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Use of Mexican Laborers in U.S. Congressional To pre
Ki nde rga rteri Va I ue
Being Debated in
Many Communities
By LOUIS CASSELS
UPI Correspondent
Is kindergarten a valuable
educational e x p e r ience for
five-year-olds - or a costly
baby-sitting service?
Americans have been de
bating that question for more
than a century, and the argu
ment is still going strong in
many communities.
The kindergarten was ira
ported from Germany. (Its or
igin is commemorated in its
name which comes from a
German phrase meaning
children s garden."
The first kindergarten in
the United States was a pri
vate institution, established
at Watertown, Wis., in 1858.
In 1873, St. Louis, Mo., be
came the first community to
Include kindergarten classes
In its public school program
Today, according to a re
cently completed survey by
the U. S. office of education,
about 70 per cent of Ameri
ca s cities and towns main
tain public kindergartens.
Gloomy Statistic
This statistic has been re
ceived rather gloomily by
both sides of the great kinder
garten debate.
Educators who think highly
of kindergarten as a develop
mental experience for all chil
dren are discouraged to see
that nearly a third of the
nation's communities are still
withholding public financial
support.
Critics of kindergarten, on
the other hand, say it is a
shame to see so many com
munities expending tax funds
on "play schools" at a time
when regular public schools
are suffering from shortages
Of teachers and classrooms.
Sooner or later, the argu
ment comes around to the
question whether kindergar
ten serves a genuine educa
tional purpose, in terms of
preparing children for success
in the first grade, or whether
its main function is to relieve
harassed mothers of the care
of highly active five-year-olds
for a few hours each day.
One reason why the debate
continues after a full century
is that educational research
has never yielded a clear-cut
conclusive answer to this
question.
Some scientific studies indi-
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cate that children who have
attended kindergarten display
lasting benefits, in behavior
and academic achievement,
Others indicate that kinder
garten has no measurable im
pact on subsequent school rec
ords. Advantage Diminishes
Many teachers report that
kindergarten graduates show
up favorably during the early
months of the first grade. But
their apparent advantage
tends to diminish or disappear
as the year progresses.
The National Education as
sociation (NEA), which is
strongly pro kindergarten
contends in a newly issued
pamphlet that kindergarten
has a place in - the public
school program regardless of
any specific, measurable edu
cational benefits it may confer.
"All child development
studies make it completely
clear that kindergarten is
good for' five-year-olds," said
the NEA.
It said children who attend
kindergarten enjoy the com
panionship of other five-year-olds,
supervised play activi
ties, and intellectual challeng
es that stimulate their "tre
mendous curiosity" and whet
their desire for learning.
' Even if kindergarten achiev
ed nothing more than to give
a child a good fifth year
in life, the NEA said, it would
be a worthwhile institution,
and its benefits should not be
restricted to children whose
parents can pay tuition at a
private school.
Wall Street
Chatter
New York - (UPD - Shear
son, Hammill & Co. consid
ers the violation of the Dow-
Jones industrial 600 level as
a basically healthy develop
ment and looks for the aver
ages to stabilize at a "moder
ately lower level.
' The firm advises Its clients
to stop worrying about the
market as a whole and con
centrate on the purchase of
sound stocks in the electric
utility,- financial, entertain
ment, special situation fields,
where many issues have been
able to buck the trend of a de
clining market.
Kaiser Aluminum's tempo
rary profit setback, prevalent
throughout the industry,
forced the company's shares
down to what can now be
considered an extremely at
tractive buying level, and a
constructive approach to the
equity appears warranted, ac
cording to the Fitch Survey.
J. W. Sparks & Co.. saya
that Standard Koolman In
dustries appears to have merit
as a businessman's risk type
of situation. It also likes the
stocks' technical pattern and
believes the near term mar
ket action to be awarding.
Green. Ellis & ' Anderson
says that Surburban Gas is a
sound buy for investment ac
counts. Earnings could reach
$2 a share this fiscal year, it
savs. and brina another of
Sub's frequent dividend
boosts. - '
INVESTIGATE REPORT
State police, Jackson coun
ty sheriff's office and Med
ford city police are still in
vestigating a fight which oc
curred at Kim's restaurant on
Highway 99 south of Medford
early Sunday morning. Offi
cers said by the time they
arrived the fight had ended.
