THURSDAY. AUGUST 18, I960
MEDFQBD MAIL TBIBDNE, MEDFORB, ORE.
Both Candidates for
Presidency Advised
By Science Leaders
Washington (Science
Ice) - Both presidential can
didates are independently
seeking and getting expert
ouvice irom leading scientists
un nuclear testing, defense,
apace, ana health and medi
cal care.
Sen. John F. Kennedy has
chosen Dr. Jerome B. Wies
ner, a member of President
Eisenhower's Science Advt
sory committee, as his top
aaviser on nuclear disarma
ment and test suspension. Dr.
Wiesner. currentlv director
of Research Laboratory Elec
tronics at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, has
worked extensively in radia-
uuu researcn.
A Spokesman for Sen Ken.
nedy told Science Service that
the senator did not consider
his selection of Dr. Wiesner
unusual.
No Legitimate Bole
"The senator helieves.
said Pierre Salinger, Kenne
dy s press officer, "that poli
tics or political considerations
have no legitimate role in
considerine oroblems as unl
versal as those of scientific
scope."
Vice President Richard M.
Nixon consults with Dr.
G e O r ff e R. KisKaVniusW.
chairman of the president's
Science Advisory committee
and head of the department
ot cnemistry at Harvard uni
versity. The physical chemist
is one of the manv sniemne
experts both in and out of
administration circles with
whom the vice president con
suits.
Herbert Klein, Nixon's
Calcium Reduces
Strontium Uptake
From Many Soils
Washington - (Science Serv
ice) - The rate of uptake by
soils of radioactive strontium-
90 varies according to their
composition and may be re
duced by chemical treatment,
new studies have shown,
Strontium-90 is a long-lived
element of fallout from nu
clear testing and in large
doses is known to be a cause
of leukemia and bone cancer
in man. It acts like calcium;
and well - developed calcium
formations in both plants and
animals tend to form a natural
barrier to strontium-90.
This was found to be true
of high calcium soils as well,
according to experiments by
R. L. Uhler and F. P. Hungate
of the Hanford Laboratories
of General Electric Company,
Richland, Wash., reported in
Nature.
Strontium-90 studies were
made on crops grown on un
cultivated but watered acidic,
calcareous and alkaline soils.
Less Uptake Noted
The uptake from the cal
careous soil was one-half to
one-third the uptake from
acidic soil. The investigators
attributed this to the larger
quantities of available cal
cium naturally present in cal
careous soil.
The GE scientists found
that it was possible to reduce
uptake of radioactive strontium-90
by as much as 80 per
cent by adding calcium-high
lime or gypsum to acidic soils.
Basic calcareous and alka
line soils treated with massive
doses of phosphate showed a
50 per cent reduction in up
take of strontium-90. Except
for the phosphate treatment,
however, none of the other
procedures appreciably lower
ed strontium-90 uptake from
calcareous soil.
Further Studies Needed
The lack of cultivation
while thoroughly wetting the
soil and allowing it to dry
established to some extent the
potential reduction of radio
active contamination through
precipitation reactions. Fur
ther studies are needed to
determine whether an ap
preciable part of this poten
tial can be realized.
The availability of strontium-90
from soil to plants to
man is an important factor
in evaluating the health
hazard presented by this ra
dioactive element.
Does Council Post
Lead to 'Prof it?'
Middletown, R. I. - Karl E.
Falkenholm, president of the
town council, acknowledged a
slip of the tongue as he intro
duced a new member of the
council to an organization
meeting.
"We hope your term on the
town council brings you both
pleasure and profit . . ." he
began.
He w a t interrupted by
laughter.
"Better strike that," he
added quickly.
EXPORT MARKET
The U.S. buys about 60 per
eeni of Canada's exports.
press officer, said, "The po
litical leanings of these men
certainly play no part in his
choice. What he wants is the
necessary background essen
tial to Intelligent decision."
In the area of space and on
matters of international ex
change, Nixon has consulted
Dr. Joseph Kaplan, former J
U.S. chanrman for the Inter-1
national Geophysical Year
and head of the department of
physics at the University of
California, Los Angeles.
Nixon finds Dr. Kaplan a
man with an "extremely prac
tical viewpoint," according to
Mr. Klein.
Coimic Ray Authority
Sen. Kennedy's expert on
space is Dr. Bruo Rossi, an
authority on cosmic rays and
a world-famous physicist at
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
Dr. David Frisch, a nuclear
physicist also at M.I.T., is
the authority for Sen. Kenne
dy on defense and disarmament.
Vice President Nixon ben
efits from information on
space from Dr. Keith Glen
nan, National Aeronautics
and Space administrator. ,
Teller Otters Advice ,
On scientific questions of
defense and disarmament, the
Republican presidential hope
ful listens to Dr. Edward Tell
er, father of the hydrogen
bomb and associate director
of the Lawrence Radiation
Laboratory at Berk eley,
Calif. He has also discussed
these problems with Thomas
E. Murray, former member of
the Atomic Energy commis
sion, appointed by the Democrats.
On matters of health and
medical welfare, the vice
president is continuously ad
vised by Arthur S. Fleming,
the secretary of health, edu
cation and welfare, and his
staff.
Sen. Kennedy takes his
medical advice in politics
from Dr. Dean Alexander
Clark, head of Massachusetts
General hospital in Boston
and professor of preventive
medicine at Harvard Medi
cal school.
Radiation Guides
May Be Exceeded
By U.S. Agencies
Washington (Science Serv
ice) - Radiation health and
safety standards or "guides,"
recommended by the Federal
Radiation Council, may be ex
ceeded by any federal agency
engaged in atomic develop
ment according to its own
judgement or discretion.
This authority was grant
ed by the president on May
Id, 1960, under power given
him by congressional legis
lative action Sept. 23, 1959.
Under Public Law 373, the
Federal Radiation Council,
initially set up by the presi
dent, was given legislative
sanction with broad powers
given to the president to act
upon and endorse recommen
dations of the council toward
setting up standards for ra
diation protection. The legis
lation expressed the hope of
the Congress "that the Fed
eral Radiation Council will
assist in attaining uniformity
of basic standards among the
agencies as well as programs
of cooperation with the
states."
Could Confuse lint
It plainly was not intended
to allow the agencies to de
cide at their own discretion
whether they should keep to
the council's "broad guides."
Such diversity of standards
as may result could only fur
ther confuse the issue of
safety.
This discretionary power
the agencies new have was
denied to the Defense Depart
ment by Congress last fall
when it deleted an amend
ment to the Atomic Energy
Act. Proposed by the Atomic
Energy Commission, it was
intended to permit the De
partment of Defense to estab
lish its own safety standards
in handling nuclear materi
als if the president "deems it
necessary m the national in
terest." This provision was in
corporated in S. 2585 and H.
R. 8754. j
In deleting this provision, ;
the Joint Committee on At-!
omic Energy said that "more
consideration" is needed by
the AEC and the Defense De
partment on this subject of
respective responsibility for
safety.
The Federal Radiation
Council was the administra
tion's answer to criticism that
in regulating health and safe
ty while primarily concerned
with the development of at
omic energy, the AEC was
faced with a conflict of in
teret u
E .1
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