Kennedy's First
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
TUESDAY. MAY 2. 19S1
Eftlton Note: On Jin. Id, mi, a
onfldent young man the vounr.
- ever elected to the American
prenuency loon over what 1 Ire.
auently called the tourheit Inh in
-the world. Today 100 dayi later
2" iiunn r. Kennedy naf thoroughly
tested the meaninr nf that t.rriti.
tlon. What have theie 100 dayi
.fceen like? How have they teited
the new President? How hai he
iivuuEa mi we enormoui cnal-
lenref Of a world rnnv1ail lth
Senile? Unlt.d Preii InternaUonal
ulfned to the Uik or appralilnc
atheie 100 dayi a warn ol Ite top
Washlncton expert men who
i.have obierved the new Chief Ex--ecutlve
In action dally. Herewith
It their comprehensive review of
- nenneay-g nrst loo days.
; Washington (UPD Presi
dent Kennedy finished his
-first 100 days in office today.
, They have been days of
-bright promise, of great chal
lenge, of deep agony.
: The young President's trou
bles are as big as the world,
f as far-reaching as outer space.
His administration, symbol
ically born in a blizzard, has
-ifceen riding the fury of a
'world in turmoil.
Jl Wherever he looked beyond
i,the three-mile limit, he saw
-signs of crisis - in Cuba, Laos,
iyiet Nam, the Congo, France
and in nuclear test negotia
tions teetering on the verge
ipf collapse.
ji At home his domestic pro
gram and the national econo-
f"my were moving sluggishly.
The United States suffered
"ttwo damaging blows to Its
prestige last month. The So
viet union won tne race to
riput a man in space. Then
-came defeat for the U.S.-ap-3roved
effort to overthrow
the regime of Fidel Castro in
-Cuba.
' By every meter of public
. 'opinion, the new President's
Ijdisplay of energy and deter--jnination
has won him person
al popularity. The same re
corders have indicated that he
l3ias failed to instill in Con
gress and the country that
J"sens of urgency" he talked
labour last year.
J" He has moved aggressively
c"ln foreign affairs, searching
:for ways to build western uni
'ty and power against the So
viet Union. Except for the
-Initial failure in Cuba and
" growing pressure in Laos, he
can ask for more time before
7 the results are assessed.
( : On the domestic front, he
has fired a score of messages
'to Congress. Where possible,
,. he also has moved by execu
tive action - to feed money
i into the sputtering economy,
1 to open jobs with government
and private contractors for
V Negroes and other minorities.
' His goals are economic recov
ery, greater national econom
ic growth and expanded wel
fare programs.
', Here is the aDDraisal In 1m-
, port areas by members of
i UPI's Washington staff:
f THE WHITE HOUSE
J . By Merriman Smilh
4 The mood of the new ad
t ministation shifted quickly
during its first 100 days, from
J ihe elation of the inaugural
, period to tension over Cuba
and Laos, deep concern over
t Jhe domestic economy,.chagrin
at Russian success in putting
tthe first man into space, the
i sudden eruption of a new
)Franch crisis.
Kennedy and those around
4 him met the challenges with
ihard work and long hours.
Jhe President followed a pun
' ishing pace. He thought noth
f ing of 12-hour days. Some
, .staff members worked even
.longer. Kennery amazed vet
t eran WhiteHouse employees
iy returning to his office dur
' 'ing the evening, even after a
'Jong day. On several occas
t 'ions, he returned to his office
rafter midnight.
,' Before inauguration, Ken
Jnedy was determined not to
get into personal d 1 p 1 o-
rnacy and foreign travel early
Iln his administration. In of-J-fice,
however, the internation
, al facts of life changed his
mind. He found himself play-
Ing host to a stream of foreign
' leaders and he planned two
strips out of the country in
May to Canada and France,
d If there was one descrip
tive word for the first 100
,tiays at the White House, it
t was "active." Errors were
' .made, as in the case of Cuba,
J but Kennedy and those around
i pirn kept driving toward
'. jloble but elusive goals that
J have eluded other Presidents
- stable prosperity and dur
.'able peace.
