MOWD '(, WOVTMBgH T, 11)0
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
A 7
Politician To Give
Silent Treatment
Battle Creek, Mich. - HIPD -The
Ray Turner for State Sen
ate committee believes the
I public has had its fill of po
litical advertising by now.
So the committee has pur-
' chased 10-second spot com
mercials on Battle Creek ra
dio station WBCK. The com
mercials provide 10 seconds
of silence.
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Dry Weather Seen
For Election Day
Washington (UPU Ths
Wethr Bureau predicts gen
erally dry and cold weather
i meat of the nation Tues
day. .n a special election day
forecast, the bureau said it
will be unusually cold in the
north central part of the coun
try. Temperatures will dip
below normal for this time
of the year.
Scattered light rain mixed
with snow is predicted for
the east Central plains, mid
Mississippi valley and Mon
. tana while snow flurries are
predicted in the Great Lakes
region and in the northern
and central Appalachian area.
A few showers are likely
In the northern sections of
Arizona and New Mexico as
well as in the central plateau
region of the West.
Partly cloudy skies will
dominate the rest of the country.
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SCIVIL WAR
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A BITTER CAMPAIGN It was near mid
night on Nov. 6, 1860, when Abraham
Lincoln learned that he had taken New
York state and was assured election as presi
dent. The campaign had been bitter, with
four candidates in the race. The Democrats
were split, with Stephen A. Douglas of
Illinois leading the moderates, and Vice
President John C. Breckingridge of Ken
tucky leading the Southern wing of the
party. The Constitutional-Union Party nomi
President John C. Breckinridge of Ken
and Edward Everett for vice president.
Lincoln had been nominated by the Re
publicans in Chicago. While others stumped
the country, Lincoln never left Springfield.
Below are campaign ribbons used by sup
porters of the candidates, from left, Breck
inridge, Lincoln, Bell and Everett, and
Douglas. (UPI Telephoto)
Civil War Became Inevitable
On Night Lincoln Was Elected
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
Election news filtered into
Springfield, 111., slowly on the
night of Nov. 6, 1860.
In the early evening, Abra
ham Lincoln, the Republican
presidential candidate reading
the telegraphic dispatches
with political friends, first
learned he had lost his own
county, Sangamon. Other
early news was belter - he
had won his home district.
Around midnight the party
broke up on a jubilant note
with receipt of this telegram:
"Hon. A. Lincoln: Pennsyl
vania 70,000 for you. New
York safe. Glory enough. S.
Cameron."
Lincoln then walked
through celebrating party
workers in the streets to his
white clapboard house on
Eighth St., and told a beam
ing Mary Todd Lincoln:
"Mary, we're elected."
That night, 100 years ago
this week, the American Civil
War became inevitable. But
no one, not even Lincoln, was
conscious of this.
The "S, Cameron" who sign
ed the telegram was Simon
Cameron of Pennsylvania, an
ex-Democrat, now a Republi
can, who would be Lincoln s
first secretary of war until
quietly removed and sent to
Russia as U. S. ambassador.
Campaign Was Bitter
The presidential campaign
ending that November night
was the bitterest in memory.
Four candidates made the
race. The Democratic party,
which had held the presiden
cy except for a few intervals
since Thomas Jefferson, split
two ways. The wedge which
shattered the party was the
extension of slavery.
U. S. Sen. Stephen A. Doug
las, "Little Giant" of Illinois,
led the moderate Democrats.
Nominated in Baltimore
June 23 by the northern wing
of the party, Douglas under-
.look to reweld the Democrats
and stave off strife by run
ning on the platform of Pop
ular Sovereignty, which
would leave any extension of
slavery to voters in the terri
tories which were clamoring
to join the Union. Popular
Sovereignty had been blood
ed in Kansas in the middle
'50s.
Five days later in Balti
more the southern wing of
the party - the fire eaters
who sensed the South was
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losing its grip on the govern
ment - nominated Vice Presi
dent John C. Breckinridge of
Kentucky. His platform in es
sence was that slavery was
legal anywhere in the nation.
Earlier - on May 9, also in
Baltimore - the Constitution
al Union party, a hodgepodge
of splinter groups, nominat
ed John Bell of Tennessee, a
former Whig, on a platform
that evaded the slavery issue.
Bell's running male was Ed
ward Everett, the eloquent
orator who would precede
Lincoln at Gettysburg three
years after the election.
Douglaj Senses Crisis
Lincoln was nominated by
the new Republican party on
May 18 in Chicago. He went
into the convention running
second to William H, Seward
a former governor of New
York and a favorite of the
party which was entering
only its second presidentia
campaign. Astute Lincoln
floor managers, who bargain
ed right and left, won his
nomination on the third bal
lot.
Douglas sensed the crisis
and went to work early. Until
1860 no presidential candidate
ever had stumped the country,
following the precedent set
by George Washington. But
by July Douglas was on the
hustings on the pretense that
he was going to visit his
mother in New York state.
Breckinridge and Bell fol
lowed Douglas to the stump.
Lincoln never stirred from
Springfield. He issued no
statements. Questioners were
referred to his previous ut
terances. Douglas stumped New Eng
land, the East coast into the
Carolinas, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana - at least a
speech a day, sometimes more.
