MONDAY. APRIL 17. 1961
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MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
CIVIL WAR
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V j V i YAH -
WAR SPIRIT The shots that toppled the
Stars and Stripes from the ramparts of Fort
Sumter signaled the uprising of a war spirit
in the north greater than was ever seen.
President Lincoln proclaimed that rebellion
had broken out in the land and called for
75,000 soldiers to put it down. Gov. John
A.. Andrew of Massachusetts has set his
militia to drilling in early January and by
the middle of April, 1861, he had four regi
ments ready to move. This drawing shows
the 6th Massachusetts Regiment marching
past the State House at Boston on April 17,
1861, as they prepared to leave for Wash
ington and the war.
(UPI Telephoto)
The North Springs Into Action
By MEHTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
The shot that toppled the
Stars and Stripes from the
ramparts of Ft. Sumter sig
naled the uprising of a war
spirit in the North greater
; than ever was seen. ,
Dormant alrnost to the point
of indifference through the
five months of suspense be
tween the election of Presi
dent Lincoln and the firing
on Sumter, northern public
f opinion exploded with , the
news of the bombardment of
the ' Charleston, S. C, fort
Sumter had snowballed into a
symbol of the Union far above
its military value to either
the North or the ' South and
the North seized the opportu
nity to release its emotions.
Rebellion Breaks. Out
Maj. Robert Anderson and
his powder - stained garrison
had not yet started for New
York after 34 hours of bom
bardment to become the dar
ling's of the Union when Lincoln-proclaimed
that rebellion
had broken out in the land
and called for 75,000 soldiers
for three months service to
put it down. '
Lincoln and his . cabinet
spent Sunday,' April ii, 1861,
the day that Anderson low
ered the Sumter flag, drafting
the proclamation. The country
learned of it in the morriirig
newspapers of April 15.
The President called on all
loyal citizens "to redress the
wrongs already long enough
endured." He called the roll
of seceding states and said
that they represented "combi
nations too powerful to be
suppressed" by ordinary gov
ernmental means.
Each loyal state was to fur
nish a quota - New York 17
regiments, Pennsylavnia 16
and so on down the list, each
regiment to be 780 men. Five
states - Virginia, North Caro
lina, Kentucky, Tennessee and
Missouri - rejected the call
Maryland and Delaware made
conditional answers,
Lincoln set a deadline. "I
hereby command the persons
composing -the aforesaid com
binations to disperse and re
tire peaceably to their abodes
within 20 days." That inflam-
, ed the South and cheered the
North.
Lincoln was acting under
the constitutional .. mandate
: that the President must en-
; force the laws. He appended
a paragraph calling Congress
: into special session on July
;: 4, 1861. Meantime he would
act on his own under emer
gency powers. ' '.
What happened when the
' proclamation reached the
; North has been called "the
uprising of the people."
Crowds flocked into the
streets and to mass meetings,
bands played patriotic airs on
street corners and in parades.
Only a few militia compa
nies existed in the North and
they were mostly ceremonial
and social organizations. They
responded in dress uniforms
better suited to ballrooms
than to battlefields. New com
panies formed faster than
Army officers could muster
them into the federal service.
Far from the end of a tele
gaph wire, Gov. Samuel J.
wood of Iowa was working in
his cornfield when a courier
rode in with the proclamation
and told him that the Presi
dent wanted him to raise a
regiment. Kirkwood wonder
ed if the state could raise a
whole regiment. In a few days
he had 10 and was appealing
to Washington for arms, i
Crowds marched on pro
southern newspaper offices in
New York and forced them
to fly the Union flag.
In Pittsburgh, hangman's
nooses were draped from
lamp-posts with placards read
ing, "Death to traitors." -
Callers hastened to the
White House that Sunday eve
ning to , renew their pledges
of allegiance and offer their
services. Chief among them
was Stephen A. Douglas, Lin
coln's, long-tiirie political oppo
nent. Douglas pledged his sup
port on the spot, prepared a
statement for the press to go
with the proclamation and
took off on a western tour to
arouse Democrats to the side
of war. This was Douglas'
last bit for his country. In a
month and a half he was dead.
Little Planning v
But for all the enthusiasm,
there was little planning, lit
tle realization of what was
ahead, few arms and a danger
ous ' scarcity of equipment.
Gov. John A. Andrew of
Massachusetts had seen far
ther ahead than most. He ha'd
set his militia to drilling in
early January. April 16 found
four regiments - his quota
was two - maneuvering on
the Boston Common. The 6th
Massachusetts, 800 strong,
started for Washington first
and by April 19 was marching
through Baltimore.'
Secessionists were strong in
this third city of the country
and they took over from the
authorities for nearly a week.
The 6th was attacked as it
marched from one railroad
station to another. The militia
men fired back.1 Four of them
were killed and a dozen civil
ians in the mob died. But the
regiment arrived in Washing
ton at 5 p.m. the same day,
carrying its dead and wound
ed on litters. The day before,
five companies of Pennsylva
nia militia had arrived in the
capital but thc-y had only 34
muskets among them and no
ammunition. That with some
District ' militia made up the
Washington "garrison."
.' "niHmore secessionists
cut the railroad bridges north
the city and Washington
was isolated with hostile
Marylanders west, north and
east..
Virginia, after hesitating
for months, voted to secede
April 17 and that completed
the ring of enemies around
the capital. The Virginia or
dinance of secession was to be
voted on May 23 but Lincoln's
call for troops not only had
jarred Virginia out of the
Union but also made ratifica
tion certain. The state tum
bled into the Confederacy
without further ceremony,
, Virginia had been planning
too, and on April 18 her
troops marched on the U. S
arsenal at Harper's Ferry. The
federal, .garrison of 45 was
tipped off and had time to
destroy much of the muni
tions before it fled, but the
Virginians saved enough for
a good start towards arming
themselves
Blockade Proclaimed'
Farthest , reaching of any
move in the first busy week
of war came April 19 when
President Lincoln proclaimed
a blockade of all Confederate
ports. The blockade was un
enforceable at the momeni
for the Union's small Navy
was scattered around the
world, but in time this early
move would slowly strangle
the Confederacy.
On April 21 Virginia troops
seized the Norfolk, Va., navy
yard, a storehouse of cannon,
machine shops and powder.
The federal troops succeeded
in destroying some of the
war material, but great
amounts fell into the hands
of the Confederates.
This was action at long last.
The North settled to its tasks
-tasks at which the South had
been busy for months.
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