MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
THURSDAY. MAY 18. 1961
Monroe Sweetland
Denies Allegations
Made in Material
.; Hillsboro, Ore. WPD State
. Sen. Monroe Sweetland
Wednesday denied from the
witness stand allegations
made against him in material
, circulated last fall for which
..a Portland woman is on trial
for political libel.
,-. Sweetland, 51, said he
'.fought against .Communism
c while a member of the Social
ist party during his youth.
, He said he never has been a
. Communist.
The Milwaukie publisher
i and legislative education
leader was on the stand for
1 1 about five hours as a state
, witness in the libel trial of
Mrs. Audrey Henry. She is
..charged with helping pass out
. anti-Sweetland literature last
October while Sweetland was
, Democratic candidate for sec-
retary of state.
; Others Indicted
' Five other persons have
been indicted on similar
"charges in Multnomah county.
Sweetland was questioned
during the afternoon by Larry
Landgraver, attorney for Mrs.
' Henry.
' Sweetland labeled as "total
ly false" a story indicating
he had been disinherited by
his father, the late Dr. George
J. Sweetland, one-time ath
" letic director of Willamette
university. He introduced cop
' les of his father's probated
' will showing he and his sister
' shared about equally in the
estate. .
. He said the Oregon Com
monwealth Federation, which
he served as executive secre
' tary, was never dominated by
'Communists.
Sweetland said it "was an
effective anti-Communist or
ganization and was one of the
principal reasons the Commu
nist party never got a foot
hold in Oregon as it did in
other states."
' Replying to a charge- he
was jailed in New York for
"pasting subversive literature
on a bank building," he said
he was arrested during the
,, "Roosevelt bank holiday"
when he pasted a sticker on a
bank that said,. "Vote Social
ist to Keep the Banks Open."
Not Committee Member
' "That's certainly not sub
' versive," he said. He was le-
leased -without being fined,
he added.
Sweetland said he had
worked for the New York
State Socialist party as an or
ganizer seeking candidates.
But he said "I was not a mem
ber of the revolutionary pol
icy committee."
The trial was in its fourth
day today.
Pink Elephant
Skis on Willamette
Portland - (UPD - A pink ele
phant water skied on the Wil
lametteriver here Wednes
day. It was a real elephant.
The 3,000-pound elephant,
Bimbo Jr., a member of a
touring circus, was pulled
along on a narrow wooden
platform by a high-powered
launch before several hundred
Portlanders between the Mor
rison and Hawthorne bridges.
The stunt was to publicize the
Shrine circus which opened
Wednesday night.
. Bimbo was spray painted
pink.. About half the paint
washed off during the ride.
Spring Concert at
Howard Is Friday
The annual spring concert
for Howard school will be
held at 8 p.m. Friday, May
19," in the school gymnasium.
Groups participating will in
clude the third grade chorus,
string orchestra, department
chorus and the school band.
Admission will be free.
The Howard Girls League
will sell cake, coffee and milk
after the program. Special
tours of the science fair will
be conducted by fourth grade
ushers from 7 to 7:50 p.m. in
the multi-purpose room. . .
Parents and friends are invited.
Young Logger Killed
In Loading Accident
Newport, Ore.-OIPD-A young
logger died Wednesday a few
hours after he was crushed
while reloading logs near
Kernville. ' " .
Police said Charles Wright,
21, son of the Taft postmaster,
slipped and was crushed be
neath a logging truck.
Differential for
West Shipbuilding
Said Unjustified
Washington - (UPD - An East
Coast shipbuilder- declared
Wednesday that there was
"absolutely no Justification"
for a six per cent differential
favoring Pacific Coast ship
yards in bidding on vessels
subsidized by the government.
William E. Blewett Jr.,
president of the Newport
News Shipbuilding and Dry
dock Co., Newport News, Va.,
appeared before the House
Merchant Marine Committee
on behalf of a proposal to
eliminate the differential.
'Actual Errors' Charged
Blewett lashed out at an
analysis of evidence previous
ly presented to the committee
prepared at the committee's
request by the General Ac
counting Office. He said the
GAO's report dealt with "com
pletely irrelevant issues" and
contained "actual errors."
"It does not seem worthy
of consideration," Blewett
said of the GAO report at
one point.
