4 A
verjrone In Southern Oreson
Beads Tin MaTi Tribune'
Published Dally except Saturday by
MEDFORD PRINTING CO.
33 North tit St., Ph. 8P2jjUl
"""ROBERT W. RUHL. Editor
HERB GREY, Advertlalnf Manaser
gerald t Latham. But. Mgr.
ERIC W ALLEN JR., Mne. Editor
EARL H ADAMS, City Editor
HARRY CHIPMAN, Teleg. Editor
RICHARD JEWETT, SporU Ed tor
DALE ERICKSON, ClrculaUonjjg-
An Independent Newspaper
Xntered aa second class matter at
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March 3, 1897
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ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL EDITORIAL
O
Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the fllei of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 yean ago. '
10 YEARS AGO '
May 1, 1991 (Tuesday) ;..
The Medford, city council
will consider a proposed re
zoning of the city when it
meets in regular session to
night. ' ' ;
A combination May day
and health day program wag
scheduled at all Medford pub
lic grade schools this after
noon. 80 YEARS AGO
May 1, 1841 (Thursday)
Mrs. Franklin Delano Roos
evelt stopped here briefly to
day en route to a Eugene
speaking engagement.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "The
rain the past two days Is offi
cially blamed on a low pres
sure area 900 miles west of
Cape Mendocino, and a farmer
on Ross lane having some hay
down."
30 YEARS AGO
May 1, 1831 (Friday)
Rnu .inline Meier has ap
pointed Rufus Holman to suc
ceed the late Thomas B. nay
as Oregon state treasurer.
Morifnrrf voters todav will
decide whether the city
should spend Z3,ooo to pur
chase the former Washington
school grounds for the new
county courthouse site,
40 YEARS AGO
May 1. 1821 (Sunday)
The Medford Chamber of
Commerce has appointed a
greeters committee to wel
come new arrivals, to the city.
Joshua Patterson, pioneer
resident of the valley and for
mer county commissioner who
was noted for his contribu
tions to the county's road net
work, died today.
60 YEARS AGO
May 1, 1911 (Monday)
Officials of the Pacific
States Telephone company
are meeting here this week to
determine the advisability of
establishing a divisional head
quarters In Medford.
Post office receipts here in
April are up 14 per cent over
the same month a year ago.
Vhst't Ycxr I.Q.7
Nine or ran correct l aneerlet;
eve er eight la excellent; five ei
an is eeed.
1. With which Presidents do
you associate these slogans:
"The Full Dinner Pail," "The
Big Stick," and "Back to
Normalcy"?
2. The U.S. was the first
country to grant nation-wide
suffrage to women, true or
false? -
3. Asuncion is the capital of
which Latin American coun
try? 4. A million Is how many
thousai 1?
9. Are sheep born with long
or short tails?
6. With what activities do
you associate a peavy, a taw?
' 7. The movement that led
to the organization of the Con
federate States of America
was begun in which Southern
State? . w
8. The epithet, "the nine old
men," was once applied to
which body of officials?
9. What is the capital of
South Dakota?
10. What Is a corsair?
' 1. MclCinley, T. Roosevelt,
Harding. 2. False. (New Zea
land). 3. Paraguay, 4. 1000.
i. Long fails. Logging and
marbles. 7. South Carolina, I.
U.S. Supreme Court . Pierre.
10. Pirate.
MONDAY, MAY 1. 1S61
Taking Liberty for Granted
The following editorial, written by Gordon Ran
dal Clark and printed In hit school paper, the Crater
High School "Comments," was first prize winner In
the Jackson county Law Day editorial contest spon
sored by the Bar association. Young Clark, a senior,
won a $28 prize for the editorial.
We continually use
course of a day that we take for granted. We go
f reelv from dace to place and stop to meet with
friends and associates when and where we
choose. We criticize or praise our government at
will. Seldom do we stop to consider that all our
freedoms are made possible because we have
"Liberty under the law." On May 1st we again
recognize National Law Day. It is our desire to
stimulate the people in the acknowledgement
that they do have freedom through the laws.