But it was in Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, in early October that he
fated the political realities.
There he learned the Repub
licans had elected a governor
in Pennsylvania. A little later
came word from Indiana that
the Republicans were victori
ous there, too. The Pennsyl
vania victory was impressive,
a majority of 32,000. That day
Douglas told his secretary:
"Mr. Lincoln is the next
president. We must try to
save the Union. I will go
South."
Crowds Art Hostile
He did, by way of St. Lou
is, Memphis, and on into the
Deep South where the news
papers breathed editorial fire
and the crowds were hostile
but willing to listen.
Election night found the
Little Giant in Mobile, Ala.
He sat with an editor reading
election dispatches. By mid
night he, loo, knew the result.
As George Fort Milton put
it in The Eve of Conflict,
"that night secession was
born."
When all the returns were
in the result read like this:
Lincoln 17 Rtates, 180 clec
torial votes, 1,866,352 popu
lar votes; Breckinridge 11, 72,
845,763; Douglas 2, 12, 1,
375,157; Bell 3, 39, 589,581.
Lincoln had won a clear
majority of the electoral vole,
the figure which elects, but
in popular vole he would be
a minority president by near
ly a million. Republican vic
tories in many states were by
slim margins. Lincoln's own
state, Illinois, gave him a mar
gin of only 12.000 over Doug
las, California only a few
more than 500. Bell carried
Tennessee, his home slate;
Kentucky, Breckinridge's
home stale, and Virginia.
Douglas carried Missouri and
New Jersey. Breckinridge
carried the South, Lincoln the
rest.
Faces Divided Country
Politically, Lincoln faced a
divided country. The Repub
licans carried neither the Sen
ate nor the House. But what
Lincoln could not know then
was that by the time the Con
gress elected with him met on
July 4, 1861, in special ses
sion, enough states, all Demo
cratic, would have seceded
and that the Republicans
would control both houses.
No president, before or
since, faced anything similar.
South Carolina was ready
ing the action which would
lead into civil war five months
hence.
The day before election,
William H. Gist, Southe Caro
lina governor, recommended
leaving the Union. Before the
week was out a committee of
the South Carolina legislature
had recommended a bill for
convention to consider se
cession; the state's two U. S.
senators had resigned, a fed
eral grand jury had refused
to act, a federal district judge
had closed his court and quit.
The secession parade was
gathering in the side streets.
Quotes From the News
BY UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
London British astronomer Patric Moore, discounting
the possibility of increased danger to astronauts because of
suspected gas pocket activity on the moon:
"The first men on the moon will have faced lo many
dangers, I don't think one more will make much difference."
Dallas, Tex. - (UNI - Ward
Bond, 55, husky, white-haired
star of motion pictures and
the television show "Wagon
Train," collapsed in a motel
bathroom Saturday and died
of a heart attack.
Cameron, Tex. - IUPI - John,
ny Horton, 35. the Western
style singer who made tha
song "Battle of New Orlcu. . '
popular, was killed Saturday
in a grinding headon collision
on a railroad overpass.
Paris Congo President Joseph Kasavubu, on the nature
of his forthcoming visit to the United Nations in New York:
"I am going to New York to speak before the United
Nationi General Assembly and lo make known the true
problems facing the Congo,"
Hollywood Movie executive Howard Sliickling, giving
one good reason why he expects his good friend and ex
pectant father Clark Gable to recuperate from a heart attack:
"He certainly plans to be around when thet baby arrives."
Moscow Defense Minister Rodion Malinvosky, saber
rattling on the occasion of the 43rd anniversary of the Bol
shevik revolution:
"If the leaders of imperialism lose their senses and violate
lhe peaceful labor of the Soviot people they will be dealt
a crushing retaliatory blow such as no other aggressor had
ever experienced."
ASKS WRONG QUESTION
Woodford, England - 0JPU -A
high school girl was repri
manded last week because she
asked her teacher, "read any
good books lately?" The unap
prcciative teacher was among
the jurors who had just de
cided "Lady Challerlcy's Lov
er" was not obscene.
It would start marching
little more than a mouth.
'Election figures from "Bat
tles and Leaders of the Civil
War." Popular vole figures
from other sources show only
minor differences without af
fecting the electoral count.
- South Caro
lhe secession
(Next week
lina turns on
machinery.)
NEW CAR FAILS
Brighton, England - (UPU -A
total of 223 cars, each more
than 50 years old, Sunday
successfully completed the an
nual 50-mile London-to-Brigh-ton
vintage car run. The brand
new escort car didn't.
VOTE 123-X
PAUL B.
RYNNING
County
Commissioner
He's Experienced!
Pd. Pol. Act by
L. C. Taylor, Chmn.,
P.O. Box 624, Medford
(.all us
Today and
Discover Security
6 INTEREST
PAID SEMI-ANNUALLY
Withdraw principal and all accrued interest
whenever you choose. Any multiple of $10.00
accepted.
Name of Board of Directors on Request
I CRATER FINANCE
S 135 PINE cfSSfL NO 4-1273 $
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