MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOR0. ORE.
THURSDAY. JULY M. I960
6
New Device for
Amplifying Light
Passes Tests
New York -(Science Serv
. ice)- Successful operation of
an optical maser, a new de
vice for greatly amplifying
light beams, was reported
here.
It is expected to have im
portant applications in send
ing and receiving signals
from satellites and other ob
jects in space, in projecting
television pictures, in photo
graphing astronomical bodies,
and in medical diagnosis by
X-rays or fluoroscopy. It will
give a super-sharp picture
heretofore unobtainable.
The optical maser, which
produces a very sharply de
fined light beam using
atomic methods, will also pro
vide scientists with a new
method for establishing stand
ards of wavelength, for per
forming basic experiments in
physics and for true amplifi
cation of light.
Dr. Theodore H. Maiman of
Hughes Aircraft Company,
Culver City, Calif., plans to
report details of the optical
maser in the Journal of Ap
plied Physics, a publication of
the American Institute
Physics here.
Suggested in I9S9
The new atomic method for
amplifying light beams was
suggested early in 1959 by Dr.
C. H. Townes of Columbia
University here and Dr. A. L.
Schawlow of Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Murray Hill,
N.J., who this year received a
patent for it.
In the Hughes device, a
light source, such as a power
ful flash tube lamp, irradi
ates a synthetic ruby crystal.
This optical energy excites the
atoms to a higher energy state,
from which the energy is re
radiated in a narrow band of
frequencies..
The excited atoms are cou
pled to an atomic resonator
anr stimulated to emit the ra
diation together. (Maser is an
acronym for Microwave Am
plification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation.)
In ordinary light sources,
the atoms radiate individually
at random and the light from
such sources is therefore in
coherent. The light from an
optical maser is coherent.
High Court Rules
On Multnomah
House Restriction
Salem -ffiPD- Certain restric
'tions on lots in the Tunnel
wood park subdivision of
Multnomah county are not ap
plicable, the Oregon Supreme
Court ruled Wednesday.
The opinion by Justice Pro
Tern Orval J. Millard affirm
ed Multnomah County Circuit
Judge Alfred P. Dobson but
modified his decision slightly.
The proposed restriction
sought to prohibit erection of
more than one dwelling on a
single tract of land.
Mr. and Mrs. Herman A.
Schmitt, owner of one large
lot, wanted to subdivide into
three parts and build three
houses. Neighboring property
owners objected and the
Schmitts brought suit.
The high court held that
purposes o f t h e restriction
was to prohibit only the build
ing of multiple dwellings on
any one tract but not subdivi
sion and building of one house
on each subdivision section
Millard also wrote that the
trial court went too far in re
moving the restriction as a
cloud of the plaintiffs title
because the restriction to
build more than one house on
a subdivision section is still
legal.
California Pilot
Wins Powder Puff
Wilmington, Del. -OIPD-Mrs.
Aileen Saunders, 1 Cajon
Calif., won the Powder Puff
Derby, the transcontinental
air race for women pilots, for
the second consecutive year
Wednesday.
Mrs. Saunders has compet
ed four times in the race
which began from Torrance,
Calif., last Saturday and end
ed at nearby New Castle
County Airport, a distance of
2,500 miles.
Flying her Cessna 172 with
Miss June Douglas, Fall Riv
er, Mass., as copilot, Mrs
Saunders averaged 118. IS
miles per hour to receive a
plus 15.19 based on the handi
cap established for each plane,
Par speed was 103 miles per
hour.
Mrs. Saunders will receive
a trophy and $800 in cash
here Friday at a banquet of
Ninety-Nines, Inc., sponsors of
the cross country flight wmcn
began with 79 teams.
CHARGE NUCLEAR PLANS
Tokyo - (UPI) - Communist
China today accused Japan of.
planning nuclear armament
by considering the develop
ment of missiles.
1
ADDRESSES DELEGATION - While Sen.
John Kennedy, right, .listens, Idaho's Sen.