At no time in the world's history has a judicial
organization been established that has equaled
that of the United States. At no time have people
been so free to say or do as they please ana at the
same time been so well protected.
INDEED, we mean PROTECTED. Too often
people look at the laws as restrictions. Laws
only become restrictions when we are in danger
nt onprnnrfiinc' nnnn snmflOnfi'fl liberties. At the
same time these very
preventing someone eise irom lmenenng wun
our liberties. A basic principle that we should
bnun In .ninrl in t.hnr. laws ara made to nrotect.
not restrict. In America
tfU i. -J
sure iiuerty uui ueunvc
Whenever we think
nra aVinnlrl immArlintaiv
we have liberty because
1 j. 1U .a ,
ana insure mat noei iy.
Monroe Sweetland
The annminf Amont.
Tanrl (T.C,ai'kamaa t.riAf.ne will not be a candi
date for re-election to
. e i i .
help creating a nonow ieenng among we many
who have known of his years of service to hia
follnur-mnn even thniitrh t.hpv mlp-ht heme that
the announcement heralds a larger role in the
national administration.
Senator Sweetland is
pfrrrifia Mr Health and
Mr. Democrat to many,
upon their strongest interest, ana nas oeen suit
ahlv recognized save in one regard his efforts
to serve in high public office.
... He will be greatly missed greatly missed
when he leaves public life in Oregon. We have
too few Monroe Sweetlands who are willing to
give up financial rewards and time for themselves
and families, to Buffer public attacks upon their
actions ana their motives, ana to live wim irus
trations over the ponderously slow public pro
cesses. But, on the other hand, we should be
grateful for having had his services all these
years; and we are. Capital Press, Salem
Safe for Ideas
The president of the University of California
and the Governor of the Golden State have given
what seem to us model statements of the impor
tance of exposing students to controversy.
A furor had arisen because a man convicted
of contempt of Congress for refusal to answer
questions about communism was invited to speak
on the camDUs at Berkeley. Asked to intervene,
Gov. Pat Brown of California refused, comment
ing: "Let the people say anything they want to.
If they do anything criminal while they're speak
ing . . ., then they can be prosecuted."
TO THIS the University president, Dr. Clark
Kerr, aided: "The University is not engaged
in making ideas safe for students; it is engaged
in making students safe for ideas."
This is an attitude which ought to hearten
more timorous administrators, for it goes to the
heart of a main purpose of education. If univer
sity training can t teach a student to be discreet
and discriminating in his selection of ideas, arti
ficial shielding won't help him. Washington
(D.C.) Post
John Birch
The latest publicized
fringe of American life is the John Birch Society.
Lost in a world of fantasy, the John Birchera are
busily looking for Communists in the White
House, the Supreme Court, the classrooms, and,
presumably, under the bed.
In the process they lose sight of the real Com
munists and of the real problems communism
poses in Laos, Vietnam, Cuba and elsewhere.
PRESIDENT Kennedy revealed his role in re
lieving Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker of his
po3t as commander of the Twenty-fourth Infan
try Division, pending investigation of charges
that General Walker was attempting to indoc
trinate that division's soldiers with tho ideas of
the John Birch Society. The President made it
plain that General Walker, who has denied the
charges, will get a fair hearing. - '
. Members of the armed forces are entitled to
IVaIm sMtm vtaOi f a 1 riniAn a 4nof net fa tA all af Vl ttl
citizens of our nation. But it is obviouHly wrong
for any officer of the armed forces to attempt to
indoctrinate his subordinates with the ideas of a
particular political group. It is a fundamental of
our political traditions that the armed forces serve
all of the American people and play no indepen
dent political role in our national life. New
York Times
,f h
many liberties in the
same laws protect us by
our laws are set up to in-
it. .
iu
of "liberty under the law"
rpcnonizfl that this means
we nave laws to protect
I
. I
hv Sen. Monroe Sweet-
the Legislature cannot
J1
Mr. Education, Mr. Civil
Welfare. Mr. Labor and
many people, depending
.
