12 C
Oregon
THURSDAY, MARCH 30. 1961
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, ORE.
Farms
Show 120 Acre
Increase Now
CorvallLs - Oregon farms
grew an average of 120 acres
in size and went up SO per
cent In value during the five
years between the last two
farm census periods, reports
Mrs. Elvera Horrell, exten
sion agricultural economist at
Oregon State college.
The agricultural census of
1954 showed farms in the
state averaging about 386
acres in size. By the 1959 cen
sus, this average had grown
to 507 acres, Mrs. Horrell
found as she studied reports
from the U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
This change in size resulted
largely from combining exist
ing farms, not by bringing
new land into agriculture pro
duction, Mrs. Horrell said.
Total amount of cropland in
the slate held steady at about
5.3 million acres. After cor
recting for the change in the
census definition of a farm,
Mrs. Horrell found the num
ber of farms decreased by
5,315 during the five-year pe
riod, with around 43,000
farms now in the state.
Farm Valut Jumps
During this same period,
value of land and buildings
per farm in Oregon jumped
from an average of $27,780 in
1954 to $41,689 In 1959.
The 1959 census classified
a little over half of the state's
farms as commercial. Of these,
nearly 70 per cent sold over
$5,000 worth of products a
year, but only 45 per cent
sold over $10,000 worth.
About 100 different prod
ucts come from the state's
farms, Mrs. Horrell noted.
USDA listed the 10 leading
Oregon commodities, based on
estimated cash receipts, as cat
tle and calves, wheat, milk,
eggs, barley, greenhouse and
nursery crops, strawberries,
hay, potatoes, and ryegrass
seed in that order.
Farms are second only to
forests as a source of primary
income to the state, generat
ing more than half-a-btlllon
dollars In buying power each
year, Mrs. Horrell reported.
And this takes into account
only the cash receipts from
farm sales, plus the first step
in marketing beyond the farm
gate.
Taking Into account busi
nesses related to farming,
such as suppliers of goods and
services as well as processing
and distribution Industries,
gives an idea of the full im
pact of agriculture on the
economy of tha state, Mrs.
Horrell said.
Oregon Onions Asked
On Plentiful List
Salem -Division Chief Paul
T. Rowell of the State De
partment of Agriculture has
asked the plentiful foods pro
gram of the USDA to put on
ions from western Oregon on
their listing of foods in plen
tiful supply at this time. That
listing goes to commercial out
lets as well as to school lunch
programs and federal agen
cies purchasing food items.
Rowell says there are near
Iy 500 carloads of these on
ions in cold storage in the
Willamette valley. Shippers
have advised that while these
onions are in good condition
they should be moved before
the first of May, when new
crop onions from southern
states will move to all mar
kets.
Recent imports from Aus
tralia have competed heavily
for markets in British Colum
bia, normally one of the best
markets for western Oregon
onions at this time of the
year.
National Weights
Week Announced
Salem - Max Burns of the
State Department of Agricul
ture helped promote observ
ance of national weights and
measures week In Oregon,
March 1-7. Burns, a weights
and measures man from the
department, is state chairman
of the event.
Purpose of the week is to
call attention to the men all
over the state who help "bal
ance the scales" for the pub
lic. These men check scales,
meters, gas pumps and other
devices to make certain they
are correct.
There are about 14,000
small scales, over 13,000 gas
pumps, 3,000 truck and plant
meters, 7,000 heavy duty
scales among numerous other
weights and measures over
the state which are checked
yearly by a group of 11
weights and measures inspec
tors from the state depart
ment of agriculture.
Some 3,500 officials over
the nation, representing cities,
counties or states, dally test
the accuracy of equipment.
Check weighing prepackaged
products for the accurate net
weight content as printed on
the packages Is a major proj
ect of the weights and meas
ures program. Ninety per cent
of our food is bought in pre
packaged form and many
items are imported from all
corners of the world.
Checking accuracy of gaso
line pump deliveries is anoth
er routine test. Tested with a
five gallon standard, a gaso
line pump on a five gallon
delivery must be correst with
in a very narrow margin, plus
or minus.
African Animal
Diseases Rated
World Threat
Washington - (Science Serv
ice) - Countries badly in need
of meat dare not import it
from Africa because of the
risk of disease.
Dr. Fred D. Maurer of the
Armed Forces Institute of
Pathology said here that con
trol and eradication of Afri
can animal diseases is vital,
Dr. Maurer, who has done
research in Africa on rinder
pest and African swine fever,
charged that the reluctance
of all countries to Import Af
rican animals is preventing
the exchange of food badly
needed.
'This is not only critical to
the world's food supply," he
said, "but it is an important
key to improvement of the
economies of both agriculture
and industrial countries.
'The ever - increasing vol
ume of speed of trade and
travel has provided new op
portunities for these diseases
to spread," he said. "Coun
tries that benefit from mod
ern industrial transportation
must face the problem it has
created. They should help to
eliminate the diseases while
they are localized."