Use Believed
Not in Nation's
Best Interest
By ROY McGHEE
Washington - IUPU - "The
Department of Labor is con
cerned that the continued
wide scale use of Mexican na
tionals, approximately 450,-
000 annually, in agricultural
employment in this country
may not be in the best interest
of the U. S. agricultural work
ers and employers.
Those 37 words presage a
full-dress battle in Congress
next year over continuance
of a "foreign aid" program
that for 10 years has been
praised as exemplary and
damned as inhuman.
They were written by Sec
retary of Labor James T.
Mitchell on July 20 to Sen.
Allen J. Ellender (D-La.),
chairman of the .Senate agri
culture committee.
Department Opposed
Mitchell went on to say the
department was opposed to
extension of the law author
izing use of Mexican nation
als (braceros) on American
farms, past the June 30, 1961,
deadline.
Southwestern and Califor
nia congressmen succeeded in
getting the law extended
through next Dec, 31 but they
had to promise cooperation in
a full-scale review of the pro
gram in the next session of
Congress.
In fact, before a group of
liberal senators would agree
to extension, they got a prom
ise from both Ellender and
Sen. Carl Hayden (D-Ariz.)
that tne entire subject would
be gone over with a fine-tooth
comb.
The same situation prevails
in the House, where repre
sentatives of bracero users are
in far greater numbers than
in the Senate.
All-Out Opposition
Reps. John E. Fogarty (D
R. I.) and Alfred E. Santan
gelo (D-N. Y.) have declared
all-out opposition to any ex
tension that does not guaran
tee improved living and work
ing conditions for the braceros.
Opponents also want more
assurances that Mexicans are
not competing unfairly with
American farm labor.
Leading the Senate battle
against extension are Eugene
McCarthy. D-Minn.) and Ja
cob Javits (R-N. Y.). They
will gain strength for their
Dosition, if the Labor depart
ment maintains its position in
the next administration.
The Mexican farm labor
problem began in the south
west during the war years.
Temporary use of braceros
was authorized to overcome
an American manpower shortage.
When the war was over,
and the authority ended, hun
dreds of thousands of Mexi
cans swarmed across the bor
der each year, seeking em
ployment. They were dubbed
wetbacks because many lit
erally swam the Rio Grande.
Presented Problems
Their numbers rose as high
as a half million a year and
presented problems to immi
gration authorities that were
almost insoluble.
Finally, a public law was
passed legalizing use of the
braceros and rigidly control
ling their entry. Illegal "wet
backs" were almost entirely
eliminated.
The law provided for agree
ments between the Mexican
and American governments
that were to spell out travel,
pay, living and working con
ditions. These agreements
have been renewed, usually
for two-year periods, since
1949.
When the extension came
. 1
I" J. ,,. !. e
-..jo
Ail
OIL TANK REPLACED A Marine Corps
helicopter eases a 7,000-pound fuel tank into
a cradle at the Coast Guard lighthouse sta
tion at Farallon Island, Calif., 25 miles off
shore from San Francisco, completing a
unique Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard op
eration. The operation to replace the sta
tion's old tanks involved two 'copters, Navy
tug and barge and Coast Guard vessels
standing by in case of emergency. No dock
or heavy equipment axists and use of the
'copter was the only means of getting the
tanks onto the sheer-side island.
(UPI Telephoto)
Higher Welfare
Budget Requested
GREATER
MEDFORD
HARVEST
FESTIVAL
THURSDAY
Sept. .22
FRIDAY
Sept. 23
Greater Medford All-Station Fes
tival Proflram-Wed., Sept. 21,
10 A.M. -12 noon-the first in
history!
SATURDAY
Sept. 24
Greater Medford All Retailer Se.
' tion, Medford Mail Tribune, Sept.
21. Watch for Golden Harvest
values listed.
Mystery Counter Packages In
Harvest Array. They represent
real Festival values.
Portland -IUPU- A budget of
about $11 million over the
that set by the State Depart
ment of Finance and Admin
istration was requested for the
1961-63 biennium by the State
Public Welfare Commission
Monday.
Chairman Joseph E. Harvey
said the figure was $92.3 mil
lion, which includes some
$41.6 million from state funds.
$36.2 million from federal
money and more than $14 mil
lion from the counties.
The target budget set by the
state finance agency was
$81.2 million.
