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Medfohd$2wTbibuni
' "Everyuzie In Southern Oregon
RHb Thfc Mall TWhim1
Published Daily except Saturday by
MEDFOHD PRINTING CO
33 North fir St. Ph 8P 8-011
ROBERT W g0HL, "Editor
HERB GREY Advevtlsinj Manner
GERALD T LATHAM Bus MgT
ERIC W ALLEN JR.. Mnf Editor
EARL H ADAMS, City Editor
HARRY CHIPMAN, Telei Editor
RICHARD JEWETT. Sporta Editor
OLIVE STARC'HER. Women's Ed;ior
: DALE ER1CKSON, Circulation Mir
An Independent Newspaper
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: March 3, 1807
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NEWSPAPER
PUBllSHEKJ
ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL EDITORIAL
llAc6T,tw
Flight o' Time
Medford and ' Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mall Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 years ago,
10 YEARS AGO
No bus service was moving
out of the Medford Grey
hound terminal today as a
result of a crippling bus
strike in seven west coaBt
states.
Some 443 cases of influenza
were reported ,to the county
health department during the
past week, and County Health
Officer A. Erin Merkel said It
is the largest number of com
municable diseases ever re
ported here in a single week.
20 YEARS AGO
County Assessor C, A. My
ers today named deputy field
assessors for the coming year
who will begin their duties
tomorrow.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "Uali-
iornians still have the wind
and the rain in their hair, in
a record breaking display of
weather distemper. There has
been nothing like it since the
1906 earthquake.. Posterity
will probably refer to It all,
as the year of the deadly
calm."
30 YEARS AGO
The Western Pacific Air
Freight lines has announced
plans to use the Medford air
port on a regular schedule.
-, County Agent R. G. Fowler
has reported that experiments
here have developed the first
all-year pasture.
40 YEARS AGO
March 2, 1921 (Wednesday)
1 A new brick and concrete
facing on the Medford city
hall is nearly complete.
Work started on the Med
ford Irrigation district system
today.
50 YEARS AGO
March 2. 1911 (Thursday)
The county court has post
poned construction of a new
bridge at Gold Hill, as it has
become evident that the town
is divided on just where the
bridge should be located.
A passing automobile fright
ened a team of horses on Main
st. yesterday, and they bolted
down the street, only to be
stopped by a passerby who
jumped on the wagon, climbed
out on the shaft and grasped
the bridle reins.
What's Your 10.?
Nina or ten correct is luperleu
ltn 01 eight Is eacellentf live el
la li good.
. 1. Niarobi is the Cnpital of
which country?
2. The diameter of the bore
of a gun is termed the c r?
i 3. Windows usually burst
outward as the result of an
explosion outside the build
ing; true or false?
4. Who portrayed the char
acter, "Clarence Day," in the
film version of "Life With
Father"?
5. Fleas require the blood
of birds or animals (including
man s) in order to reproduce
true or false?
6. Was the Applan Way a
famous Romany highway or a
political thesis?
7. Which coin contlni more
copper, nickel or a cent?
8. Wes It Demosthenes or
Aristotle who put pebbles in
his mouth to correct a speech
defect?
9. The average human head
contains 10,000; 110,000 or
810,000 hairs?
10. Polaris Is the proper
name of which star?
Answerii 1, Kenya. 2. Call
bar. 9. True. (The) explosion
create a vacuum). 4. William
Powell. 8. True. S. Roman
road. 7. Nlcktl. I. Demosthe
nes. . 1 14.000. 10. Norlh Star. I
21
THURSDAY, MARCH 2, 1961
Bishop Pike s Views
The Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Cali
fornia, the Rt. Rev. Jame3 A. Pike, is a man of
strong opinions, unorthodox views, and consider
able courage.
He is also an interesting person. 1
Pm-mai-li, a laKMrat anrl a Rnmnn PjlthnllP. VlP
j. vi Hid iy a 1 1. t () v. i hiiu - - -
left the bar and his church when an adult, to
enter tne Episcopal clergy.
And he has generated some pretty heated
reactions to his statements, both in theological
circles, and elsewhere.