Flics Transmit Disease
Blue tongue in sheep and
cattle is transmitted by Cull
coldes flies, which have a
world-wide distribution. This
highly fatal, viral disease has
been in South Africa since
sheep were imported before
1800, and has since spread
through much of southeast
and northeast Africa to the
Mediterranean. In 1952 it
was diagnosed in the United
States, where it was found in
13 western states. It was
found in Japan in 1960 and
killed a reported 40,000
sheep.
In South Africa the com
mercial raising of sheep is
dependent on the annual use
of 25,000,000 doses of blue
tongue vaccine.
Also transmitted by Culi-
coides flies or midges is Afri
can horse sickness (AHS),
which goes back to 1719. It
has continued to be the most
destructive of diseases to the
equine species in . Africa. In
1959 the disease spread to
Iran, Afghanistan, West Pak
istan and in 1960 to India,
Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Cyprus,
Lebanon and . Jordan, and
losses in these countries were
estimated at 170,000 head.
Two million tons of salt are
used annually in the United
States for ice and snow removal.
Idaho Quarantines
Strawberry Plants
Salem - A quarantine has
been established on straw
berry plants being imported
into Idaho according to an
announcement from the Ore
gon State Department of Agri
culture.
Authorities of Idaho advise
that a quarantine is necessary
to prevent introduction of two
plant diseases and two plant
pests into the state. The dis
eases, red stele of strawberry
plants and phytothphora fra
gariae and the pests, summer
dwarf and aphelenchorides
gragariae, have so far not
been known to exist in Idaho
All Dairies Now
Must Be Licensed
Salem - Dairymen, selling
raw milk in jugs or bottles
are asked to contact the state
department of agriculture for
inspection and licenses.
All dairies with more than
one dairy cow, which are deal
ing with the gallon jug or
bottle trade in raw milk, must
be licensed to operate legally.
Only licensed dairies come
under the state sanitation in
spection and laboratory check
of milk and cream for whole-
someness and butterfat con
tent.
Every spring, when the
cows are turned out to graze
on new grass, there is a sur
plus of fluid milk. Dairymen
who bottle and sell this as
raw milk are operating "jug
dairies." From 50 dairies six
years ago, the jug business has
climbed until at the present
time there are 117 under state
license. Sales of these gallon
jugs are made on the dairy
premises. Such dairies can
qualify for grade A or B
license. Unlicensed dairies can
be shut down by state author
ities and are subject to pos
sible prosecution.
Not Subject
Dairies with only one cow
or three dairy goats, are not
subject to licensing. As a re
sult they do not have sanitary
inspection nor are they re
quired to have the brucel
losis and tuberculosis tests as
often as licensed raw milk
dairies.
Kenneth Carl, assistant
chief of the foods and dairies
division of . the SDA, says,
"because no controls are re
quired of the one-cow dairy,
persons obtaining their milk
supply from this source
should realize they do so at
their own risk with relation
to sanitation and cow health.
If a 'lot of cattle crowd
around salt blocks, the timid
animals and young calves
may not get enough to meet
their minimum needs.
5 J
i mil
"Ska ...
"The Oregon Bank has a great many mail-box
'branches' around this area all open
24 hours a day, 7 days a week."
". , . doesn't sound like bankers' hours to me!"
"Bank-by-mail pays postage both ways!"
'Glad I'm not a banker ... I'd get cramped
working in a mailbox!"
THE ROGUE VALLEY BRANCH EAST MEDFORD BRANCH
1109 Court Street 701 East Jackson
01?
Barley Growers
Urged to Plant
Early, Fertilize
Corvallis - Willamette Val
ley barley growers can bene
fit by planting as early as pos
sible and fertilizing to get
crops off to an early start, re
port Oregon State college
agricultural experiment sta
tion researchers.
Barley test plots planted
early last spring on well
drained soils gave better
yields, higher test weights,
and a lower . percentage of
thin kernels.
T. L. Jackson, soil scientist,
and Wilson Foote, agronomist,
pointed out, however that
temperature and rainfall will
of course influence the ef
fectiveness of early planting.
Growers are also reminded
that early planting will be
successful only on well
drained soils. Details of the
research findings may be ob
tained from Willamette Val
ley county extension agents.
Nitrogen Better
Response to nitrogen fer
tilizer was also better on
early-planted plots than on
plots planted later. Amount
of nitrogen needed will de
pend upon whether the land
produced a legume, grass
seed, or cereal crop the pre
vious year. County agents can
also provide a free copy of
the OSU fertilizer recommen
dation sheet that relates nitro
gen requirements to previous
cropping practices.
Getting barley off to an
early start may help growers
cut down damage from yel
low dwarf virus that has
plagued the area in recent
Good Dairy Farmer?
