FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1S60
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Problems of Higher Education
Editor'! Note: The steady rite in college enrollment ii pointing up lome of the vexing problem! faced by educator!
-problem! that threaten America'! whole lyitem of higher education at a time when thii nation hai a critical need for
more and better trained graduate!. In the accompanying two report! written for United Pren International, two diitin
guiihed deani at Yale Univeriity analyie the problem! and offer lome aniweri to them.
More Thinking Than
Money Necessary in
Education Problems
(Uean William C. DeVane of Yale college has held his present post
since 1938 and Is recognized as one of the nation's leading educators.
He was educated at Yale and headed the English department at Cornell
before becoming dean at Yale Ills plans for reorganization of Yale
undergraduate study have served as a model for other colleges.)
Only 20 Per Cent of
Colleges Adequately
Preparing Students
(Dean Hartley Simpson of the Yale Graduate School, a historian by
tralnlns, hai devoted most of hti professional career to iraduate school
education. A graduate of Bowdoln college, he taught at Cornell and the
University of Pittsburgh before joining the Yale faculty In 1929. He
as named to nis present post in isaaj
By WILLIAM C. DeVANE
Dean of Yale College
(Written for UPI)
Although more money for
higher education is urgently
needed, it will take even more
thinking than money to solve
this country's e d u c a tional
problems in our colleges and
universities.
I would put faculty needs
at the top of any list of prob
lems. There is no substitute
for a first-rate faculty and
many of our colleges must re
learn this fact. It is much
easier to get money for bricks
and mortar than it is to get
money for a top-notch facul
ty. But bricks and mortar are
not education.
We have one of the greatest
faculties in the world at Yale
and these professors are faced
with a great responsibility.
Because of the new position
of this country In the world
and the complexity of a
modern industrial democracy,
we need desperately the basic
research which the universi
ties can best provide, but we
need just as urgently a facul
ty devoted to teaching, both
on the undergraduate and
graduate levels.
Some Lose Balance
Some universities have lost
their balance in their head
long devotion to research
alone, and some collegiate in
stitutions have had to lower
their sights in respect to their
faculties because of financial
problems and pressures of
growing enrollment, Congress
and Washington have hardly
begun lo look into these prob
lems as it is much easier to
see the problem as a tangible
one of bricks and mortar.
The educational institutions
would do well to help them
selves, and live less in the
hope of government subsidies.
In this they can do much, and
the first thing to do is a pro
found thinking through of
their problems.
Unless the colleges improve
their own purposes and proce
dures, many weaker institu
tions are going to go down
the drain. This doesn't mean
that they will cease to exist,
because colleges don't seem to
know how to die, they just get
worse.
What about the next 50 to
75 years?
We're going to see a great
number of good private coi
leees sorine up in the next
few decades - colleges like
Amherst and Wesleyan in the
East, Carleton and Lawrence
in the Midwest, and Reed and
Pomona in the Far West. I
hone the South, also, will de
velop others of the quality of
Washington and Lee, Agnes
Scott, and Davidson.
And there's going to be an
pnnrmous increase in the num
ber of community and junior
colleges, although at present
the directions they are going
to take are obscure. Many of
-thorn will be technical and
final, many of them will be
'feeder" Institutions.
As a matter of fact; the de
velopment of these "feeder"
colleges may bring about an
even more startling change.
A number of our great uni
versities, like Columbia, Chi
cago, and the University of
California at Berkeley, may
lop off their first two under
graduate years (freshman and
sophomore), relying on the
'feeder" colleges to prepare
students to enter junior-year
level.
When this happens, these
great universities will assume
more and more a graduate
cast. Eventually, several
large state universities in
areas where the feeder-college
system develops strongly may
shift over to this status.
However, this won't happen
at places like Yale and Har
vard where the undergraduate
college structure has been so
strong for so many generations.
Clearheaded Appraisal
And finally the problem of
curriculum needs a clearhead
ed, intelligent appraisal. The
liberal arts are the core of
higher education. Any at
tempt to insert frivolous and
transient courses is a com
promise with quality.