IN THIS week's Look magazine, for instance, he
raises the question of whether the seeds of
racial and religious hatred are often planted by
the churches themselves, by "what they teach,
what they fail to teach, and what they are."
He said that many people responsible for acts
of hate are church members, and, "the sad and
shocking truth is that the roots of bias often reach
back to the pulpit and the Sunday school class."
The article cited examples from religious text
books currently under study in which anti-Semitic,
anti-Catholic and anti-Protestant feelings
can be aroused by exaggerated or misleading
interpretations of the Bible and of history. -
T ONE point, Bishop
"It is disgraceful that people arc being barred from
neighborhoods and clubs on a basis that would have
barred Jesus Himself, due in strong measure to the
Influence of His own church. It is distressing that
regular church members are agents of segregation.
And it is shameful that the rift of the Reformation is
being widened by some churches."
Read in its entirety, Bishop Pike's thesis is
not as sensational as
above would make it appear (nor as sensational
as the nlav tnven it bv the
delves into the sources of bias in church writings,
and cites some scholarly studies now being made.
And yet, his major
enough, if taken seriously
". . . Prejudice is seen as a form of idolatry a
putting of one's group, church or nation above God.
"Christ came to heal, not to hurt. Prejudice wounds
our fellow men. Christians especially should take par
ticular care as we teach His Gospel to avoid sowing
seeds of hatred toward those of His own background
or hatred toward ANY minority group.
-, "He du d for all."
IN ANOTHER, but somewhat related, field,
xjiouuij x inc -10 laioiug uwici. uiuuu jyicooiuco,
this in the area of theological belief.
In a recent article in
leading non-denominational Protestant magazine,
he brought down the wrath of some of his fellow-
churchmen by declaring that much of the Bible
is myth.,
As reported in last week's Time magazine:
"The Gospel, said Bishop Pike, is largely com
municated by means of myth not in the sense of an
Untrue fable, but in the sense of a form used to express
complicated and difficult truth, such as the Garden
of Eden. Writes Pike' 'I do not know a single member
of the Anglican Communion, Bishop, presbyter,
deacon or layman who believes this slory literally.' "
i
DISHOP Pike does not differ from many other
, clergymen, and laymen, too, in his belief that
the Bibical, tales are not
But he has more courage than most to say so.
And he believes that
than the truth," speaking as they do to the heart
and understanding,, rather than to any historical
and exact recountinp; of
Christ Himself used
messages.
.
MOR does Bishop Pike
' hold to" the literal truth of the Bible ; he only
sets forth his own attitude.
Of those who believe
true, In every word, he said :
. "I will quarrel with no one
belief in any Biblical narrative.
all that.
"But as to the meaning which these various nar
ratives are meant to comnuinlratc, all the rest of us
value we do not reject the myth."
As we said, he is a- man of strong opinions
unorthodox views, and
U.A.
How About the
Congressman Edwin R. Durno is, as he de
clared during the campaign and subsequently,
opposed to the creation
tional seashore.
That, of course, is his privilege. He thinks it
would be a "waste of money," that the Oregon
dunes are not of sufficient scenic or scientific
value to be thus set aside, and that the recreation
al aspects can be better handled by other agencies.
So far, so good.
RUT he expressed approval of the Kennedy
IJ natural resources message, which advocated
National Seashores in California, Texas and Mas
sachusetts. In his opposition to the Oregon Dunes, Durno
is in disagreement with Governor Hatfield, sev
eral of Oregon's other members of Congress, a
host of experts who have concluded it has out
standing characteristics
boon to Oregon s tourist
own representative in
thousands of voters who
Fourth District.
We resnoct his opposition, if sincere. Hul. nn
the face of it he would
his own district while
similar projects elsewhere. L.A. i
Pike says :
the isolated quotations
matrazme. either). He
point is sensational
to heart. He says :
Christian Century," the
true in a literal sense.
myths can be truer
events,
parables to convey his
dispute with those who
the Bible to be literally
about (lie litem 1
We are open as to
considerable courage.
4th District?
ot an Oregon Dunes Na
and would be a great
economy, and even his
Oregon, not to mention
think quite highly of the
seem to be runnimr down
voicing no objection to
Dennis the
'Mr. Wilson! I aRouGwr
you a CGARi'
...Communications ...