The request is $344,668
over the current biennium's
budget of about $92 million.
Harvey said the funds did
not include an estimated $2.1
million which will be avail-
up for renewal this year, op
ponents organized a campaign
to change the law which pro
ponents say will wreck many
segments of American agricul
ture. Union Voiced Concern
The AFL-CIO voiced con
cern over the estimated 2,
300,000 domestic farm work
ers. The labor organization
contends that Mexican farm
labor depresses wages for
these Americans. It also con
tends that the small farmer is
put in an unfair competitive
position with the large user
of cheap labor.
Southwest farmers argue
that this is nonsense. They
contend that Americans won't
perform the type of labor
Mexicans are hired for. Fur
ther, their representatives In
Congress produce statistics to
show that most braceros are
used on family-size farms.
able from amusement device
taxes, collections and recov
eries from other sources.
The budget does not take
into account any additional
money which might be heed
ed to administer Oregon's
share of the new medic-care
program because information
on the program was not avail
able soon enough to be in
cluded in the budget.
Harvey said it also did not
include any money necessary
to move slate offices from
Portland to Salem. It was esti
mated this would cost $86,620
Japanese Miners
Trapped by Flood
Tokyo-IUPll-A shaft under a
rain-swollen river collapsed
today and tons of water flood
ed a coal mine in Kyushu,
trapping 67 miners. Officials
said there was almost no hope
for survivors.
A night crew of 127 men
were working in the Ueda
mine in Kawasaki when the
cave-in occurred shortly after
midnight. Sixty managed to
outrace the swirling waters
and reach safety above
ground.
The accident was believed
to have been triggered by a
series of minor gas explosions
in the shaft which extend un
der the river.
ASKS EXPORT BAN
Washington-IUPil-Rep. T. A.
Thompson (D-La.) has urged
the government to prevent
Cuba from buying American
made replacement parts which
are destined for seized U.S. oil
refineries.
Nasser To Live
On Long Island
New York-(UPD-United Arab
Republic President Gamal Ab
del Nasser will live on a
Sands Point, Long Island, es
tate across the street from the
community synagogue while
here to attend the U.N. Gen
eral Assembly session.
Nasser arrives Thursday
night at Idlewild Airport and
will motor to the 4Vi acre
estate of the late banana im
porter Ronald LaVilla. ;
German Machine Gun
Found Near Sublimity
Salem-IUPU-State police to
day were hoping to find the
rightful owner of a World War
I German machine gun found
deep in a cave near the town
of Sublimity over the week
end.
Police said the weapon was
discovered Saturday afternoon
by two boys on an exploring
trip. The gun has a mount
and is complete except for the
bolt and firing pin.
Portland State Has
Enrollment Trouble
Portland - ICPD - Enrollment
problems are bothering Port-;
land State college.
i Registrar Howard Impeco-'
ven said Monday admissions
are running 23 per cent high-'
or than last year. The school's
budget is set up for an en
rollment of 4,275. Impecoven
predicted enrollment would -be
between 4,500 and 4,800.
Last fall enrollment at the
school was 4,008. Registration
ends this week.
Vessel Bringing
Capsule To States
San Diceo. Calif.-IUPII-Thp
Navy destroyer USS Paul Re-!
vere headed here today with !
an 83-pound capsule fired j
1,200 miles into space and
recovered - the first capsule
ever to be retrieved after so I
high a flight.
The capsule carried instru
ments in an experiment to
chart safe courses for space
travelers through deadly ra
diation belts surrounding the
earth. It was fired Monday
aboard a four-stage NERV
rocket from Point Arguello,
Calif., north of here.
The Navy announced the
destroyer was due here Thursday.
There's Still Time to "Get Aboard"
We Have a Course and
Plan of Study to meet
Your Individual Needs
Ouri is a school of personal service and wi can htlp
you, as wi have helped others, to obtain the nacessary
training for a good position in business. Let us help
you to plan a course and study program that will meet
your individual needs.
YOU ARE INVITED to visit our school without obligating yourself in any way.
Call or write ut regarding the course in which you are Interested.
OBTAIN THE NECESSARY SPECIALIZED TRAINING
To enable you to secure and hold the better paying positions!
ROBERTSON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
MEDFORD
SP 3-4264
SEPT. 26
ROSEBURG
OR 3-7256
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