It's discouraging to know
that many of our colleges and
universities have succumbed
in a laree degree to the vo
cational demands, and have in
effect lowered their educa
tional sights. There are many
institutions offering for credit
such frivolous courses as
country dancing, "salesman
ship," "advanced swimming
and others with fancier
names.
In the transient category, I
would group the entire physi
cal education course structure
for credit at colleges as short
sighted, except in those insti
tutions established primarily
for physical education training.
Amonff the 16 to nu courses
a college student takes in his
four vears. I would insist on
courses in English, mathe
matics, history, science, tor-
oion language ana suumi
sciences. A course in English
should be required for all, a
course developing competence
in expression and not merely
the tvnical "freshman com
position course' as prevalent
in many colleges.
ARMS PLAN OFFERED
United Nations, N.Y. - (UPI!
r. a n a d a has formally pre
sented a proposal for creation
nf a seDarate watcnaog com
mittee of smaller, non-nuclear
to helD break the
East-West arms deadlock.
Klamath Falls - IUPD - The
Western States Standardiza
tion and Quarantine confer-
here Nov. 16-17 will
attract delegates from Utah
Nevada, Idaho, Washington,
California and Canada.
By HARTLEY SIMPSON
Dean, Graduate School,
Yale University
(Written for UPI)
Only about 20 per cent of
the 1,800 colleges and uni
versities in this country ade
quately prepare students to go
without readjustment into
major graduate schools.
This weakness in our educa
tional system is acute because
it exists at a time when the
scholar - the disciplined hold
er of a doctor of philosophy
(Ph.D.) degree - is more and
more sought after by govern
ment, business, industry, and
has become more and more a
key person in the nation's future.
This estimate of 20 per cent
generous on my part. Some
of my fellow deans in other
major graduate schools make
harsher estimates ranging as
low as 10 per cent.
With the great surge in col
lege enrollment in the past
few years, the demand for top
scholars who have earned
Ph.D. degrees has also in
creased sharply because these
re the men who are the back
bone of any good college fac
ulty. Serious weaknesses in
the training of graduate stu
dents means poorer college
faculties in the future, thus
weakening the whole fabric
New Veterans' Loans
Salem-IUPD-The State Vete
rans' Affairs department said
Thursday that because the-
veterans loan measure passed
In Tuesday's election, first of
the new home and farm loans
will be available some time in
February.
Another $135 million in
bonds is available.
H. C. Saalfeld, director,
said first priority will go to
those who have $15 million
aDDlications already on
file.
Also extended is the closing
date for veterans to be eli
gible. Before it was those serv
ing from Dec. 2, 1945 but now
it has been moved forward to
those serving from Dec. 31,
1946.
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of higher education in this
country.
Despite the surge of epithets
directed at "eggheads" in the
last decade - such jibes are
nothing new, they go back
through the ages - there are
many signs that the national
climate for scholars is im
proving rapidly.
Business is becoming more
and more interested in the
scholarly mind. So is big in
dustry and government, so
there is a definite place, an
outlet, for the Ph.D.. holder.
The philosopher can be found
in the market place and the
scholar of literature in gov
ernment service.
Govern ment agencies In
Washington are eager to hire
young men who have good
graduate degrees. These
agencies don't even insist on
scholar's field of study.
They want the product of the
intensive discipline of a great
graduate school, they want the
young scholars with good
minds and a broad liberal
education.
In business, a banker re
cently was hunting for Ph.D.'s
trained in the liberal arts, and
certain corporations have con
sidered plans for sending their
promising young men back to
graduate school, perhaps even
to remain for the Ph.D.
What about the future?
Despite gloomy predictions,
the potential of the . nation's
graduate schools is greater
than has been estimated. By
distributing the load among
11 graduate schools, the pro
duction of Ph.D.'s can be in
"reased substantially.
The problem for the devel
oping graduate schools will be
to maintain standards, and the
problem for colleges recruit
ing teachers 'will be compe
tition from government and
business for able Ph.D.'s.
Good Faculties Needed
The main hope of Ameri
can higher education lies in
finding good faculties, and the
main hope of finding such
faculties is centered in the
major established graduate
schools and the developing
graduate schools.