Frank Church, standing on a coffee table,
addresses the Idaho delegation in the Bilt-
Summit, Japanese Fiascoes
Renew Traditional Channels
By BUEL W. PATCH
(Editorial Research Reports)
Washington -With summit
diplomacy put out of favor
by the Summit and Japanese
fiascoes, the advantages of
seeking solution of interna
tional problems through tra
ditional diplomatic channels
or through the United Nations
are re-emphasized.
President Eisenhower said,
eight months after he took
office in 1953, that the United
Nations represented "man's
best organized hope to sub
stitute the conference table
for the battlefield." Today he
is probably more firmly of
that opinion than ever.
Vice President Richard M.
Nixon said on May 31 that it
was time to give up summitry
and go back to traditional
diplomacy and to discussions
within the United Nations.
Regular Procedure
U.N. Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold pointed out on
the morrow of the failure at
Paris that the United Nations
provides a framework for di
plomacy on any level govern
ments desire, and it does so
"as part of a regular proced
ure, without the building up
of both expectations and prob
lems in the way which it is
difficult to avoid" in over
publicized summit confer
ences. The United Nations, with
delegates of all member coun
tries stationed at headquar
ters in New York, provides
also a framework for "non-
publicized negotiations
in which it is possible to play
on the whole range of ap
proaches which have grown
out of the experience of tra
ditional diplomacy," he said.
The roster of United Na
tions members has grown
from the half a hundred of
1945 to four score and more
today-82 to be exact. And the
rapidity with which former-
ly independent territories, es
pecially in Africa, are setting
up for themselves promises
to push membership of the
world organization past the
full hundred mark not long
after another 15 years roll by.
Radical Changes
The United Nations, like
any other youngster, has gone
through some radical changes
in its early years-changes at
least in the sense of differ
ences between 1945's expec
tations and 1960's realities.
The economic, social and
humanitarian activities of the
world organization - covering
almost everything from agri
culture, communications and
banking to human rights, the
status of women, and refugee
relief-probably are more var
ied and more far-reaching
than most people dreamed of
in the beginning.
As for peace enforcement,
which supplied the most com
pelling reason for creating
the United Nations, activity
has been more restricted and
less successful than expected.
Cold War Complications
The Security Council, com
posed of the five great powers
and six non-permanent mem
bers, was supposed to bear
the brunt of that burden, but
since 1951 the General Assem
bly has taken on more and
more of it. The cold war is
responsible.
The peace machinery set up
by the Charter could work as
planned, in most cases, only
if unanimity prevailed among
the permanent members of
the Security Council. Such a
condition has not prevailed,
As a result, the Soviet Un
ion has used the veto power
Indiscriminately to block de
cisions favored by a majority
of other Council members.
Soviet - Western differences,
moreover, have deprived the
Security Council of the troops
and planes that were to be
7
V
placed at its disposal to give
it means of enforcing its de
cisions.
Some Successes
Despite these handicaps,
Security Council intervention
by peaceful means in a num
ber of places-Indonesia, Is
rael, Kashmir, for example-
has helped to bring about
Placebos Show
New Principle
Of Drug Action
Washington (Science Serv
ice) Placebos - inactive
pills with no power except
that of suggestion - are far
more effective in giving re
lief from pain when stress is
present than when the pain
is induced experimentally.
The same is true of certain
active drugs, they are more
effective in relieving pain
when psychological stress Is
present.
A Harvard Medical School
professor, Dr. Henry K.
Beecher of the department of
anesthesia, M a s s a chusetts
General hospital, Boston, said
in the journal Science pub
lished here that "unsuspect
ed ties between mind and
body" are revealed in this
new idea.
The new principle is this:
Certain drugs are effective
in relieving internal pain
only if the psychological state
of the person is anxious or
stressful.
Apparently the stronger
the psychological state, the
more effective the drugs, Dr.
Beecher said. "Similarly, cer
tain common symptoms, pain
for example, appear to
emerge only if an essential
psychological state (anxiety,
stress) is present. Physiologi
cal derangement (stimulation
of pain endings) is not
enough."