Fantasies
addition to the lunatic
Dennis th
nW WHEN I SING I'VE BFfeN WDBC IN ONTHE
EN I SIMS 'I'VE BF6?M HttMN'flNl
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer,
although under certain circumstances the use of a pan name or Inilal
for publication it permissible. The Mall Tribune reserves the right to
edit all letters with a view to clarification and condense ton. Letters
submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words .The letters
printed In hit column do not necessarily represent the views of the
paper; in tact tne contrary it ettan
Wild Dogs
To the Editor: Before the
curtain rings down on the
cougar tales and experiences
by the present numerous pio
neers of southern Oregon of
the last half century, I am
certainly amazed and most
happy to talk to so many
people for having told me
their own true accounts, al
though some wish to remain
anonymous at their own be
hest. . Now, for a few words on
wild half breed English shep
herd dogs mixed with coy
otes, that once were outra
geous denizens of the forests
adjacent to the Butte Falls
area some 80 to 60 years ago.
According to reliable infor
mation given to this writer
the "wild dogs," as common
ly called, would attack a hu
man being on least provoca
tion. . .
At one time there were a
few "wild dogs" that roamed
the Indian forest land on the
Klamath county reservation
around as late as 1929 and 30.
But probably all are now ex
tinct. , Bert Kissinger .
S20 Boardman St.
; Medford.
Humanities Miseries .
To the Editor: That was a
good editorial entitled "Di
minishing Privacy." Mr. J. P.
Wirth's letter on the same
page aroused me, and I wish
to comment on his letter
headed "Something Benefi
cial." :
Mr. Wlrth makes a good
many statements, some of
which are good, and others
that display a mind that is
surely what is called con
fused or "mixed-up." I wish
to repeat a part of one of the
paragraphs in Mr. Wirth's
message. "Let us divert our
attention to learning some
thing useful and beneficial to
mankind Instead of trying,
the best we can, to destroy,
etc."
Now this, in my opinion, Is
a sound and positive ideal
Humanity's miseries, includ
ing wars, disease and suffer
ing, can be laid at the feet
of those who have ignored
the application of the Ideas
contained in the question
above. Most of the simple
truths that man could live by
to make the world free from
fear, from untimely death, un
necessary disease and suffer
ing, have come from men at
tempting to learn (and teach)
something useful and benefi
cial to mankind.
Here, Mr. Wirth, is a point
you seem to miss - the fact
that most of the simple truths
men need to live by can be
found in the teachings of sev
eral kinds of religions, some
of which are older than the
one commonly known as
Christianity. Most of the
world's anguish, since time
began, has been caused by the
failure of those with wealth
and power to abide by the
rules embodied in your quot
ed paragraph. It is apparent
to those who study history,
that war was never caused
by -the multitude of common
people.
Behind the maze of com
plex causes lies the sinister
amblUon to (as you stated)
"exploit, for profit, one's fel
low man." The Napoleons, the
Stallns, the Hitlers and their
henchmen, like Adolf Elch
mann, were all victims of a
lust for wealth and power,
ignoring every law, every
idea except what seemed to
offer more personal gain to
them.
They are examples of a
"mlxed-up" mind, bent on de
struction. You'll find their
likenesses in the headlines of
every nation's news, where
revolutions and armed strife
arc the topics of the day,
Philip Lee Burnt
Ashland, Ore.
Menace
HUB
tne case.
"The Brewer's Big Hosses"
To the Editor: Beer salesl
Men and women, boys and
girls, have their principles,
their sense of right and wrong,
their manhood s and woman
hood's calls and duties, their
morals, their graces, their all,
crushed and trampled by the
brewer's hosses.
Radio, television, ; sign
boards, magazines, and news
papers all sing the praises of
beers that "cheer," "exhila
rate," and "create the life of
the party." No hunting trip,
vacation, or home party is
complete without beer! Mar
kets and eating-places must
sell it!
Who buys the alcoholic po
tion? Alcohol, the anaesthetic,
the opiate, the stealer of sense
and equilibrium, the lncapa
citor, the highway scourge,
the wrecker, the murderer.
the curse and bane, the coffin-
fillerT Who buys the stuff?
