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Federal Aid To Schools: Two Sides of Controversy Are Presented
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By LOUIS CASSELS
... Washington -flJPD- One of
every eight children in the
United States receives his ed
ucation in a school operated
by .the Roman Catholi
church. .
. The 12,700 Catholic elemen
tary and high schools are fi
nanced at present entirely by
private funds - tuition pay
ments, contributions and en
dowments. ,
Some Americans, including
the leading prelates of the
Catholic church, contend that
a constitutional way can be
found to include these reli
gious schools in any program
of federal aid to education
which may be enacted by
Congress.
' Others, including President
Kennedy, a Catholic, assert
that use of tax funds to sup
port parochial schools would
be unconstitutional. " 1
Beyond the constitutional
issue, there is a further dis.
pute as to whether public aid
for parochial schools would
serve or harm the national in
terest. ; ' --.' '
Produces Sharp Cleavage
This controversy has pro
duced one of the sharpest
cleavages -. between- religious
groups in American history,
with Catholics generally ar
rayed on one side, and' Protes
tants and Jews on the otner,
The Catholic position is
' that parochial school children
have a right to participate in
any distribution of federal aid
funds, and that to exclude
them would be discrimina
tory, unjust, and detrimental
to the nation's overall
strength and welfare.
In support of this position,
leaders of tiie Catholic Hier
archy have advanced the fol
lowing arguments:
i 1. Catholic schools are
"performing a public, func
tion" by supplying more than
5 million American children
with an education which is ac
cepted by the various states
as fulfilling their require
ments of compulsory educa
tion, and meeting their specif
ic standards. At the present
average rate of expenditure
per pupil, it would cost the
taxpayers nearly $2 billion a
year to educate these children
tn nublic schools.
2. The Catholic school sys
tem is suffering from the same
shortages of classrooms and
teachers that handicap public
schools. If the national inter-
Rst : reauires- federal, r aid .to
strengthen nublic schools, it
also calls for improving con
ditions in parochial schools. .
Carry 'Double Burden'
3. Catholic parents who pay
taxes to support 1 public
schools, and tuition to send
their children to church
schools, are carrying a heavy
"double burden." It would be
"unfair" to ask them to pay
higher taxes to underwrite a
federal aid to education pro
gram from which their own
children would derive no Den
ef its.
Leading Protestant and
Jewish bodies,- including the
National Council of Churches
and the American Jewish Con
gress, declare that federal aid
to parochial schools would be
detrimental to the national in
terest, even if it were consti
tutional which, they add, it
isn't. -In
support of their position.
they make the following argu
ments: -
l.'If tax funds are made
available to private schools,
it won't be long before many
different religious bodies and
other groups will be lining up
at the Treasury for their
share. The net result will be
a "fragmentation" of educa
tion in the United States
which would gravely weaken
and possibly destroy the pub
lic school system. Also, if a
large proportion of America's
children are educated in sep
arate religious schools, instead
of going to public schools to
gether, the nation will suffer
"cultural schisms" which will
seriously impair its strength
as a united democracy.
Fear Government Control
2. Any use of tax funds to
aid religious schools would
constitute an historic breach
in the national policy of
church state separation, which
is deeply embedded in Ameri
can tradition if not absolute
ly required by the' Constitu
tion. It is a short step from
government money for church
schools to government money
for other religious enterprises.
3. Bachelors, childless cou
ples and many other citizens
who do not use the public
schools pay taxes to help
maintain them. There are al
most as many Catholic chil
dren (upwards of 4 million) in
public schools as there are in
parochial schools. And all
Catholic parents are free to
send their children to public
schools if they wish. There
fore it is fallacious to argue
that a federal aid program
limited to public schools "dis
criminates" against Catholics.
This summary of the main
points of the dispute does not
cover all of the arguments on
either side. But it does indi
cate how complex and divi
sive 'this issue is.
ijTRIBUNE
MEDFORDH
SECTION B MKDFORD, OREGON, FRIDAY, APRIL 14. 1961 : PAGES 1 to 8
. " 1 l-v .-.v, , ";.- , -3l
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MISS FLORIDA-Annette Baker, right, of in Sarasota on June 20, 1960. Miss Baker,
St. Petersburg, Fla., poses with Kathy Mag-' 20, has been named as the new Miss Florida
da of Fort Lauderdale after Miss Magda .after Miss Magda, who was secretly-mar-was
crowned Miss Florida at the pageant ried last November, resigned.
(UPI Telephoto)
Hearing Aid Business Booming
Doubling of Volume Seen Near
By HENRY J. BECHTOLD
UPI Financial Editor
New York - Hearing aid
sales have been booming, yet
fewer people seem to be wear
ing them.
