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MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFQRD, ORE.
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THURSDAY. JANUARY S,
1961
B 3
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Eisenhower's Retirement Will Stir Memories o
Washington lUri) - "Old sol
diers never die; they just fade
away." O
This nostalgic tQme of
United States military legend
will stir the minds of his
countrymen when Dwight D.
Elsenhower retires f rorro the
presidency Jan. 20 andcre
sumes.his identity as the be
loved general pf World War
II fame.
The event will evoke mem
ories of the all-time great
among the United States' gen
erals, admirals and air com
manders who directed the
struggle for freedom from
1941 through 1945.
It is not expected that Eis
enhower will "fade away"
from public life after he
leaves the White House, but
he will no longer be the con
stitutional commander - in -chieftif
the armed forces. The
image of "Ike" in the public
mind will revert to D-Day
and his command of victor
ious a'tfnies in Europe.
Many of Eisenhower's fam
ed American associates in
World g'ar II have died., oth
ers have faded from public
adulation i& their years of retirement.
Among the celebrated Unit
ed States commanders in
World War II who still live,
those r st vividly remem
bered are Gen. Douglas Mac
Arthur, Gen. OmarTJradley,
Gen. Mark Clark, and Adm.
Chester W. Nimitz. .
MacArthur, a five-star gen
era was commander-in-chief
of the Uniftd States and Phil
ippines forces during the
Japanese invasion of tie
Philippines in 1941-42, com
mander of the United States
Arnled Forces in the Far
East, 1941-51, supreme com
mander of the Allied forces
in the Southwest Pacific in
1942, and commander of the
Occupation forces in Japan,
1945-51. He now lives in
New York and has been en
gaged in private business ac
tivities since 195
Hero's Welcome
President Truman relieved
MacArthjir of his military
commands in April, 1951. The
general returned to Washing
ton for a "hero's welcome". In
a farewell speech to Congress
he recalled a popular song of
his early military days and
then concluded:
"And like the old soldier of
that ballad, I now close my
military career and just fade
away, an old soldier who merit company in New YorKTramed
to do his duty as God gavWfor his campaigns in Sicily,
him the light to see that duty.
Goodbye."
Adm. Nimitz. commander-
tta-ehief of the United States
Pacific Fleet from December,
1941, to November, 1945,
continued post-war service as
chief of naval operations until
1947. He now lives on a
Berkeley, Calif., hillside,
where the sunsets across the
Pacific are a reminder of his
brilliant feats of command in
that ocean.
Gen. Bradley now is the
executive of a watyninaking
Normandy, France, Belgium,
Holland and Germany, (hj
continued in the military
service after the war. He was
chief of staff of the United
States A8ny in 1948-49 and
chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff from 1949 to
Gen. Clark, best known as
commander of the forces
which reconquered Italy for
the Allies in 1944-45 and later
as commander-in-chief of the
United Nations command in
iff1 rt mm 4 m mm
i u a 5o ai
(Jo
he provident
n
Korcar now is t
of lhe (.Uti.iclel, a ilumary
college in Suth Carolina.
Among Eisenhower's great
war-time collcaguosQl'ho have
"faded, away" m a literal
sense ria is, died-were Gen.
George C. Marshall, Gen.
George Patton, Adm. Ernest
King, Gen. Henry H. Arnolro
and Adm. William Halsey.
Gen. Marshall was chief of
staff of Hie United Slates
Army from 1939 to 1945. He
directed the grand strategy
of the Arlny in World War II.
In the post-war period he
served as President Truman's
erJ Theme
personal envoy to China, as
secretary of defense. After a
long (gf riod of ill health, he
died in Washington Oct. IB,
1959.
Although some phases of
his post-war political career
were controversial, Mif?shali's
milita genius lias never
been questioned, and he al
ways had the Complete confi
dence of President Franklin
D. Roosevelt.
Gen. Patton win tuc of the
first United States "war he-i
roes" to die, at Heidelberg,
Germany, Dee. 22, 1945, after
a fatal automobile accident.