The deceived, the gullible, the
careless, the prayerless, the
sinner; the one who wipes his
mouth and tries to look In
nocent while he uses Cain's
words after he had killed
righteous Abel, "Am I my
brother's keeper?" "
Who sells the stuff? The de
ceived, the gullible, the care
less, the prayerless, the sin
ner; the one who wipes his
mouth and tries to look inno
cent while he uses Cain's
words after he had killed his
brother, righteous Abel, "Am
I my brother's keeper?" Who
sells the stuff? The neighbor
who runs the grocery market,
the eating place, or others pur
veying intoxicants.
Who buys the stuff? My
neighbor and wife, and drink
it before the chUdren young
and older, and my neighbors
get drunk on that alcoholic
potion! Drunk? What is
drunk? Ever put alcohol on an
egg and see it turn white and
cook? Exactly what happens
to the beer drinker's brain
cells when alcohol gets into
his stomach, his blood-stream,
and to his brainl He gets beer-
ed up, his eyes bleared up,
and his brain fogged. He's
anaesthetized, de energized,
sense-robbed, and incapacitat
ed, and let down. Let down
from a lot to a lot: from sobri
ety to inebriation, from good
sense to bad foUy, from de
pendability to independable
ty, from honor to dishonor,
from self-control to its lack
and loss, from someone you
are happy to meet to someone
you desire to shun (especially
on the highway).
The conveyance the nearest
like the famed Hindoo Jugger
naut car of India, under which
men and women were crushed
to death in sacrifice, is hauled
by "The Brewer's Big Hoes
esl" H. R. Bulman
Route 4, Box 316A
Medford
Hot "Fol-de-Rol"
To the Editor: I have read
your editorial "Fol-de-rol or
Necessity?" with the feeling
of amazement and alarm.
One of the most valuable
weeks of my life, I feel, was
spent In March at the Ala
meda Training Center for In
structors through the Office
of Civil Defense and Mobill
zaton. We were given instruction
by top instructors In the Civil
Defense program in the Unit
ed States. Ours was an all-
round course.
I returned to Oregon with a
great feeling of urgency. The
week's training proved to
each of us that we are lack
ing today in plans to protect
the residents of our cities and
our counties In the event of
nuclear, biological or chemi
cal warfare. We learned that
It Is not difficult to plan for
survival. We learned that
each family, If properly edu
cated, will be willing to pro
vide for their own survival.
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MZSFOIID, OREOOH
Diplomats
Crisis; Algerian Arrests To Be
SF ; , thv
Br PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign Mews Analyst
Notes from the foreign news
cables:
Tough Conference
Diplomats in London say
we can expect the Laos crisis
to bo with us for months des
pite any cease
fire and even
if the May 12
conf trne
gets under
way on sched-
u 1 e. Russia
and Red China
will press to
get the Com
munists flrm-
MIVMaft iy esiaouanea
inside the Laos government
from where they would push
for a gradual bloodless take
over. Already the Communist
Pathet Lao have served no
tice they will come to the
conference as "victors." The
Geneva meeting if there is
one, promises to be tough for
the West. The Communists
will try every trick, legal or
illegal.
Algeria Aftermath
Watch for surprises when
the list of those arrested in
De Gaulle's post- Algeria
purge becomes known. For
the time being It Is largely
being kept secret and govern-
ment . sources maintain that
there are no "bigs" among the
names. But other sources re
port that the list might even
stretch into the highest
branches of the government
after further investigation of
information already in the
hands of the French Interior
Ministry.
Bugs
From New Delhi comes
word that the Indians are hav
ing trouble building their
I do not agree that we are
caught between scare tactics
and apathy. Scare tactics, , in
all probability, is a term now
being used in connection with
the effort to properly educate
the people of the United States
in the need for a strong Civil
Defense program. I prefer also
to believe that there is no
apathy in the American pub
lic, that there is, rather, ' a
very definite lack of informa
tion reaching our people to
properly educate them in this
program.