Behind this
modern para-
d o x are the
g r e at strides
being made in
perfect ing
electronic aids
that .tuck out
of sight be
hind an ear,
Bechtoid ' or are niaaen
in' eyeglass frames.
This success in miniaturiza
tion and camouflage has turn
ed the hearing aid industry
into a $60 million annual
business, and expectations are
for a doubling or tripling of
this volume in the not too dis
tant future, according to the
president of Otarion Listener
Corp. '!. -'
Leland E. Rosemond noted
that 'about 1.5 to 2 million
persons now . wear various
types of hearing 'aids, .' but
about 5 to ', 8 , million more
need them. ! . - -.
But he is confident that as
people learn' how inconspicu
ous modern aids are, ana now
well they improve their hear
ing, they will turn to tnem
in increasing numbers. .. ,
High fashion has come to
the hearing aid field with
slim, modish eyeglass frames
that give no hint of the full-
range aids contained in them.
In another significant ad
vance, Rosemond said his
firm has a microphone small
er than a fingertip which is
buried in the bridge of eye
glasses. This front hearing
brings in the 'voice of a per
son facing the wearer above
the babble of a crowded room.
Rosemond started in- the
hearing aid business 30 years
ago, and in 1954 bought Otar
ion. It was that same year
that the Ossining, N. Y., firm
brought out ' the eyeglass
frame hearing aid which was
an instant success, and today
accounts, for the vast' major
ity of- industry sales.
There are two basic types
of hearing aids-bone conduc
tion and air -conduction. In
the former, sound vibrations
are transmitted through the
bone behind the ear to the
middle eye, bypassing the
outer ear. In air conduction,
amplified sound is led direct
ly into the ear canal.
To determine what type of
aid - is needed and whether
for one or both ears, audioti-
cians carefully test a person's
hearing to decide the level
and type of loss.
Rosemond explained that
some persons may hear very
well at the middle frequen
cies and not at the higher
ones where "s" sounds are
formed. Others may not hear
low frequencies. But he feels
that mere tone testing is not
enough. ,
"People don't listen to
tones, they listen to speech,"
he declared. A scientifically
prepared phonetically balanc
list of words comprising all
sounds in English speech are
played from a recording, and
the persons being tested re
peats them.
From this the audiotlcian
prepares a chart showing the
exact' hearing " loss and the
hearing aid is adjusted to am
plify in the needed range.
Enrollment at SOC
Shows 9 Per Cent
Increase Over High
Ashland - Current enroll
ment at Southern Oregon col
lege for spring term exceeds
1,200 which is more than a 9
per cent increase over last
year's all-time high of 1,116
for the term. A breakdown of
the present enrollment figures
show 700 men and 504 women
registered for classes.
Dr. Elmo N. Stevenson,
president of Southern Oregon
college, stated that the in
crease was a significant
achievement in view of t h e
fact that the economic situa
tion in the region has not
been at all favorable during
the past few months.
Dr. Stevenson pointed out
that the reason for the vastly
increased enrollment was that
students from various high
Largest Fishing
Net Developed
Portland - (UPD - A fishing
net longer than a football
field has been developed by
the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries.
A spokesman said it may
revolutionize ocean trawling.
Samuel J. Hutchinson, re
gional director of the bureau
in Seattle, said the net has
a catching "throat" 7,000 feet
square, more than four times
the size of that of any other
midwater trawl in the world.
But despite its size, he said.
the net can be pulled at nor
mal speed by a single trawler
using existing equipment.
The net "takes everything
that comes in its path," ac
cording to Richard McNeely,
fishing gear specialist for the
bureau. It can be used for
fishing all the way from the
surface to the ocean floor as
the -settings are changed.
A spokesman said, "There
may be commercial fish in
the ocean that we don't know
about. Nobody has been able
to sample these depths be
fore." -
; The net is made of nylon,
is 314 feet long with 1.500
000 meshes. Its estimated cost
is $5,000. .,,..,.
rests on commercial uses
schools in Southern Oregon
were beginning to realize that
they could receive a better ed
ucation for less expense.
First year students num
bered 410 and exceeded those
for other years, second year
students at 320, third year
students 210, and fourth year
with 160 enrolled. !
Attesting to the growing at
traction of the graduate pro
gram at the college was the
fact that even though most
of the program is designed, for
summer session, 22 were reg-;
istered in elementary, secon
dary or other classifications
and 47 were listed as special
graduate students, that is
those who are registered for
6 hours of credit or less for
the term.
One of the largest nercent-
ages of gain, ' slightly more
than 35 per cent was in the
rapidly expanding general
studies program which pro
vides a 4 - year deegree pro
viding a broad general educa
tion leading to a number of
specialized fields after educa
tion.