Two Concepts
Dr. Beecher said that two
general concepts grow out of
this observation. Not only
does the effectiveness of
placebos increase with in
creased stress, but the effec
tiveness of certain active
drugs does also.
Real pain, or pain of patho
logical origin, produces more
anxiety, or stress, than does
experimentally c o n t r i ved
pain.
Placebos have long been
used by physicians to pacify
their patients when no active
drug was needed. More re
cently they have been used
as controls in experiments to
determine the value of medic
inal substances.
SOC Trip to
Lake Planned
Ashland - Southern Ore
gon college will again pro
vide planned recreation for
its summer session students
and any interested townspeo
ple when the SOC bus leaves
Ashland at 7 a.m. July 16
for a day at Lake of the
Woods.
The student affairs office
at the college is taking reser
vations until Friday noon.
The travelers are urged to
pack picnic lunches and par
ticipate in swimming, boating
and hiking opportunities at
the lake. However, lunches
may be bought at the lodge.
The bus will return at 4 p.m.
Other events coming up
which are also open to the
public are a trip to the Ore
gon Caves, July 23; Dr. Ar
thur Taylors' trip to histori
cal Fort Jones and Yrcka,
Calif., July 30; and a visit to
Crater lake Aug. 6.
rutin. N
Hi
more Hotel in Los Angeles. Sen. Kennedy
appeared at the Idaho caucus unexpectedly
on the eve of the Democratic convention's
nominating session. (UPI Telephoto)
cessation of hostilities, If not
in each case a full settlement
of disputes. A fortuitous com
bination of circumstances-absence
of the Soviet delegate
from the Security Council, the
proximity of large U.S. forces,
lack of any question as to the
identity of the aggressor -made
it possible for the Se
curity Council to move vig
orously in 1950 against the
Communist invaders of South
Korea. Force of public opin
ion rather than force of arms
brought about British, French
and Israeli compliance with
General Assembly appeals to
withdraw from the Suez reg
ion in 1956. But nothing
could prevail on the Soviet
Union that same autumn to
withdraw from Hungary.
Any number of proposals
have been made to revivify
the Security Council by elim
inating or modifying the veto
power. A related question
concerns voting in the Gen
eral Assembly, where the
smallest and weakest country
casts a ballot that counts just
as much as the ballot cast by
the largest and strongest
country. To even things up
a bit, weighting of votes ac
cording to population, gross
national product or some oth
er standard has been pro
posed. Amendment Difficult
Most plans for voting re
forms would require amend
ment of the Charter. And
there's the rub!
Amendments to the Char
ter have to be approved and
ratified by two-thirds of the
members of the United Na
tions, including all five per
manent members of the Se
curity Council. In other
words, the veto applies.) So
viet Premier Khrushchev said
as recently as June 5 that
Russia was not interested in
changing the Charter, least
of all the veto power, until
the number of Communist
countries more nearly ap
proached the number of cap
italist countries.
Existence of the veto pow
er accounts for a tendency to
seek machinery outside the
United Nations to enforce
vital international agree
ments. Back in 1946 the Unit
ed States proposed a plan for
an independent international
Atomic Development Author
ity in which there would be
"no veto to protect those who
violate their solemn agree
ments not to develop or use
atomic energy for destructive
purpoes." The Western pow
ers now are proposing a vcio
free International Disarma
ment Organization to control
application of the disarma
ment agreement they are try
ing to negotiate at Geneva,
and they favor similar means
of policing a nuclear test ban.
The Soviets say they would
support an international po
lice force to do police duty
in the completely disarmed
world they propose, but only
a police force subject to the
Security Council, where the
veto operates.
State Fisheries
Director Named
Portland IUPD - The Oregon
Fish Commission Wednesday
named Robert W. Schonlng
as new director of fisheries
for Oregon,
Schoning, assistant direct
or of fisheries, succeeds Al
bert M. Day, who is resign
ing. Schoning has been with the
commission for 13 years. He
has served as an aquatic bi
ologist, project leader for the
Columbia River Investiga
tion, Assistant Director and
Director of Research, and as
sistant director of fisheries.