FOREIGN POLICY
i By Stewart Hentltf
Kennedy has been trying to
let guidelines for long-range
'policy while hampered by the
" need to deal immediately with
'ca series of crises. There has
been intensive review and re-
'. assessment of all policies
' punctuated by specific actions
. forced by the swift pace of
i developments.
'.I The President won British
1 and German approval of his
,' program for strengthening
i NATO. U.S. allies generally
' Jike his calm and non-belliger-''
ent, but firm, approach to
, dealing with Soviet Premier
t.Nlkita S. Khrushchev. But a
' bigger test comes when he
' meets Charles de Gaulle next
. month to try to persuade the
r French president to abandon
''his present policy of non
' cooperation with NATO and
I'the United Nations. And he
' Will le meeting with a de
Gaulle beset by grave new
ioroblems of his own.
lays in 'Toughest Job in the World
100
vlded immediate tests of Ken
nedy's mettle in international
affairs. He won at least tem
porary success when a firm
U.S. stand against Soviet at
tempts to wreck United Na
tions effort in the Congo won
support of majority of Asian
and African countries. The
final outcome is still unpre
dictable. Kennedy's firm support of
the royal Lao government
against further Communist
military inroads, presumably
backed with force if neces
sary, won a pause in fighting
and enabled the British to
undertake diplomatic efforts.
The situation had deteriorated
so far -that Kennedy felt he
would h a v e to settle for a
coalition government giving
pro-Communists some repre
sentation. The anti-Castro invasion of
Cuba presented a delicate
problem ,'n which Kennedy
had to make clear the United
States was not Intervening
but supported the aims of the
invaders. His blunt reaffir
mation of U.S. intention to
block Soviet intervention was
an effort to show the problem
as a Communist threat to the
hemisphere.
On more quiet fronts, the
administration pursued pro
grams aimed at strengthening
relations with new African
nations, increasing Latin
American aid and stimulating
more Western aid to under
developed areas.
INTELLIGENCE
By Donald May
The methods of gathering
and evaluating military intel
ligence gave Kennedy one of
his major problems and were
involved in the ill-fated Cu
ban invasion cttempt.
Most administration offi
cials blamed the failure of
the Cuban rebel assault on a
two-fold intelligence misjudg
ment of Premier Fidel Cas
tro's strength: .
'Underestimation of Cas
tro's police state control over
the people, which prevented
a local uprising.
Underestimation of his
military strength, mobility of
forces and their will to fight.
f Officials said Castro had
more planes and more artil
lery than anyone had thought.
How such a misjudgment
could happen for a small coun
try close to American shores
was the subject of searching
government review.
Other officials denied there
were any intelligence miscal
culations and said the failure
was one of military tactics,
In any case, the whole ma
chinery of intelligence-gathering,
evaluation, and decision-making
were made the
subject of a special study
headed by Gen. Maxwell
Taylor.
At the center of the dispute
was the Central Intelligence
Agency, formed after World
War II and headed by Allen
W. Dulles. The Kennedy ad
ministration expressed con
fidence in Dulles, but took a
hard look at his agency's ma
chinery and its ties with the
rest of the government.
LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM
By Raymond Lahr
After a slow start, consist
ent with the perennial climate
in Congress, the Kennedy leg
islative program has begun to
move. Nearly all of the big
tests still lie ahead. ,
As an alumnus of both the
House and Senate, with 14
years of experience in Con
gress, the new President lias
maintained close and usually
cordial relations with the
lawmakers. Except in the
early battle over reform of
the House rules, he has tried
to avoid excessive pressure.
He has settled for half a loaf
rather than none.
Major completed action in
cludes Senate ratification of
the organization of economic
cooperation and development
and enactment of bills dealing
with supplemental unemploy
ment benefits and feed grain
prices and production. Sev
eral other major bills have
been pushed close to final pas
sage. The lawmakers have barely
started or prepared to start
work on controversial items
on which the outlook is cloud
ed. These include aid for edu
cation, new farm and housing
programs, proposed changes
in highway and business taxes
and higher postal rates.
No action has been schedul
ed in either chamber on the
Kennedy health program, in
eluding his disputed plan to
finance health care for the
aged under the Social Securi
ty system.
