o
o
Ncfin-Yoter Object of Attention as Close Election Forecast
By William B. Dickinson, Jr.
- Washington-Forecasts of an
extremely close presidential
election this year have made
the habitual non-voter an ob
ject of unusual attention:
' pemocrats and Republicans
are wooing him as never be
fore. Both political parties
recognize that drastic turns
in political history have been
brought about by marked in
creases in the voting turnout.
- Spokesmen for each party
contend that a large increase
in registration will favor Its
ticket on Nov. 8. Democrats
are pushing their registration
drive on the announced as
sumption that seven of every
ten new registrants will vote
for the Kennedy-Johnson
ticket Republican - startegists
cite statistics showing that in
creases in registration may
bring victory to Nixon and
Lodge: ';: ,.,v:'-' '
Strong Risk Factor
: At; least one study-by. the
Survey Research Center; at
the University of Michigan
indicates that partisan regis
tration drives carry a strong
risk factor. The habitual non
voter frequently is a person
of little political stability
who is likely to hop aboard
a psychological bandwagon.
For example, 82 per cent of
non-voters polled by the Sur
vey Research Center after the
1948 election said they would
have cast their ballots for
President Truman if they had
gone to the polls-as against
only 18 per cent who said
they would have . voted for
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey. But
a similar poll taken after the
1956 election indicated that
only 28 per cent of non-voters
that year would have cast
Democratic ballots,- whereas
72 per cent would have voted
Republican.
v Certain political scientists
long have . questioned the
value of get-out-the-vote cam
paigns. They argue that a
large vole is not necessarily
an informed vote, and that
in the words of one critic
campaigns to bring out any
kind of vote result in "a dilu
tion of whatever thoughtful
ness others have contributed
to the electoral process , with
an unmeasured potion of the
poison of indifference, irre
sponsibility and civic stupid
ity." Persons of this mind as
sert that a small vote is part
of the public record and it
self a significant voter re
action. Representative Government
The counter-argument, and
the one which appears to have
the widest following, is that
maximum exercise of suffrage
rights makes for the most
truly representative govern
ment. Thomas, Jefferson wrote
in 1807: "That government is
the strongest of which every
man feels himself a part."
Yet, unless many former non
voters have a change of heart,
fewer than two-thirds of -the
men and women of voting age
will go tot the polls this year.
The Census Bureau esti
mates that there will be about
108,900,000 Americans of vot
ing age by November, in
cluding 1,900,000 members of
the armed forces The 'largest
nroDortional turnout for a
presidential election was re
corded in iaoi wiicu
nnn men anrl women, or 62.7
per cent of the civilians of
voting age, went to the polls.
The 62,027,000 persons who
voted In 1956 constituted only
30.4 per cent of an estimated
total of 102,743,000 civilians
of voting age.
Communist nations . long
have used American voting
percentages to ridicule the
idea that this country prac
tices true democracy. How
ever, when the American
record is looked at in the
light of obstacles to voting
raised- by the states, under
their power to prescribe qual
ifications for exercise of the
franchise, it appears more
favorable than the. raw sta
tistics suggest.
Voters Discouraged .
The American Heritage
Foundation has reported that
in 1956 six million potential
voters were unable to meet
state residence requirements.
The poll tax ' and literacy
tests discourage or bar the
voting of hundreds of thou
sands, if not millions. Nearly
half a million citizens of vot
ing age domiciled in the Dis
trict of Columbia lack the
franchise. Convicts, idiots and
the insane are barred from
voting anywhere. . In all, at
least 13 million of the more
than 100 million Americans
of voting age are believed to
be legally disqualified.' .
Reform of antiqgated voting-laws
has been slow to
materialize. But at least six
states in the last seven years
have adopted plans under
which a registered voter does
not lose his right to vote for
President and Vice President
solely because of . a ' change
of residence. One plan, adopt
ed first by Connecticut, per
mits a resident who moves
out of the state prior to a
presidential election to cast
an absentee ballot. The value
of literacy tests, still required
of persons seeking to register
to vote in 19 states, has been
questioned. Some observers
contend that literacy tests
have not perceptibly improv
ed the quality of voting any-
Medford
1 "
Tribune
SECTION B MEDFORD, OREGON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1960 PAGES 1 to 14
where, and that, they lend
themselves readily to abuse.
In the case of millions of
Americans, political apathy
probably is chiefly respon
sible for (allure ' to vote
These are the persons aimed
at by the current registra
tion campaigns. Chronic non
voters frequently justify their
inaction by stating that a
single vote can have no real
effect on the outcome of an
election. But politicians re
call that President Truman
carried California and Ohio
by a margin of less than one
vote per precinct in 1948, and
that it was the electoral votes
of these states that enabled
him to pull his upset.
SOC Staff Member Co-Author of Item
Ashland-Dr. Frances Horo
witz, of the Southern Oregon
college psychology staff; has
had an article, "Attitudes of
Mothers of Female Schizo
phrenics," published in the
journal of the Society for Re
Search In Child Development.
Co-author for the article was
Lloyd L. Lovcll of the Uni
versity of Oregon.
Testing was done on 30
normal females and 30 mo
thers of schizophrenic females
in the Midwest, and sought to
compare the attitudes of mo
thers of female schizophrenics
and mothers of normal fe
males as measured by Form
IV of the Parent Attitude Re-
search Instrument develop
ed for the National Institute
of Mental Health.
Tentative results are not in
disagreement with the find
ings of other Investigators;
however, it was concluded
that possibly more signifi
cant patterns would emerge
if more scale items and a
larger sampling of subjects
were employed.
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