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Dignity of Human Being
Reduced on German Farms
rdltor's Not: John A. Cilicott of
untced Presi International's Bonn
aurean Just coninleted a three-day
tour of Communist East Germany.
AS me miest or uie communists, ne
spoke lo party functionaries and
law the official sites. As a report
er. CaUeott Ulked to non-Darty
members and departed the tour
schedule whenever possible. Here
if nts report on wnat ne saw ana
neara.
By JOHN CALLCOTT
Leipzig, East Germany-flJPI)
, -One work unit equals one
three - day old calf equals
eight marks-$2-plus three
pounas or potatoes ana two
pounds of grain.
. The dignity of the human
being has been reduced to
this equation by this coun
try's Communist regime.
. There are 19,366 collective
farms in East Germany. Of
these, nearly 10,000 were es
tablished by force in the first
six months of this year. There
are no independent farmers
left.
For one eight-hour day
chopping sugar beets a work
er receives 1.2 work units.
A day spent spreading ma
nure is worth 1.4 units. A
day's ploughing is l.S units.
For the person who cares
for a cow giving birth, there
is one unit when the calf is
three-days old. For the per
son who tends the cows there
is 0.8 of a unit for every 25
gallons of milk with a 3.5
fat content.
The average monthly sal
ary for a male farm worker
is 380 .marks (S95) and for
a woman, 2S0 marks ($62). A
man s sun costs zou marcs.
Asked To Be Objective
Gerhard Grueneburg, a
candidate for East Germany's
Communis', party politbureau,
said, -to foreign newsmen at
a press conference here:
"We ask only one thing of
you. We ask you to be ob-
: jective and tell the world that
no force was used here. Our
farmers asked to join the co
operative farms."
Said one farmer,, in a pri
vate conversation:
"Oh yes, 1 joined. I had
no fhoice. They limited my
Income, prevented my buy-
" lng machinery, .forced me to
sell 70 tons of grain a year to
. the state." . V
1 He received 11 marte a ton
from the state. He would have
I received 30 marks a ton on
the free market. ' .
His income is now limited
'to 800 marks a month. Had
he been able to keep his 70
acre farm and free to trade
- as he pleased, the farmer said,
his income would have been
more than 2,500 marks
monthly.
Sixty per cent of 900,000
.persons working on East Ger
many's collective farms are
women.
. "If the women want equal
ity, they have to be prepared
to do a man's work," said
one party official.
Asked if he had notired that
nearly every person seen
working in the field was a
' woman, asked why the "com
mittees" running collectives
, are composed of men who
get their "work units" with
out having to put their hand
to a hoe, he had no reply.
Never theless, collective
farms may succeed in East
Germany.
Production is gradually in
' creasing although there are
. signs of scarcity, and such
things as bananas, pineapples,
' lemons and oranges are never
seen In the shops.
But the regime may well
succeed - at. the cost of the
people. . .
' The cows are fed lo pro
vide milk; and tractors are
fueled to run, workers are
fed such party slogans as
' socialism win oe victorious,
to keep them working, and to
prevent an explosion in which
farm laborers would take up
their pitchforks against the
"people's army." y
.. The f'Karl Marx" collective
a few miles from Eisleden was
established In 1S82. Until
1958, not one worker, man or
woman, had a holiday, the
farm's "chairman," a man of
32, admitted.
"But last year," he said, his
face brightening with pride,
"two of our women comrades
went on holiday to the Baltic
sea."
Officials acknowledged that
only about 100 of East Ger
many's more than 19,000 col
lective farms can exist with
out state aid - made in the
form of "credits" carrying a
three per cent interest rate.
Yet one official said that all
farms will soon be self-sup
porting, perhaps in five years.
The "Friedrich Engels" col
lective is near the "Karl
Marx" farm.
"Engels" also was establish
ed in 1952. Yet it is dingy,
the buildings are old and
smelly. I saw flies floating in
the milk.
Pointing to the skeleton of
a cow shed being built, one of
our guides said, "You see, we
are building fast now."
His face darkened when one
farmer said:
'Yes, the state was good
enough to sell us scrap iron
cheaply to build it."
Trained at College
Men to head the collectives
are trained at Bernburg, an
agriculture college, where
farmers are trained to run
large farms and receive eight
hours of "political education"
a week.
Next to the college is a
"seed research station," which
is doing much to improve the
quality of farm produce.
- The .research station has 22
scientists, 50 assistants and
380 people working in fields
in which new seed strains are
tested.
The head of the station said
privately he and his staff are
far removed from the con
stant blare, of Communist
propaganda. ' "" ,
"If we weren't,' we would
n't be able to concentrate as
we do," he said.
But the conversation came
to an abrupt end when an un
obstrusive man came up, a
man who had accompanied us
on the entire journey without
talking to anyone.
"He's one of those, well,
you know," a bus driver told
me.
No Hop in Facts
While the official touring
party visited a nearby castle,
I slipped away to the little
town of Bernburg and spent
two hours walking the streets,
talking to people' and sitting
on a bench in the market
place.' The square is domi'
nated by a giant picture of
Ernst Thaelmann, pre - war
leader of the German Com
munist party, who was killed
by the Naz's at Buchenwald.
This town has 16,000 in
habitants and for them, the
war has not ended.
It might well be 1944. There
is no hope in the faces of the
people. Their clothes are of
the poorest quality. The men
still wear the black "muetze"
or peaked caps which was the
symbol of a German working'
man during the war. : i
With the very dinginess of
tneir shops, their complete
lack of interest in business,
they are fightinj! a silent, oili-
ful battle against the regime
which is now putting small
shopkeepers - butchers, bak
ers, grocers, shoemakers, even
hairdressers - out of business
and their concerns under
state control.
One grocer had cherries on
display. Eleven women were
lined up to buy from a stand
outside the shop. Inside, there
were more cherries.
I asked for half-a-pound.
The shopkeeper's wife said I
should buy them outside. Told
that would take too long,
she simply shrugged her
shoulders, and continued do
ing nothing.
In one store bars of choco
late had been lying for so
long they were black with
dirt. A packet of nylons in
another window" was thick
with dust. They cost 12 marks
more than half a day's work.
Packets of film in the window
of a camera store was crinkel-
ed and black with age.
Storekeepers haven't put a
touch of paint to their shops
since Before the war.
"Why should I," a fish
monger said, "when the shop
belongs to me on paper only?"
, . A mother told me she had
complained to her child about
the political education he was
receiving. The child, an 11-
year-old boy, said:
"If you say that again I'll
tell my teacher, who told us
to report that sort of thing."
Her boy, the mother said,
was thrashed by his father.
But how could that bring back
his mind and heart?
Vegetables Not Fresh
In the market place a wom
an went by, carrying a shop
ping bag in which there was
one cauliflower. It was brown,
because by the time a farm
has been told where to send
its produce, but the time
transport is arranged, by the
time a shop is told where to
get its supplies, vegetables
are no longer fresh.
This woman was about 30.
Her eyes were sunken. When
a truck of Russian soldiers
went by, she looked straight
ahead.
A pre-war automobile drove
up to the rusty gasoline pump.
For each gallon the driver
paid six marks ($1.50).
The town idiot joined me
down on the bench. Two small
children, a brother and sister
about five years old, began
asking him questions.
He said his name was
"Peepi," he wasn't married,
had no girl friend and was
not an officer in the army,'
I asked him if he knew the
man on the picture above us,
the picture of Ernst Thael
man. "Who? Who?" he replied.
"Peepi" Is, I believe, the
happiest man In Bernburg.
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, ORE.
MONDAY. JULY II, 1110
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