Letters lo the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer, although under
certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial for publication is permissible.
The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with a view to clarification and
condensation. Letters submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed in this column do not necessarily represent the views of the paper; in fact the
contrary is often the case.
Short-Sighted Bills
To the Editor: I wonder if
conservation-minded Oregon
ians are aware of what dam
ages to the recreational values
of Oregon's hitherto free and
open beaches may be effected
by the passage of House Bills
1316 and 1317. Since the days
of former Governor Os West,
Oregon's beaches were set
aside for public usage in per
petuity. The first step toward viola
tion of this principle was tak
en in the passage of House
Bills 1316 and 1317, which at
the moment still await the
governor's signature.
We may be creating indus
trial slums along our priceless
beaches - all in the name of
"jobs at the moment." This,
to me, seems to be the short
range view. Tourists to Ore
gon have always meant more
sustained dollars thai, any
single mill or , individual en
terprise. With the exploding
populations in California, Ari
zona, Nevada and New Mexico
and with the bulk of our
tourist trade coming from this
area, I wonder if it is not just
plain foolhardy to take a
chance on ruining our tourist
trade along the beaches.
We are spending thousands
of dollars on promotion of
Oregon in national magazines
and millions of dollars to im
prove our coast highways and
have even gone so far as .to
permit issuance of bonds to
build a bridge across the Co
lumbia river at Astoria. All
tills has been done to promote
tourist trade.
House Bills 1316 and 1317
do not have public interest
clauses to prevent the Land
Board, comprised of the gov
ernor, the secretary of state
and the state treasurer, from
giving easements without pub
lic hearing for dumping efflu
ent or what-havc-you into the
surf across our beaches.
I suggest that Oregonians
look into this matter because
these two bills will probably
have the most far-reaching ef
fect on Oregon economy of
any bills that have been pass
ed in two decades.
Beulah Hand
State Representative
(Clackamas county)
Salem, Ore.
Names and Addresses
To the Editor: Your editori
al, The Medical Care Plan,
published Feb. 12, has been
brought to my attention today,
,' Will you please give me the
names of those citizens of
Medford and Jackson County
who are "by and large un
able to afford to pay for their
own health care protection
now."
We will do everything we
can to assisi you in efforts
toward improvement In any
situation Involving the medi
cal profession.
Herbert L. Hartley, M.D.
Editor
Northwest Medicine
500 Wall St.
Seattle 1, Wash,
O
Editor's note: The Jackson
County Public Welfare Com
mission office is at 132 West
Fourth St., Medford; the So
cial Security office is at 1005
East Main st. Either of these
can testify to the number ot
people who are, "by and large,
unable to afford to pay for
their own health care protec
tion now."
Ht Was Wrong
To the Editor: In 13 years
of llvii-.g in Oregon, I have al
ways regarded our seashore
ns a scenic wonder, fascinat
ing lo behold and loaded with
enjoyment and relaxation.
Last Saturday 1 discovered
I was wrong. No less an au
thority than the 4th District
Representative, Dr. Edwin
Durno, was quoted in my
paper, "I do not think It pos
sesses the scientific or histori
cal or scenic grandeur that we
should have in our National
Menace
'Yeah1? What time
does it go off?'
Park system." Because of this
he opposes the bill to create
an Oregon Dunes National
Park.
I want to thank Dr. Durno
for aiding me in better under
standing the Oregon coast.
When I go East for a short
visit next month, I shall ad
vise my friends that I have
misinformed them about the
beauty of Oregon, particu
larly the coastal area.
I trust that Dr. Durno will
continue to tell the people in
the United States that Ore
gon Is not of sufficient inter
est to warrant National Park
consideration and advise the
prospective tourists that there
are other places for them to
spend their dollar. I am sure
Dr. Durno will vote for these
areas to get the National
Parks they desire.
The Fourth District should
be proud of their representa
tive's forthright statements to
the nation. It isn't everyday
we find such a frank member
of the Chamber of Com
merce. L. V. Bahr
. 1595 Bonnie Way NW
Salem, Ore.