As the first Roman Catholic
in the White House, the Pres
ident found himself in the
middle of an argument that
threatened his entire program
of aid for education. The hier
archy of his church said some
of the benefits should go to
parochial schools. Kennedy
said such action would be un
constitutional.
ECONOMIC POLICY
By Edward Cowan
Although the Kennedy ec
onomic program is considered
modest by Democrats of lib
eral persuasion, it has bumped
iito resistance.
The President held off ask
ing for tax reduction or mas
sive public works spending on
the basis of advice that the re
cession probably would end
in the spring. It seems to have
touched bottom.
Kennedy did order some
speedup in present public
works projects and in pay
ments for tax refunds and GI
insurance dividends. Econo
mists generally feel these
moves had only a slight ef
fect on business.
Another administration
move to feed money into the
economy was the proposal for
supplemental unemployment
insurance benefits. This was
one of the first major bills
through Congress.
The President sent Con
gress new budget estimates,
showing federal spending at
$80.7 billion for this fiscal
year. This left a deficit of $2.2
billion compared to a ?79
million surplus forecast by
Eisenhower. .
For the next fiscal year, the
revised Kennedy budget in
dicated spending of $84.2 bil
lion and a deficit of $2.8 bil
lion compared to an Eisen
hower estimate of a $1.4 bil
lion surplus. The administra
tion said the previous admin
istration had underestimated
spending and overestimated
revenue.
To speed up economic
growth, the President asked
Congress to approve a $1.7
billion tax cut to business in
vesting in new plants and
equipment. He would offset
the loss with higher taxes on
dividend income and with
holding levies on interest and
dividends.
The Federal Reserve Sys-'
tern was persuaded to aban
don - at least temporarily -its
long-standing policy of
trading in only short-term se
curities. Here the: goal has
been to check the flow of gold
abroad and to bring down
long-term interest rates.
The gold outflow stopped in
mid - February but govern
ment experts doubt that this
problem has been solved. .
NATIONAL DEFENSE
By Charles Corddry
The Defense department, in
the words of Kennedy's
March 28 budget message, Is
embarked on a "fresh, clear
course for our security in a
time of rising dangers and
persistent hope." Many ob
servers call the fresh course
only an elaboration and accel
eration of Eisenhower defense
policies.
In the missile field, the
new defense team found that
there was no meaningful mis
sile gap - that is, a Russian
numerical superiority which
would tempt the Reds to at
tack. They concluded, as did
their predecessors, that there
was no gap in U.S. ability to
deter global war.
The new program, as re
vealed so far, is based on two
principles:
There must be a retal
iatory force so well protected
that it can ride out an attack
on this country and then dev
astate Russia.
The nation's convention
al forces must be strengthen
ed. This is intended to reduce
the number of situations in
which nuclear weapons might
have to be used.
The administration' appears
also bent on developing guer
rilla warfare forces in this
country and helping other
countries to do the same to
combat subversion and Com
munist guerrilla activities.
The first new moves were
to increase retaliatory forces
and to make them less vulner
able. The Pentagon proposed
29 Polaris missile submarines,
10 more than the Eisenhow
er administration had sched
uled. It planned increases in
Minuteman missiles for bas
ing in underground sites. It
stepped up research on the
bomber-carried Skybolt mis
sile. And It planned to keep
half the Strategic Air Com
mand's bombers on 15-minute
alert for takeoff instead of
the present one-third.
On the conventional arms
and limited t war issues, jet
transports were ordered for
the Air Force to haul Army
forces to trouble spots quick
ly. Funds were asked for mod
ernizing Navy ships and for
a modest increase in procure
ment of conventional weap
ons. While the administration
asked Congress to appropriate
more than $2 billion above
the Eisenhower budget, only
$650 million would be spent
in fiscal' 1062. The defense
spending total is now project
ed at $43.8 billion in fiscal
1962, the biggest m history,
except in Wor.d War II.
AGRICULTURE
By Bernard Brenner
The Agriculture depart
ment has pumped hundreds of
millions of dollars into the
farm economy in three
months.