I read with great interest
the quotation of commissioner
Stanley Earl. I agree with the
commissioner that Portland's
Civil Defense program today
Is not based on the realities of
1961. Evacuation of any city
today is highly improbable. I
say this because notification
in the event of attack may
range from three minutes, to
a half hour, or an hour and a
half.
I feel that perhaps General
Hicks' remarks have been mis
understood, as it seems ridicu
lous that any person trained
in recent Civil Defense pro
grams could use the word fol-de-rol
in regard to prepara
tion for preserving the life of
our American people.
We in the United States are
handicapped in the training of
our people in the Civil De
fense program. We cannot say
to our citizens as Russia says
to theirs, "This is your week,
comrade, to take your com
pulsory Civil Defense train
ing." Russia began their train
ing In 1955 and today almost
every man, woman and child
in Russia is trained in the pro
gram of Civil Defense. Rus
sia has gone underground.
It is also true that if each
of our target areas were hit,
all but ten per cent of the
surviving people in the United
States would be affected by
radioactivity in the fallout.
Survival of the 90 per cent
will depend upon prepared'
nets.
Yes, we are caught in ur
gency, but I cannot agree that
It Is fol-de-rol.
Mrs. Earl BIgalow
104 King St.
Medford
Where From Here?
To the Editor: (And Box
268). You are so right! We
know there's an old lunatic
who is tooth and nail after
our side of the fence, tho' he
did thump his fist at it.
He is sly, but diplomatic in
a behlnd-the-bush way.
He visits the small coun
tries, grins lovingly, shakes
hands, gives gifts (some fire
arms), slobbers all over them,
while telling them the United
States is to blame for all the
world's woes, and he makes
them believe it.
Eventually, when he gainj
enough friends - comes the
'grand slam'. He will draft
them to his will and we will
be outnumbered.
What that big, blustering
slicker is calculating is as
plain as the nose on his phiz.
'War' is ugly Just to think
of; but we'd better heed the
handwriting on the wall, and
get there 1furstest' with the
'mostest.'
Better to fight than to be
come slaves under someone
who might make HlUer look
like a dove of peace.
The problem is - where do
we go from here?
' Pearl Spackman
Box 33
Jacksonville, Ore.
See Continuation of
- a
first supersonic jet fighter.
The prototype model failed to
get off the ground In a recent
test and crashed Into a bar
rier even though it developed
a ground speed of more than
150 miles an hour. The plane,
designed by German scien
tist and being built In Banga
lore, had another accident
earlier this year while taxi
ing at the test site. Extent of
damage in both accidents was
not known. , ,
Lott to Space
Despite Russian denials, for
eign military sources In Tokyo
Insist there is evidence beyond
doubt that the Russians had
Hope Seen in Final Actions
Of United
Editor's notes The follow
ing are excerpts lion I
newsletter lo chapters of
the American Association
for the United Nations, writ
ten by Clark M. Elchelbes
ter, executive director of
the AAUN, conunenticg on
the actions of the recently
closed General Assembly
meeting.
. . . The other outstanding
crisis of the closing days of the
Assembly was the Cuban situ
ation. There was confusion as
Washington Report
By William S. White
(ci United Feature Syndicate
FORCE AND RIGHT
Washington - In this large
American corner of the Allied
world a thrill of pride and a
sense of res
cue from dan
ger is stirring
from Charles
de G a u He's
triumph over
the rebellious
French gen
erals in Al
geria. To the high-
white esc omciais
here last week had been a
week of Utter gloom. It was
gloom so unrelieved as almost
to recall the black time at the
turn of the year 1941 when
the American disaster at Pearl
Harbor had been followed by
the fall of Singapore and it
had seemed that American
and British power was to be
driven by the Japanese from
the whole of the Pacific.
In the American hemi
sphere, the Cuban patriots'
invasion of pro -Communist
Cuba, which the United States
had indirectly supported, had
bloodily failed. The life of
Charles de Gaulle's France,
which stands at the heart of
the whole western defense
system, had been brought into
question by the revolt of the
right-wing French generals in
North Africa.
. . e e . .