Ik Criticised Again
To the Editor: How many
purple hearts does Ike hold?
He spent all his military ca
reer back behind the lines
where it was perfectly safe,
he is hated by all nations
around the world, he did not
dare land in Japan, a nation
we conquered.
Ike has blocked all veterans
legislation, yet when a bill
came up to pay all ex-presidents
a $25,000 a year pen
sion he signed it. How many
taxpayers know they are pay
ing over $50,000 a year to staff
his own private office, how
many know tire taxpayers are
furnishing FBI men still to
guard his life? Does the lady
in Ashland realize the service
men offered their lives to save
her life and liberty? Yet she
condemns them. The brought
our nation to the brink of
ruin. I am not a Catholic but
I back Kennedy to the fullest.
Some people who condemn
unjustly should see their psy
chiatrist. , , .
I am a tntullv rlicui,i
World War I veteran and I '
vote Independent.
C. W. Corey
Phoenix, Ore.
Why the- Complaints?
To the Editor: Just curious
to know why, In Communi
cations, so many people have
so many complaints. I find
If I go along, day by day,
being happy myself and try
ing to make those happy
around me, I don't have time
for anything else, - at least
things to hurt otneis.
Yes, 1 get heartsick just
thinking about the unjust
things we hear said. I have
lived through two world wars
and saw two presidents give
their very life's blood In do
ing their part. So it seems too
bad to me If one lives through
eight years of it and we can
not wish them well and hope
they live to enjoy the few
years left them in the way
they like.
Because the way ' I see it
we cannut look Into the fu
ture, and it could well be wc
could be on our knees pray
ing to God Almighty to have
him back again.
1 am sorry if any one takes
offense at this.
Btrnice Janosky,
Jacksonville, Ore.
Taktt Isiua
To- the Editor; I wish to
take issue with some state
ments in "Christian Econom
ics" quoted in a communica
tion dated Feb. 20 by Dorian
Woods. It states that "Red
China" Is engaged in dope
traffic in order to acquire
western money and to cor
rupt our morals and that
4000 American soldiers are
held there In violation of
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
Iceland-British Fishing Dispute
Up Confusion Over Offshore Jurisdiction
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign News Analyst
The right of nations to po
lice and protect their own ter
ritorial waters is recognized
by international law. How
far those wat
ers may ex
tend is a mat
ter of dispute
over most of
the world.
One such
dispute that
dragged o n
for nearly 30
months and
strained rela
tions between two NATO al
lies involved Iceland and
Great Britain.
It began 0:1 Sept. 1, 1958,
when Iceland declared a 12
mile limit for her territorial
waters, and banned fishing
within that zone. ,
Britain promptly denounc
ed the plan and dispatched
I four frigates to ensure that
her trawlers would fish undis
i turbed. In the cold war pat
Itern, the Soviet Union an-
rules of international war
fare
It is very easy to throw
around accusations if proof is
not required. Serious charges
should be fortified with proof
if fair-minded, persons are ex
pected to accept such charges
as true. Because of travel re
strictions information from
there is largely via refugees
who are refugees because
they do not relish the co
operative system, therefore
they are prejudiced witnesses
and their word not to be re
lied upon, according to our
judicial standards.
Look magazine of Jan. 31
gives the account of a visit
which was arranged for with
difficulty but was recently
made to that country by Ed
gar Snow, who repudiates the
prisoner boogy.
as 10 DreaKing down our
moral structure, we are tak
ing care of that very efficient
ly as proven by inflation, un
employment, mental illness,
crime, broken ' homes, etc.,
etc. Our own economists and
psychologists know this very
well but might even uncon
sciously, find comfort in
blaming someone else for our
own shame.
