ranks of exporters if they
would only bother to get guidance from the Commerce
Dept. or their own trade associations. Many now export
ing could hike their sales abroad if they'd only bother to
re-learn the techniques of hard selling and servicing.
We must pour increasing billions into research to de
velop superior products and new ones to intrigue the home
and foreign markets.
And we must keep our production costs under control.
The trade bill is moving through Concress and if Con
gress passes a strong imaginative law. it will pave the
way for our partnership in a world both more united and
more competitive than ever before. It's a turning point in
our life as a nation.
The steel industry could have turned us the wrong way.
We may be thankful that it wasn't allowed tg do id.
Goldwater Fears Possibility of Pacifist Trend
New Haven, Conn-iUPIi-Re-publican
Sen. Barry Goldwa
ter, GOP campaign chairman,
has charged that the book
"Liberal Papers" shows evi
dence of a "dangerous trend"
of pacifist sentiment in the
United States.
Goldwater, speaking before
the Yale Political Union at
Yale university, said the book
could "easily serve as a guide
lor pacifists appeasers.
The Arizona conservative
leader said recommendations
in the book, a collection of
essays which have been under
Republican attack recently,
"would take us to abject sur
render of practically all of
our national strategic interests."
He said the recommenda.
tions included United States
recognition of Communist
China, United Nations mem
bcrship for that nation, de
militarization of West Ger.
many and Soviet "plug-in"
use of the anti-missile Dew
Line.
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