THERE seemed a real possi
bility that France itself
might be ravaged by civil war
and thus that the whole North
Atlantic Treaty organization
might be deeply shaken if not
destroyed.
Today, however, official
Washington rejoices that If
the position in the Caribbean
remains dark, an even greater
period has been lifted from
all the Allied world by Presi
dent de Gaulle's unshakeable
firmness In dealing with the
rebels.
So tightly and totally Is the
West bound together, all for
one and one for all, that this
escape from common danger
has been scarcely less wel
comed there than it is wel
comed here. President Ken
nedy had arranged to go to
see De Gaulle in late May in
what was to be by all odds
both the most important and
the most decisive of all his
high-level conferences.
rpHE core of the Kennedy
plan for strengthening the
inairai , i i Li
Try and Stop Mo
By BENNETT CERP-
A POIGNANT MEMOIR of Sir Cedric Hardwicke concerns
the evening that Ellen Terry, then close to 80, elected
to have another go at the demanding role of Portia in "The
Merchant of Venice."
When the time came
for her to deliver the
familiar "quality of
mercy is not strained"
speech, poor Miss Terry's
face suddenly blanched.
She cudgeled her mem
ory in vain for a moment,
then moved down to the
footlights and said for
lornly, "I ara a very silly
old lady and I cannot
remember what I have to
say."
Members of (he audi
ence shoutel tho lines to her, Mist Tarry smiled her thanks
and the show went on.
In Palm Beach, a socialite told a bridge columnist quite serf,
eualy, "My wife scree the game of bridge passionately. It tWt
kr something to occupy her mind while she's talking!"
asieti w m rw, TM-n-4a wp f rm,,,, , nUMt
M
several failures before tney
nut Vnri r.aoarin into orbit
around the earth and returned
him safely. What's more, they
said there also Is evidence
that one Russan still is out
there in space. The Russians
never recovered him.
K and K Meeting
The Soviet Communist
Party is planting the propa
ganda basis for a Khrushchev
Kennedy meeting, though not
necessarily a friendly one. In
a memorandum sent to satel
lite parties, it opposes the
Communist Chinese vicr: thst
such a meeting would contra
dict Marxist principles. The
Nations Assembly
n tha extent of the landings
of the Cuban exiles and what
support they had received
from the United States or any
i-.ntral American reoubllcs.
The Communist bloc and a
few others made bitter critt
clsms of the United States.
But tha eeneral mood Of
most of the delegates was to
evniri rritiriam 01 tne uniiea
States and to try to agree
upon mild resolution intro
duced by seven Latin Ameri
can nations reminding United
Nations members of their ob-
western defensive system lay
in his purpose to bring the old
French' leader into a closer
relationship' with the rest of
the West But only days ago
it bad appeared very doubtful
that much could come of a
Kennedy mission to a Paris
in chaos. ' It had even been
distinctly possible that the
mission could not be under
taken at all.
But now, this nightmare, aV
least, has been lifted. And
surely the morale of all the
West has been lifted, too;
beyond doubt this is true in
Washington. For De Gaulle
has given to all the West a
memorable lesson.
When his senior officers
mutinied in Algeria, ho inn
faced a cruelly dangerous di
lemma, should he, act with
ruthless force, though for all
he knew then to act might be
to bring shooting to his coun
try - and also that ha mloht
fail anyhow and so bring a
clamor of criticism and second-guessing
upon his own
neaur
Or should he wait, and tem
porize, and negotiate? The
generalissimo did not hesi
tate. He acted, and he never
looked back. '
MR. Kennedy in spirit had
u.,c umi-ij uie same in
his own dilemma. He had to
decide whether tn sfrnnsla
the counter-revolutionary ac
tion or me smi-caatro Cu
bans, which seemed then in
fair prospect of success, or tn
let it go on. He let it go on.
Ana u aid not work.
His command decision,
therefore, earned the cold re
ward of failure. De Gaulle's,
however, has won the warm
reward of success. So the
free world has lost on one
front, but won on another.