The Chinese masses have
been "brain washed" into
thinking that freedom from
starvation, disease, illiteracy.
and exploitation are of major
importance to them. I serious
ly doubt if they are diverting
their energy or soil to the pro
duction of opium when their
food supply is as bad as we
are being told. If their judg
ment is no better than that
it seems logical that we need
not be fearful about their
success. Especially should
this apply to those who sub
scribe to the Christian phil
osophy. Once upon a time a verv
good and wise man (guess
wiio and where) said: "And
now I say unto you. Refrain
from these men, and let them
alone: for if this counsel or
this work be of men, it will
come to naught; But if it be
of God, ye cannot overthrow
it; lest Imply ye be found
even to fight against God
Cooperative communism
dcdicaled to the supplying of
human needs which the ex
ploitation system has failed
to supply. Since wc have fail
ed in this we should exercise
charity lo those who are ac
complishing it.
Bert Harr
Copper rd., Box 77
Jacksonville, Ore.
Made Good By Law
To the Editor: Though the
following "ballad" by my de
ceased father, Leon A. Smith.
was written many years ago
the subject matter seems well
suited for the present time
BLUE-LAW BALLAD
Amidst the bannered hosts
that swarm
In the arena of reform,
1 see with pious zeal ar
rayed, The leaders of a great cru
sade, Fired with an iridescent
drcam
A great religion . saving
scheme.
Which In this age of moral
dearth
Must surely be a thing of
worth.
No forward turning of the
hands
Upon the clock their
scheme demands.
Their saving plan Is more
sublime,
For It concerns the clock
of time.
The hands of progress thry
would seize
And turn them back some
centuries,
To bring again the out
grown ways
Of those old Puritanic days.
When church and sttej
n u, tu w ui,
Newsoro
nounced it would recognize
Iceland's extension of her
fishing waters.
In the ensuing teakettle
war, shots were fired but no
blood was let, and the British
frigates suc?essfully repelled
Iceland's attempts to arrest
the trawler crews.
Agreement Reached
This week, the two nations
announced that agreement
had been reached.
Britain will "no longer ob
ject" to Iceland's 12-mile fish
ing zone.
Iceland, in turn, for a tran
sitional period of three years,
will permit British vessels to
fish in certain areas of a 6
to 12-mile zone at certain pe
riods of the year.
In classical international
law, territorial limits were
set at three miles-the distance
of a cannon shot.
Aside from the fact that
such reasoning no longer is
valid, it generally is recog
nized now that a three-mile
limit is impractical and that
international law should be
changed in accord with reali
ties. In March 1960 a confer
ence on law of the seas opened
in Geneva. Majority opinion
leaned toward a territorial
sea of six miles and a fishing
limit of 12 miles.
Formless Pattern
The conference ended in
failure, with the Western pow
ers announcing they would
To guard the land from
moral harm,
And one could learn the
proper mode
Of worship from the civil
code.
The tale they tell sounds
truly sad:
The country's going to the
bad.
Its laws have not the prop
er hue-
They're while whereas they
should be blue.
So with the times thus out
of joint,
Themselves as censors they
appoint,
To supervise affairs of state
And other minds to regu
late, In keeping with what they
decree ,
As spokesmen of the Deity
If their crusade should turn
out well,
It is their cherished plan to
tell . ,
The people of this contin
ent '
Just how their Sundays
must be spent;
Just what they may and
may not do,
And what they must accept
as true.
They preach a new way of
salvation,
Which conquers sin by leg
islation;
A gospel which to gain its
ends,
Upon the civil power de
pends, Nor aims by love to save
men's souls,
But seeks to triumph at the
polls.
If these crusaders all
should meet,
Am.' just to make their plans
complete,
A grand headquarters
should select,
Where everything would
be correct-
Some station which beyond
mishap
Would put their work well
on the map,
And properly would adver
tise The principle on which it
lies,
Their ideal choice would
fitly be
Some first-class peniten
tiary The only place I ever saw
Where men are all made
good fc. law.
Dorothy Swan
L.B. Star Rt., Box 55
Eagle Point, Ore.
All Struggle
To the Editor: In reply to
Mr. Coulter, 900 Murphy rd.,
he states that "our economics
is not an end in itself." Yet
he seems to laud the billions
of dollars in largess that the
government ladles out to the
farmers in the name of de
mocracy. Not that this writer has
any gripe about it, he is sorter
objective as he views our
class society, where it is every
man (or himself and to the
victor goes the spoils. This
writer was only answering
Mr. F. J. Clifford from the
viewpoint of one segment of
society. To look upon our so
cial order objectively we must
realize that it takes might to
correct matters and make
them seem right. The conduct
of our society follows that
pattern very closely. That is
what we call "democracy,"
our way of life.