Rockefeller Sees
Needs for Lower
Level Leadership
WashlngUm-lUI'D- New York
Republican Gov, Nelson A.
Rockefeller believes the pub
lic does not realize how many
high policy determinations
are mado by subordinates be
fore the President is con
sulted.
Rockefeller told a special
Senate subcommittee study
ing national policy machin
ery that decision-making on
Important domestic and Inter
national problems would Im
prove if there were "strong
presidential leadership" reach
ing to the lower planning
levels.
The GOP governor, a spec
ial presidential assistant in
1955 and a rebel critic of the
Elsenhower administration,
gave his views at a closed ses
sion of the committee July 1.
Chairman Henry M. Jackson
(D-Wash.) revealed the testi
mony. Process Criticised
Rockefeller criticized the
"trickle up" process of policy
making, going from planning
boards to the national securi
ty council and thence finally
to the President.
Rockefeller, a veteran of
many NSC planning board
meetings where U.S. policy is
born, said "The public docs
not recognize the degree to
which the planning board
really does 95 per cent of the
work, and it is not very often
that a paper (containing poli
cy recommendations) Is chang
'Sitae
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self)."
"So the real work," Rocke
feller said, "Is done in the
planning board on theso posi
tion papers and . . . very few
papers are substantially
changed."
Usefulness Impaired
Rockefeller said ho felt
"very strongly" that Issues
should be put to the President
so that he could sea the clear
cut alternatives before mak
ing the final decision on vital
domestic and foreign issues.
Ho said his proposal for a
first secretary to rank above
cabinet level and act as the
President's right hand would
give the planning board and
the cabinet guidunco on White
House policy while relieving
the President of tho burden
of many ruutino policy de
cisions. Important Need Seen
Rockefeller said "There is
an important need for cabinet
officers and their deputies to
have somebody to whom they
can go in the White House to
get policy guidance, and who
will participate with them In
the planning and thinking for
the future. . ."
He said that when he was
undersecretary of health, ed
ucation and welfare, "we
wanted to sit down and talk
with somebody in tho White
House as to what national pol
icy was on (federal aid to ed
ucation)." He said "There was not
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Smithsonian Asks
For 'Fallen Stars'
Washington, (Science Sorv-lcc)-A
cull for fallen "stars,"
meteors that havo survived
their passage through tho
earth's atmosphere, has been
Issued by tho Smithsonian In
stitution here.
Tho meteorites are badly
needed for a variety of scien
tific research problems, slnco
theso "rocks from space" are
tho only samples available on
earth of extra-terrestrial ma
terial, The Smithsonian has agreed
to serve as a central agency
for a contlnent-wltlo collud
ing program. It will Investi
gate all reported falls, en
courage active search for me
teorites, inform interested sci
entists when new material is
available, distribute samples
for research and keep accu
rate records.
Any Information concern
ing recent meteorite falls
should bo sent to Dr. F. L.
Whipple, director of tho
Smithsonian Institution As
trophyslcal Observatory, Cam
bridge, Mass., or E, P. Hender
son at the Smithsonian's Na
tional Museum here.
It is hoped the new pro
gram will increase the num
ber of meteorite falls avail
able for research from one
per year to five or more falls
per year.
anybody there who was re
sponsible for that except the
bureau of the budget. Of
course, their enthusiasm is
less than complete for any
program which was going to
Involve more money."
and have
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when you return
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MEDFORD MAIL
mm li . .' il fTffllrTTflrrTTTS lit, ,
1 1 1 ' , it i in i i i i r k , , . -& tj
VAX
HELP YOURSELF A strong supporter of Sen. John Ken.
ncdy is surrounded by a huge stock of Kennedy posters lit
Uie Sports Arenu, scene of the Democratic National Con
vcnllnn, In Los Angeles. (UPI Telephoto)
MB
m Mr
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