Thus it would appear, su
perficially, that the Jutt use
of power is justified by suc
cess but is condemnor! whan
it falls. All the same, the
central lesson of De Gaulle
stands like a rock of truth
above all thie rririn ,
quibbling. It has been put in
a Drier sentence by Max
Freedman of the Manchester
(England) Ouarlun In Mi-nll.
Ing a quotation from the
philosopher Pascal: "Force
and right rule this world;
force until the right is resdy."
Laotian
at. - '
surprise
I SSiif Imt Vttp aeve rw
Soviet letter says personal
contact between East - West
leaders Is urgently necessary,
East uerman diplomats re
ported. . V. "
OaUskeU Reversal '
British Labor Party leader
Hugh GaitskeU has suffered
another rebuff in his attempt
to get his party to renounce
its official position demanding
unilateral disarmament for
Great Britain. He had railed
heavily on leadership of the
million-member Amalgamated
Engineers Union to lead the
way for him but lost out at the
union's annual conference. :
ligation to settle their disputes
by peaceful means and urging
all members "to take such
peaceful action as is open to
them to remove existing ten
sion." .
We must face the fact, how
ever, that in the Cuban matter
the United States was on the
defensive. Let me say that the
value of the United Nations
has never been better demon
strated than in the confusing
situation of the last few days.
It was very healthy to have
the Cuban Situation aired in
the General Assembly. If the
confusing events had taken
place In a world of anarchy,
much greater fear and Suspi
cion would have gripped the
world. In the United Nations
one feels that in debate, often
ill-tempered and where Issues
are grossly exaggerated, the
searchlight of truth helps.
Draws Conclusions
There are several conclu
sions that I should like to
draw. One Is that the dire pre
dictions that the United States
would be hopelessly outvoted
and could not hold its own in
an Assembly where so many
new states have been admitted
have not been realized. The
positions of the United States
were maintained quite well. I
firmly believe that where
United States polices are right
and clearly expressed and as
long s it treats all nations
with equal dignity and respect
the United States will find
that it will hold its own very
well in the growing Assembly.
I should also like to point
out what I believe is a grow
ing sense of responsibility on
the part of many of the Unit
ed Nations members. . There
was a realization of the world
catastrophe that would result
if the Congolese operation
was permitted to fail. We
must remember that there are
ninety-nine members of the
United Nations with varying
backgrounds and degrees of
sophistication. But in the col
lective action and reaction of
many nations, a sense of re
sponsibility is growing.
Third, the Soviet Union was
less effective in its attack on
the Secretary-General than in
the sessions of the Assembly
last fall. In an Important reso
lution passed on the Congo,
there was this phrase refer
ring to the General Assembly:
"Considers it essential that
necessary and effective meas
ures be taken by the Secre
tary General immediately to
prevent the introduction of
arms, military equipment and
supplies Into the Congo, ex
cept In conformity with the
resolution of the United Na
tions . . . " The Communist
bloc wished to strike out the
reference to the Secretary
General. On roll call vote they
were defeated by eighty-three
votes for referring to the Secretary-General
and only elev
en against, with five absten
tions. Those voting for the
deletion of the reference to
the Secretary General were
principally the Soviet bloc
states.
Enhanced Position
Fourth, the United States
enhanced its position of lead
ership by voting in sympathy
with the new states against
the colonial system in the An
gola dispute.
And finally, In the three
great crises confronting the
world at the present time
Laos, Cuba and the Congo-
it is noticeable that the one
issue in which progress now
seems to be made Is in the is
sue before the United Nations
the Congo. Here the collec
tive will of many nations
pssses judgment based on UN
principles.
There ara those who some
times talk about the cumber
some machinery of the United
Nations, the irresponsibility of
some of its members, and the
length of Assembly debates.
The fact remains, however,
that unilateral or bilateral ac
tion has little to recommend
it In comparison.
The slutation In CuWa is se
rious and Communist penetra
tion there is dsngerous. It is
of the greatest importance
that the United States main
tain Its moral position by re
solving that any action it
takes must be multilateral ac
tion consonant with the Char
tar and the machlney of the
United Nations and the Or
ganization of American States.