Our society is composed of
warring groups and classes,
all trying to win a livelihood.
Each is in a struggle to sur
vive. Wc have capitalist and
' laborer, master and wage
slave, farmer, sharecropper
renter and farm-hand; ex
ploiters, thieves and chislers,
confidence men and beggars
doctors, lawyers and scr-icc-
iitii, t u, li luting iiu a"t1kt-
continue to recognize only the
three-mile limit.
Meanwhile, in the rush to
control fisheries, pearls,
whales, oil and other under
sea resources, individual na
tions have established a form
less pattern of claims that
have led to frequent clashes.
For example, Chile, Costa
Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Matter of Fact sy
THE PIECES OF LITMUS
PAPER
London - With somewhat
bated breaths, the Western
policy makers are now wait
ing for the
first real lit
mus paper
tests of the
Soviet atti
t u d e" toward
the new Amer-
' a lean f r e s l-
Honl Tho IT B
A m b a ssador
to Moscow,
Llewellyn
Alsop
Thompson, returning to his
post with a Presidential let
ter to Nikita S. Khrushchev,
is obviously a piece of litmus
paper in human form.
An even bigger, more de
cisive piece of litmus paper
will be applied on March 20,
when the halting negotiations
about a nuclear test-bar. will
begin again in deadly earnest.
Last week, David Ormsby
Gore, the British Minister of
State who has been in charge
of these negotiations, started
men, big business, little biz
and in between, school chil
dren and the aged, the lame,
halt and blind, insurance and
transportation companies, pol
iticians and porters. All strug
gle under our system of free
enterprise.
Fortunately we have very
few dedicated educators, and
what a few we have we could
well do without. God in His
infinite wisdom has a force in
operation that keeps social
systems stable. That is life,
death and change (evolution).
Walter Recce,
' Galice rd.
Merlin, Ore.
Pleasant Vacation
To the Editor: Just now, as
I was packing my bags to
return home, it occurred to
me that I had neglected an
important detail: Telling peo
ple in Medford how much
I've enjoyed my slay in this
area.
I have spent three weeks
visiting friends and relatives
here, and have been impress
ed by the friendliness of peo
ple on the streets, the cour
tesy of tradespeople, the fine
news coverage, editorials and
special features in the Mail
Tribune. I've enjoyed drives
around the surrounding coun
tryside, including a trip to
historic Jacksonville. Another
thing I shall remember with
pleasure is Phil Holman's
"Miss Janitor" show on radio
station KBOY. I found it dif
ferent, sparkling, refreshing
a really unusual program for
a town of this size.
Thank you, Medford, for a
very pleasant vacation.
A Visiting Californian
(Name on file)
He's Concerned
To the Editor: It is with
great concern that I have
read about the proposal to
put a large part of the O and
C receipts into a recreational
program. But, it is of even
greater concern when I realize
there has been no wave of
protest from education groups
undoubtedly wanting some of
this money to help satisfy the
great needs of the community
colleges and local school pro
grams. I presume this reaction is
because of the present school
distribution formula of state
moneys being sent each to the
local districts. Under this ar
tificial formula any O and C
revenue spent for school pur
poses lessens the amount of
"equalization" money receiv
ed from the state.
People In the O and C coun
ties interested in good schools
are caught in an extremely
awkward position. If they
fight for more of the O and C
money to go into school pro
grams, their opposition will
castigate them for cutting
the amount of state support
they presently receive.
1 think it is high time that
members of PTA, OEA,
OSBA, AAUW, League of
Women Voters and AFL-CIO
members take a new evalua
tion of their position and fight
for education's rightful share
of the O and C revenue.
I find it hard to listen to
representatives of these coun
ties as they appear at the leg -
lsiaiure iignung lor more
state money to support their
schools and community col
lege programs while they are
y-i mining me viuaiwu . uu-;
O and C revenues through a
highly controversial recrea-
tion boondoggle and saying '
nothing. While they are downj
in Salem fighting for peanuts;
others are stealing the family
jewels at home.