Teachers colleges have not
shown up to this time that
they can train faculty for
liberal arts colleges. College
presidents like to indulge in
criticism of graduate schools,
but they will not seek for
faculty in the liberal arts and
sciences anywhere else if they
can help it.
Just 100 years ago Yale
University granted the first
Ph.D. degree in the United
States and other major uni
versities followed within a
few years. Up to that time
the outstanding American
scholars all went to Europe
for advanced study, but with
in the past century the trend
has gradually shifted until
now scholars in great num
bers from all parts of the
world come to this country
for their advanced education.
HowOregonVoted
On Major Races
At Polls Tuesday
Portland (VPD - Here is how
Oregon voted on major races
in Tuesday election, based on
complete, unofficial returns
from the state's 2,896 pre
cincts. President
Nixon (R) 400.277.
Kennedy (D) 361,423.
Senate
(Six-year term):
Smith (R) 336,336.
Neuberger (D) 405,086.
(Short term):
Smith (R) 345,043.
Neuberger (D) 414,847.
Congress
First District, 748 of 748
precincts:
Norblnd (R) 139,156.
Owens (D) 76,354.
Second District, 445 or 445
precincts:
Phair (R) 42,320.
Ullman (D) 62,069.
Third District, 1003 of 1003
precincts:
Lee (R) 89,105.
Green (D) 155,521.
Fourth District, 700 of 700
precincts:
Durno (R) 91,501.
Porter (D) 87.873.
Secretary of Senate
Appling (R) 405,886.
Sweetland (D) 337,991.
State Treasurer
Belton (R) 383,282.
Cook (D) 348,795.
Attorney General
Francis (R) 352,229.
Thornton (D) 380,385.
'Twos o Great Day for the Irish
When Kennedy Was Elected President
REVIEW TARGETS
Washington - OIPD - Defense
Secretary Thomas S. Gates Jr.
has summoned U.S. world
wide military commanders to
a review of their targets for
retaliatory action in the event
of an attack on this country,
Gates said Thursday the meet
ing at Offutt Air Force Base
Omaha. Neb., Dec. 12 would
be "another in a continuing
series" between the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, the secretaries
of the military departments
and top military commanders,
New Ross, Ireland - (UPJ - It
was a great day for John Fitz
gerald Kennedy in the United
States and the Irish In this
seacoast town of County Wex
ford.
For this is the town from
which the American presi
dent-elect's great grandfather
left for the United States as
penniless emigrant during
the potato famine of the
1840's.
Kennedy's victory in the
U.S. presidential race was the
biggest thing to happen to
New Ross since the British re
pulsed an attack by rebellious
Irishmen in 1798.
And townspeople made the
most of it. Victory buntings
decorated homes and build
ings. The United States flag
flew over the town's royal
hotel. Pubs did a roaring
business.
More than 15,000 visitors,
here for a plowing contest,
joined the town's 5,000 inhabi
tants in celebrating the his
toric electoral victory by a
descendant of one of their
"boys."
Chairman Andrew Minihan
of the local council cabled
official greetings to Kennedy,
"The people of New Ross
Ireland overjoyed at your
election," the message read.
"Congratulations and best
wishes."
Many here recalled the day
10 years ago when a tall, thin
stranger came on a nostalgic
pilgrimage to the nearby ham
let of Dungantown to trace
his Irish ancestors.
But nobody then could fore
see that the quiet man who
sat In the kitchen of hil
cousin's house would someday
occupy the White House In
Washington.
The cousin, Jim Kennedy,
64, said he and his family
took a "quiet interest" in the
presidential elections.
"It is a great thing," ha
said, "for a man whose great
grandfather came out of an
Irish cottage to be elected
president of the United
States."
YOUR
CHOICE
Police Officer
Sees Man in Bank
In Early Morning
A Medford police officer
did B double-take at 2 a.m.
yesterday when he glanced
in the window of the First
National bank and saw a
man sleeping on a bale of
hay.
The officer looked again,
and sure enough, there was
someone lying on a bale of
hay.
He called the bank man
agement and informed them
of the situation, but they
did not seem at all concern
ed. No wonder, the man turn
ed out to be a dummy of a
cowboy that the bank has
on diiplay this week for the
Oregon Cattlemen's associ
ation convention here.
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