New. from : high schools
were 13 from Oregon and 3
from other states. New to the
campus from other colleges
were 42 students, 20 of whom
were from other institutions
In Oregon state system of
higher education, four from
other Oregon colleges, and 18
from other states.
Fifty - eight veterans were
enrolled, 46 from the Korean
Conflict Act, PL550, and the
balance being from the state
of Oregon with 12 veterans
enrolled.
Mrs. Mabel W. Winston.
college registrar and dean of
women, stated that the enroll
ment figures were not final
as a few registrations have
been held up for lack of tran
scripts, sickness, and similar
reasons.
QUAKE HITS CHINA
Moscow -IUPD- The Soviet
news agency Tass reported a
"strong" earthquake Jolted
western China Thursday
night. Tass said the shock was
recorded by the seismologlcal
station in Moscow. It placed
the epicenter' of the earth
quake east of Kashgar in
are planned in July and Au-1 westernmost Sinkiang Prov
gust. v. ince. . .
Eight Parks To Open April 18
Salem - Eight of Oregon's
overnight camping parks will
open Tuesday, April 18, to
coincide with the opening of
trout season, according to
Mark H. Astrup, state park
superintendent.
They are Collier park, 31
miles north of Klamath Falls
(if weather conditions permit);
Detroit Lake; Fort Stevens
near Astoria; Owyhee Lake
near Nyssa; Susan Creek in
the North Umpqua Forest
highway; Cove Palisades, of
Highway 97; Tumalo, north of
Bend; and Ochoco Lake, near
Prineville.
In southern Oregon, Laurel
hurst State park will open for
overnight camping May 24.
Harris Beach park, two miles
north of Brookings on High
way 101, is already open for
overnight.
Thirty state parks will
open overnight camping fa
cilities May 24 to signal gen
eral opening of camping sea
son, unless weather condi
tions force a postponement.
Generally all state parks are
open to the public for day use
throughout the year where
weather conditions permit.
Astrup said, that all of Ore
gon's parks are in exception
ally fine condition with facili
ties renoyated and improved
during the winter, with the
exception of Ecola State park
near Cannon Beach, which has
been severely damaged by
slides during the winter.
Alan Jumps To Death ,
From Bridge in Salem
Sale m (UPD A man de
scribed as in his middle 40s
climbed over the railing of
the Marion st. bridge Thurs
day and dropped 50 feet to his
death in the Willamette river.
Police said the man's body,
unidentified, was not immedi
ately recovered.
Witnesses told police the
the man splashed into the
water, struggled weakly for
a minute and then went
under.
OLDEST TUG RETIRED '
, London-IUPD-The oldest tug
on the Thames got a chorus Vof
whistles, horns, and sirens :
Thursday on its retirement; '
after 76 years on the river.
The 219 - ton Hiberhia Went:;
into service in the reign pi,
Queen Victoria. !"'.';.
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Disappearance of
judge Anderson
Causes Legal Snarl
Salem - (UPD - A legal snarl
over the disappearance of Cir
cuit Judge Hichard Anderson
of Newport continues in Salem.
The 38-year-old jurist van
ished March 18 on a fllgnt
from Lebanon to Newport in
private plane. A search was
begun after he radioed ne
was lost in a storm but noth
ing was found.
The judge's term runs
through January, 1965. There
is no immediate problem over
the vacancy because the su
preme court appointed anoth
er circuit Judge to temporari
ly sit on the bench at New
port. But tnese juages nave
their own duties at home and
are rotated.
No Evidenc. of Death
The governor can appoint
new judge to succeed one
who dies in office but there
no evidence to date or
Judge Anderson's death. ,
J. R. McCullough, supreme
court administrative assistant,
savs the court's lob is to keep
circuit judges on duty to hear
cases in Lincoln county.
The attorney general has
had no request for an opinion
on the subject and therefore
no action is needed of him.
Sen. Carl Francis (R-Day-
ton) is looking into the possi
bility of legislation providing
for succession to public offi
cers missing and thought to
be dead.
The research thus far indi
cates there may be a question
of constitutionality.
Circuit Judge Ralph Hol
man of Oregon City- is filling
in at Newport now but he
will return to his home coun
ty of Clackamas April 22. The
high court is now lining up
another circuit judge to con
tinue on the Lincoln bench,
Porflander Killed
In One-Car Crash
Richland, Wash. - (UPD - A
75-year-bld Portland business
man . was injured fatally in
a one-vehicle crash near here
Thursday.
Dead was Frank A. Urban
Sr., chairman of the board
of the Urban Plumbing and
Heating company of Portland.
Urban died in a hospital
here about art hour after his
truck left the road and rolled
over at the Hanford Atomic
Works reservation.
The Victim was a subcon
tractor for the Sound Con
struction company, which is
working on a new plutonium
production reactor for the
Hanford plant.
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