Stafford Hansell
State Representative
(Umatilla county)
Salem, Ore.
W- 4 ft
Points
Honduras and Peru each
claim 200 miles. Saudi Ara
bia, in a move aimed against
Israeli shipping, claims its
security jurisdiction over ter
ritorial waters extends 18
miles.
South Korea claims 60
miles and has seized numer
ous Japanese vessels to en
force its claims.
Joseph Alsop
preparatory talks with tha
Kennedy administration.
Moreover, Ormsby-Gore's pre
liminary discussions have evi
dently produced important re
sults. Over the week end, he call
ed up powerful reinforce
ments. The permanent British
negotiator, Sir Michael
Wright, the chief scientist o
the Defense Department, the
chief of the Aldermaston Nu
clear Weapons Laboratory,
and other key persons, left
London for Washington on
Sunday. There is optimism
here about early agreement on
a firm, fully united Anglo
American approach to tha
test-ban problem.
THIS wili be a decided nov
elty in itself. In the past,
to tell the truth, a firm, fully
united Anglo-American ap
proach was never really pos
sible, because the American
government's own approach
was neither firm nor united.
There were three reasons
for this infirmity of the Amer
ican attitude. First, there was
a sharp split in the govern
ment between those who
thought a test-ban positively
undesirable, and those who
took the opposite view. Sec
ond, the scientists kept chang
ing the calculations of risks
involved in a test-ban. And
third, no one ever quite de
cided how to weigh the other
set of risks involved in tha
absence of a test-ban.
The optimism about early
agreement on a united ap
proach to the problem arises
from a reported decision by
President Kennedy about the
right balance of risks. Such a
decision was needed, for the
rather simple reason that one
cannot now hope for a ban on
nuclear tests supported by a
really cheat-proof inspection
system. There must always be
some risk of cheating by un
derground n u c le a r tests,
which are especially hard to
detect.
THUS the question is not
whether a risk-free test
ban agreement can be nego
tiated with the Soviets. The
question is whether there is
more risk in an agreement
ending nuclear tests, which is
not absolutely immun? to
cheating, or more risk in con
tinuation of the present situa
tion, which absolutely insures
the eventual spread of nuclear
power to other nations.
President Kennedy and his
chief disarmament planner,
John J. McCloy, have come
down on the side of those who
emphasize the risks of con
tinuing the present situation.
The real advantage of a test
ban, of course, is that it will
effectively close the member
ship list of the nuclear club.
Other nations, in primitive
stages of the nuclear art, can
hardly cheat an inspected test
ban, even though the most ad
vanced nuclear nations may
run limited underground tests
on the sly.
Both Soviet and American
theorists furthermore agree
that the risk of an accidental
nuclear holocaust, which mr-t
always exist, will be mulll
plied by the square of t'e
number of nations acquiring
nuclear weapons in the future.
As nuclear weapons are mora
and more widely disseminat
ed, in other words, the always
possible nuclear holocaust
may become downright prob
able. IIAVING weighed this dan
iA ger against the danger of
test-ban cheating by the So
viets. President Kennedy has
set the policy. A test-ban not
supported by a serious inspec
tion system is to be rejected
out of hand. Improvements in
the inspection system already
agreed on with the Soviets,
are now to be sought in the
light of recent scientific de
velopments. But within thee
limits, if the Soviets are real
ly ready to negotiate in earn
est about a test-ban. then we
are also ready to do so.
No great difficulties are
therefore anticipated in the
task which is currently 'n
hand - the t.iok of working
out a realistic Anglo-Ame-i-can
position which will con
vince the Soviets that v e are
negotiating in c?-n'."-.. Two
, Questions! will then remain to
be answered.
The first is the litmus paper
question, whether Ambas-n-dor
Thompson and mot of the
niner westerners In Moscow
are right in their belief that
the Soviets are also in earnest
n desiring a nuclear test-ban.
The second is the question
of China. For even if the U. S.
and the 17. S. S. R. agree,
what will Khrushchev do with
his new un-(riend. Mao Tse
tung? (c) 1961 New York Herald
Tribune Inc.