Eut this is intended to be
just the beginning of a broad
er assault on the problems of
mounting farm surpluses and
declining farm Income. The
administration has sent Con
gress its prescription for a
long-range change in the farm
economy. This is a new sys
tem for developing programs
to .adjust farm production to
the market.
The administration bill
would authorize the secretary
of agriculture, working with
farmer committees, to devel
op new commodity control
and price support programs
on a crop-by-crop basis. The
plans would go to Congress
for review. Those which did
not involve controls could go
into effect unless vetoed by
either House within 60 days.
Control plans could go into
effect only if they won fur
ther approval by two-thirds
of the farmers voting in refer
endum. Before sending that plan to
Congress, the administration
won passage of an emergency
bill to raise 1961 price sup
ports for corn and other feed
grains. The bill was designed
to cut feed surpluses by re
quiring farmers who want
supports to cut acreage in re
turn for land-retirement payments.
The boosts in feed grain
administrative action to In
crease farm income by raising
supports for other major prod
ucts including milk, cotton,
rice, peanuts, soybeans, flax,
and dry beans.
To give farmers springtime)
cash, the administration tap
ped reserves to Increase feder
al farm credit funds, and eas
ed credit regulations.
. It also moved to expand its
food donations to the needy
at home and its food-for-peac
supports were coupled with program abroad.
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V QUALITY VMP1 J
The R. A. Holmes Agency ;
SINCE 1909
Medical Center Bldg. Phone SP 2-4444
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If you're not a native of the Northwest (and one out of every three of
us came here after World War II), you know just how true this map is.
And un-funny. Thousands of otherwise enlightened Americans still regard
New York as the center of the solar system, and Portland as a trading
post somewhere south of Sitka! In drawing up their vacation plans, these
people unfortunately rule out the Northwest as an isolated wilderness
accessible only by wagon train.
Other than hometown pride, why should you care if these out-of-staters
feel that way? The answer is basic dollars and sense. Tourists are Oregon's
3 industry. More than 6 million of these Easterners and Californians,
and Midwesterncrs, and Southerners, and Canadians still manage to visit
us every year, leaving behind 170 million good spendable dollars. They
spend about $6 a day, or about $20 for the average family of 3.3 people.
(Did you ever see 3l0ths of a tourist?) Suppose your community figures
out a way to attract an additional 100 families per day for the 90-day
tourist season. This could be the same thing as enticing a new industry
with an $180,000 annual payroll! See what we mean?
' What can you do? Plenty! Turn State's witness. Be a one-man Chamber
of Commerce. Make yourself Insufferable with your out-of-state friends.
Be a "Texan." (You've certainly got more to shout about.) Tell the next
Californian you see about our lakes and seashores and mountain peaks'
and festivals and boorning cities and more.
When you're traveling in other states this summer, proselyte for Oregon
all the way. Spread some of our famous Oregon hospitality around. Convert
these myopic out-of-staters into far-sighted Oregonians - maybe they'll
bring their industries and their fat payrolls with them. Every new industry
and every new family who moves here benefits all of us.
We're with you! The men and women who work for Pacific Telephone
Northwest (all 6.000 of us) have picked this state for our home. We're
here for keeps. Like you, our future is invested in Oregon. Join us and
the Chambers of Commerce and the State Government - in making this
the most traveled, the most prosperous stute in the nation!
ABOUT THE MAP: This marvelous
factual fiction is the Inspiration of
Minnesota-native Daniel K. Waiting
ford who was amazed at how little
New Yorkers knew about America. It
is copyrighted and was published in
1939 by the Columbia University
Bookstore.
If you have any misguided out-of-state
friends who plan to visit you this
summer, give us their names and ad- ,
dresses and we'll send .hem a free
reprint of thb ad and other informa
tion about Oregon. Write: Economic
and Industrial Development Office,
Km. S01, 509 S.W. Oak Street, Port
land 4. Or call CA 6-5978. Or contact
your local Telephone Business Office.
Left leU the world about Oregon I
PACIFIC TELEPHONE NORTHWEST
PT Or IN RAhO WiH ItU ITItfd
Congo, Laos, and Cuba pro-