"They attempted by re
viewing actual purchase cost
data in the individual ship
yards, to support their theory
that the West Coast has some
disadvantage," Blewett said.
Blewett insisted that there
was no difference in cost be
tween the East and West
coasts and said such a study
should be made on the basis
of bids.
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter lippmann
(e) New York Herald Tribune Syndicate
Cohgregaf ionalisf s
Elect Moderator
Hood River (UPD Dr. J. Vi
cent Crane, minister of the
Forest Grove Congregational
Church, Wednesday was elect
ed moderator of the Congre
gational Churches of Oregon
for the coming year.
John F. Kramer Jr., lawyer
who attends Cedar Hills Con
gregational Church near Port
land, was elected assistant
moderator. The Rev. Fred R.
Morrow of The Dalles was
named new conference
preacher.
The 230 ministers and lay
men voted to increase the
amount giver) - to missions
from $62,000 to $98,000 a
year.
FRAGMENTS OF AN
EMPIRE
With the Secretary of State
at Geneva worrying about the
internal politics of Laos and
with the Vice
President do
ing a whirl
wind tour of
S o utheast
Asia, It may
be useful t o
try if we can
to see the
American
i n volvement
in its historic
al perspective.
South Vietnam
lippmann
Laos and
are two fragments - the other
two being Communist Nortn
Vietnam and neutralist Cam
bodia - of what used to be
the French colonial empire of
Indo-China. Japan overran
this empire after the collapse
of France in 1940, and al
though the empire was re
stored to France after the
Japanese surrender in 1945,
the defeat of a western by an
Asian power had, as the event
proved, fatally destroyed the
prestige of France.
During the Japanese occu
pation the Communist - Na
tionalist Viet-Minh gathered
force, and if it had not been
opposed from outside Viet
nam, would have controlled
the country. A French Ex
peditionary Corps fought the
Viet-Minh from 1945 to 1954,
until the costly war was end
ed by the Geneva agreement
of 1954. ,
BY 1953, in the first year of
President Eisenhower's ad
ministration, it had become
plain that the French were
losing the Indo-Chinese war.
At the turn of the year Secre
tary Dulles realized that
French power was doomed,
and that only intervention by
the United States could pre
vent the whole of Indo-China
from falling into the hands of
the Communists, backed by
Red China. It was at this crit
ical juncture that Mr, Dulles
proclaimed the c e 1 e brated
doctrine of "massive retali
ation." The immediate and primary
purpose of his speech was not,
as has often been said, to save
money, to balance the budget,
to get "a bigger bang for a
buck." The purpose of Mr.
Dulles's speech was to protect
m
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the fragments of the Indo
Chinese empire against Com
munist domination WITH
OUT involving A m e r i can
troops in another Korean
war.
This will be clear to any
one who reads the speech in
the light of our current trou
bles. Mr. Dulles said, for er
ample, that "It Is not sound
military strategy permanent
ly to commit United States
land forces to Asia to a de
gree that leaves us no stra
tegic reserves."
The Dulles policy, then,
was to protect Indo-China by
the threat of dropping nu
clear bombs on China or Rus
sia or both. In 1954 this was
a workable policy. For while
the Soviet Union had broken
our nuclear monopoly in
1949, in 1954 It was just about
to master the hydrogen bomb
and it had no missile force
comparable with the bombers
of the American Strategic Air
Force. The United States was
then the paramount military
power in the world, and
where It chose to exert its
power, its word was law.
OUT in the years immedlate-
ly after 1954, the Soviet
Union began to acquire mis
siles and nuclear weapons in
sufficient quantity to change
the world balance of power,
achieving nuclear parity in
place of U.S. supremacy.
This was the new situation
which caused Churchill and
Eden to persuade Eisenhower
that an attempt must be made
"at the summit" to negotiate
a truce in the cold war. No
truce was achieved. But the
fact that by 1959, or there
abouts, the United States was
no longer supreme, under
mined the Dulles doctrine of
defending Indo - China by
threat of massive retaliations.
By 1961 Mr. Kennedy was
confronted with the fact that
the Eisenhower Dulles de
fense of Indo-China was no
longer available. For five or
six years they had been able
to defend Indo-China without
using American troops be
cause of our nuclear su
premacy.
The problem for Kennedy
now is how the fragments of
Indo-China could be defend'
ed without the nuclear threat
and without engaging our
troops in another Korean war.