MM
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Prob.(Gl)' lhe most effective
Amei'icuii exponent ot tank
warfare, his campaigns across
Snyjpe from Normandy to
Asch, Czechoslovakia, had al
ready gained him immortality
i& the military pantheon.
Gen. Arnold, nicknanwl
'Happy," died at SonoiW,
Calif., Jan. 15, 1950. As com- O
maMling general of the Unit- C
ed States rniy Air Forces
rliiring WoYld Wi II he liadO
charge of more than i.OOO
airplanes (iid 2,500,000 men.
He was the first air officer
to have the raek of a full
general.
In 1H44 Arnold organized
the 20lh Air Fore of B20
bombers which devastated lhe
principal industrial cities of
Japan at times dropping more
than 5,000 tons of bombs on
a single day.
Great Aviator
Arnold was himself a great
aviator, having trained with
the famous TVright Brothers
in 1911. Thereafter he con
stantly promoted the ad
vancement of military avin;
tion. His name is in the iront
rank among United States
military aviation leaders.
! Adm. King died at Ports-
mouth, N. H., June 25, 1956.
! He was a master of naval
strategy, and organized Ine
unity of United States aaval
forces after the disaster aft
Pearl. Harbor. As war-timo
commander-in-chief of the
United States Fleet and chief
of naval operations, hq is
given extraordinary credit for
the gradual destruction of tho
'Japanese fleet. Hie Senate in
December, 1944, approved
King's nomination as a five
star fleet admiral. After the
war he aMended the Yalta and
Potsdam Conferences. .
Admiral Halsey, nicknamed.
"Bull," died at Fishers Island,
N. Y., Aug. 16, 1959. After ,
graduation from the Naval
Academy in 1904 he climbed
through all ranks to a full
admiral in 1942. He led the
first Navy attack against.the
Japanese after Pearl Harbor,
and became famous in the
successful naval operations in
the Solomon Islatids area and
the Philippines.
Halsey was known as a
"combat commander." with a
1 bent fox sea battle, and was
: beloved by the public. His
in a motion picture in which.
James Cagney made a sympa-
thetie and moving portrayal
of the admiral.
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Teacher Says Ike
Confused By
Desegregation :
New York (Science Service)
President Eisenhower lacks
understanding and is con
fused' on the subject of de
segregation, Dr. Kenneth B.
Clark of the City Colleger of
New York, charged here.
When the president talks
about "the need for time" and
states that we cannot hope "to
change mens hearts and
minds overnight," he obvious
ly la confusing desegregation
an objective social, legal
and political process - with
integration - a subjective
psychological and attitudinal
process, the New York psy
chologist said.
"Integration cannot be co
erced by law," Clark" told the
American Association for the
Advancement of Science meet
ing here, "but there can, bo
no integration before desegre
gation." Concrete Slept
He urged that concreta
steps be taken to desegregate
whites and negroes. He was
supported in these views by
Dr, Stella Chess, associate
clinical professor of psychia
try at New York Medical
College and a praclicftig psy
choanalyst. . ' ! '
"Changes In behavior hnd
life experiences may have to
precede the changes In atti
tudes, feelings and concept,"
Dr. Chess said.
On the basis of clinical ex
periences, she questioned the
validity of the frequently
stated justification for delay
ing or postponing action ,011
te Supreme Court decision
outlawing segregation tliat
people's attitudes first must
change. 0
"Psychiatric experlc nco
would suggest that, if. a
change in the pattern of de
segregation is not first -developed,
then the fixed preju
dices may never chanRe be
cause of their continual reln
fsfecment by the life ex
periences Involved in segrega
tion," Dr. Chess iid. q
WATER (TRAFFIC ',
Chicagtf -IUPII- Although It is
an inland city, ChUy-goQ.an-dies
more wnter-borTie traffic
than the Panai canal in one
year, accorifvg lo studies ot
the NatlonarGeographiC So.
clety. '
-ft :
WORLD MIGBANJfl. .
Washington AboK 50 mil
lion people migrated from
their homes In search of eco
nnmic and political seirtty
from 194B-55, It is estimated
now by the Population Refer
ence Bureau.