THURSDAY, JULY 21. I860
Prairie 'Hopper
Calls by Ticking
Of Mouth Paris
Washington, (Science Sorv-Jco)--A
ruthor ordinary look
ing grasshopper will) a liilont
tor llp-HmiickliiK Iiiih turned
out to bo quite an umisunl In
sect. PiirntylolropUlln brun
ncrl Scurtrier In tho drat liiHoct
known to communicate over
airly long dlatanea by pro
ducing ii 11 utidlblo sound from
'the mouth-Morally .mucking
itit lip.
Dr, nlclinrd D, Alexander
of the University of Michi
gan's Museum of Zoology,
Ann Arbor, while collecting
Insects In a prulrlo south of
Vulmoyer, III., hud bagged
several of IIiomo large graaa
lioppora boforo ho realized
that so(t licking sounds were
comlnK from this spoelca.
Dr, Alexander noticed that
tho muiullbli'H, or mouth parta,
wore moving In tlmo with the
ound. When one hopper ran
down, a aecnnd later another,
Just a few feet away, would
begin tlckliiK.
The hoppera reaponded not,
only to each other but to Dr.
Alexander na well, After Ig
noring various artificial
nolnca, a nearby male answer
vd tho call of a metal ther
mometer cuso striking a brflaa
belt buckle.
Fait Producers
Produced at the rule of tlx
or teven per aeeond, initially
in groups of four, the gra.s-
liopper tlcka resemble a short
er, aoftcr version of tho tick
ing song of a katydid. The
call can be heard acveral
yards away.
Dr. Alexander reported In
Science that other insects
often produce long distance
sounds by rubbing their hind
legs together. Mouth aounds
ro produced by other Insects,
but not for the purpose of
long-range communication.
It may be, the Michigan col-
lector anya, that the grass
hopper's llp.amacklng signal
evolved through a atnge In
which feeding noises were
significant, At present it may
be effective ns a iong-range
signal only In areaa where
there aro few other sound
producing Insects.
Scientists Study
Growth of Fish
In State Streams
Corvnllla - Goldfish may
not believe this, but Uiey have
more privacy In their glass
walled bowls than other
water-bound creatures have In
Oregon State college's arti
ficial Indoor streams.
OSC scientists are more
than just curiously peering at
fish, crayfish, snails, Insects
and other plants and animals
living In these man - made
( t r e a m s. They're studying
how and why they grow.
Charles E. Warren, fishery
biologist with the OSC agri
cultural experiment station,
nd Dr. Harry K. Phlnncy, as
oclate professor of botany,
ro making the studios with a
$24,300 basin research grunt
from the National Science
Foundation.
Warren explained that
plants and animals In streams
like plants, people and ani
mals on land - depend on the
sun for energy. Plants use the
eun's energy directly by
changing simple materials
uch as carbon dioxide, nitro
gen and phosphorus into com
pounds thnt meet their energy
needs.
Liiilt Is Known
But humans and animals
can't do this. They gel their
energy by eating the plants.
Much la known about these
plant-animal relationships on
land, but little is known about
them In water. The OSC study
may lead to greater under
landing of the subject;
Since water Is necessary for
Industrial and home uses,
waste dlsposnl, fisheries and
recreation It Is important to
understand how plants and
nlmals grow In the water,
Warren emphasized.
The OSC scientists will
study growth made by ani
mals in streams under varied
conditions to determine in
fluences of different nutrlonts,
Sight, and water movement,
For their research they are
building artificial streams
whore ihoy can control water
movement, sunlight and
mounts of nitrogen, phos
phorus, and carbon dioxide,
They will use various types of
lilroam bottoms - sand, graved
rocks, and other materials.
Their Indoor streams are at
the water pollution and fish
eries laboratories In McDon
Id forest near CorVallls, .
Trucker's 'Break'
Was a Noisy One
Chicago - George Tandy
quietly backed his truck In a
Side street to take whnt
proved to bo a costly break.
Minutes later four fire en
gines came charging at him In
response to a fire alarm he'd
backed Into accidentally. He
had to pay $30 damages.
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