Check List Indicates
How good a dairy farmer
are you? The following is a
check list issued during the
two-day dairy short course
held in the county court
house last week.
Breeding Poinli:
Do you have a registered
dairy bull with no proof in
pedigree? Have an occasional
animal hand bred? Do you
keep breeding dates? Does
your herd spend 75 days in
milking based on a 12 months
herd average? Do you partial
ly offset unbalanced produc
tion by purchase of fresh
cows?
Feeding Points:
Is your rate of roughage
feeding 2.0 per cent? Is your
feeding index 105, based on
the relation of net energy fed
to net energy required, or is
it 100 or below? Is your per
centage of net energy from
concentrates 40 per cent or
higher? Is your hay light
mixed or no legume? Do you
cut your hay at the heavy
bloom or mature stage? Do
years. OSC research shows
that grain which can reach
the four to five-leaf stage
before being attacked by the
virus can probably produce a
near-normal crop.
More weed control than
normal may be necessary with
early planting. Foote said
spraying for weed control
with 2,4-D should be done as
soon as possible after barley
plants are six inches tall. Re
search shows that spraying at
that time will do no damage
to barley yield or malting
quality if applied at recom
mended rates.
you have an unimproved per
manent pasture plus partial
use of supplemental pasture?
Is the majority of your herd
overweight during most of
the lactation?
Management
Is the milk produced per
man 150,000 pounds? Is the
milk produced per cow 7,000
pounds? Is the average age of
your cows 54 months? Do
your heifers calf at an aver
age of 30 to 32 months? Do
you keep some private rec
ords on your herd? Are you
following Plan C In the bru
cellosis program? Do you
have enough mastitus cases to
be a major herd problem?
Are high bacterial counts a
major problem in your milk?
Do you have frequent cases
of foreign matter and objec
tionable flavors and odors?
If your dairy operation fits
the level of these questions
you may hang on in the dairy
business for a year or so, but
competition will be stiff. And
you should have attended the
short course, you might have
learned something!
Subcommittee Okays
Megler Bridge Bill
Salem UPD A Ways and
Means subcommittee Wednes
day approved a bill authoriz
ing construction of the pro
posed Astor.'a-Megler bridge
over the Columbia river.
Reciprocal legislation al
ready has been approved by
the Washington Legislature
and signed by Gov. Albert
Rosellini.
. The measure went to the
full Ways and Means Committee.
Lack of Standard
Labeling Affects
Dairy Industry
Salem-Speaking before rep
resentatives from Washington
and Idaho recently at the 30th
annual Institute of Dairying
held in Pullman, Wash., Ken
neth Carl, of the State De
partment of Agriculture said
that lack of nationwide uni
form labeling standards af
fects the welfare of the en
tire dairy industry.
Distribution is restricted
and marketing costs are in
creased for lack of such stand
ards, Carl said. "Industry, eco
nomic and political forces,
plus the apathy of regulatory
officials has, in my opinion,
formed the principal areas of
resistance in a move toward
uniform labeling standards,"
he asserted.
Carl went on to say that
in Oregon there have been
frequent revisions of the dairy
laws and regulations in order
to keep them current with
changing industry conditions.
The speaker went on to define
Oregon laws relating to dairy
products.
Look For Laws
"As competition increases,
segments of the dairy indus
try look for more and more
regulatory laws for manda
tory labeling requirements,"
said Carl. In the past, he add
ed, when milk was bottled in
glass containers the cap was
laheled with the grade of
product, marked raw or pas
teurized, the identity of the
distributor shown and the
label was considered to be
satisfactory. But, he said,
"Now with a traveling bill-
Condemnation
Hits New High
Salem-More than 20 stock
cars of meat animals and
more than 427 tons of edibla
parts (liver, head, tongue, etc.)
were condemned under stata
meat inspection during 1960,
the state department of agri
culture reports.
About 80 per cent of tha
edible parts of the meat con
demned was liver, with fluke
and abscesses the main causes
of unwholesomeness.
Altogether there were 1,000
animals condemned under tha
inspection program. Rejec
tions included 855,752 pounds
of liver, heads and other ed
ible parts. Also condemned
were 9,491 pounds of pro
cessed meats.
New High
A new high was reached
in I960 in the number of in
spections made by the depart
ment. According to meat in
spection supervisor Dr. M. L.
Houston, 443,348 head wera
checked in 1960, up 20.6 per
cent over 1959.
However, while 23.7 per
cent more livers were con
demned in 1960 than in tha
previous year, condemnation
of whole animals dropped to
963 from 1052 in 1959.
Dr. Houston states, "Tha
decline in the number o
whole animals condemned re
flects increased recognition
that only healthy animals will
pass meat inspection."
board, that is, paper milk
carton, there is suddenly a
lot of space to be filled up
with extraneous wording.
This keeps authorities busy
separating fact from fiction in
dairy labeling," he said.
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OPtN MONDAYS UNTIL .M.