WHERE are some among us
-- who think that Laos and
Vietnam could be defended by
the THREAT .of opening an
American front for another
Korean war. They think that
Mr. Khrushchev can be, in
timidated. They are mistaken. Eisen
hower and Dulles were in a
position to use that threat of
nuclear weapons because they
had a monopoly of nuclear
weapons. But Kennedy and
Rusk cannot threaten to fight
a land war because the Chi
nese and the Soviets are over
whelmingly superior to any
land forces we could engage.
Our threat to fight another
Korean war would be a bluff
which would immediately be
called. If we were to send a
brigade of Marines into South
Vietnam, the Chinese would
have no trouble at all in send
ing two brigades into North
Vietnam.
What then can Mr. Kennedy
do? Since he cannot defend
the old Indo-China by massive
retaliation or by committing
land forces, he must do what
he has been trying to do in
Laos since he took office. He
must do what the British and
the French and the Indians
want him to do. He must try
to induce the Soviet Union
and Red China to settle for
a "neutralization," that is to
say, an agreement by the
great powers not to fight the
cold war by proxy inside Laos.
Almost certainly it will not
be a satisfying arrangement.
But does anyone know of a
better alternative?
WE SHOULD, I feel, look
upon all this with a cer
tain philosophy. As a result
of the defeat of both France
and Japan In Indo-China we
became, without in the least
wishing It, the heirs, or let us
say, the receivers, of the col
lapsed and broken Indo-Chinese
empire. Since the end of
the World War, especially
since 1954, we have, without
enjoying any of the benefits
of empire, experienced all its
costs, risks, and frustrations.
We now have to face the
problem which the British
have faced in their empire,
the French in theirs. It is the
problem of adjusting one'i
pride to a recognition that
protectorates must go, and
theh of providing for the In
dependence of the colonial
peoples over whom they are
no longer the protectors. The
British and French empires
are being liquidated, and the
constituent nations are being
helped to find their place In
the great replacements of em
pire, the British Common
wealth and the French Com
munity and the United Na
tions. In the Western hem!-
nha th tt.nlnrmpnt fnr
empire Is the Organization of
American States.
This process of liquidation
and replacement is one that
any administration - it hap
pens to be the Kennedy ad
ministration - would now
have to be engaged In. The
Administration should engage
itself candidly, boldly, and
constructively, rising above
the present small preoccupa
tions of Mr. Rusk and Mr.
Johnson, to a proposal for a
regional system of independ
ence and security and neutral
ity for the old colonial lands
of South Asia.
This would be a very good
subject for the President to
talk about with Mr: Khrushchev.
San Francisco's noted Union
Square is constructed on land
given to the city by its first
postmaster, John W. Geary,
who was later a general in the
Union Army.
Red China Said Forced To Depend More on Russia
A ; 5
Washington-fllPD-Red China
is In serious economic trouble,
according to information re
ceived in Washington.
American officials said to
day that the Peiping regime
was being forced by successive
crop failures into greater de
pendence on Russia.
There are some indications
that Moscow is making sure
that its Far East partner ac
knowledge this dependence
and all that it means to Sino
Soviet relations.
Red Chinese Leader Mao
Tze-tung's "great leap for
ward" industrialization drive,
already slowed by earlier dif
ficulties, will stall unless So
viet Premier Nikita Khru
shchev comes to the rescue,
officials here believe.
Not Yet Concluded
Negotiations on this year's
Soviet aid agreement were
recessed in Peiping in March,
resumed in Moscow in April
and still have not been con
cluded. Possibly because of this de
lay, the annual spring an
nouncement of Communist
China's production achieve
ments for the previous year
Visitation Day Set
At Jewett School
Central Point - Visitation
day for youngsters who will
enter Jewett Elementary
school as first graders next
fall will be held Friday, May
19, at 1 p.m.
Miss Elizabeth McGalliard,
Jackson county school nurse,
will speak to parents and chil
dren in the cafetonum at 1
o'clock. Following this, the
guests will visit in each of the
six first grade classrooms,
where a souvenir will be pre
sented to each child.
year
and goals for the new
still has not been made.
Red China's bare foreign
exchange treasury and pros
pects of mounting trade defi
cits leave it no alernative but
to seek more help from Mos
cow, U.S. officials said.
TT!TJTTTl
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