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MEDFOBD MAIL TIIBUNE. MEDFORD, Oil.
WEDNESDAY. JUKE M.
ossDOimoiry Discusses DmidlepemidleirDce
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TEACHERS Shown deep inside the Congo are two teachers
-- in the Pedagogie school, Lee Green and Ferdinand Ibonga.
Green, author of the Congo report, has lived in the area for
;-; the past seven years, and is
school there.
j Brink's Tipster
Pleads Guilty
' Boston - (WD - Brink' rob
bery informer Joieph (Specs)
; O'Keefe pleaded guilty today
in connection with the million
dollar heist Jan. 17, 1950
1 J Superior Judge Felix Forte
sentenced him to three
. to four years in state prison
"V but gave him credit for the
': four - years he already has
been in custody.
' However, O'Keefe was not
TJ freed ! Immediately. He was
- taken to a lower court for ap-
. pearance on a probation vio?
lation charge stemming from
-- a- Pennsylvania warrant
Zr. against him. , . ,
O'Keefe! testimony in 1956
; sent eight other men to prison
for the fantastic robbery of
jr! the Brinks counting house
X hre in January 1050. O'Keefe
"i- turned state's evidence when
the gang tried to cheat him of
his share of the money, most
v- of which never has been lo--I"
eated.
I West Accused of
i Thwarting Talks
Geneva -(UPD- Communist
.- members of the ten - nation
- Disarmament Conference ac
cused the West today of "con
tlnuing to evade businesslike
'i discussion on disarmament."
"r The five nation Communist
statement issued after today's
'." four minute meeting was tak--
en by the West to mean that
- the Russian were building
! : up a case for breaking off the
i conference when American
- delegate Fredrick Eaton re--j
turned from Washington, D.C.
He and French delegate
; Jules Moch were still in their
--home capital for consulta
tions on the Soviet dlsarma-
ment plan. . . ..
- The Communists have ac
. cused 'the western powers of
(tailing on presenting a coun
ty terproposal to their June 2
T disarmament plan.
:20th-Cenlury Nof
f To Cut May Britt
'-"t Hollywood -fllPD- Twentieth
."Century Fox Studio officials
i Tuesday denied they plan to
J drop the services of actress
May Britt, fiance of Negro en-t-
tertalner Sammy Davis Jr.
j "May Britt I under long
term contract to 20th Century-
it ox ana mere is no factual
basis for any story the studio
terminating her contract,"
-.(aid production chief Buddy
; Adler.
7: Adler' formal statement
followed a studio spokesman'
-official announcement Tues-
- day that the blonde Swedish
? actress' contract, would not
Vbe renewed when its option
- falls due next year.
Y The couple was booed pub--"llcly
earlier this month when
. Devi was making personal
Jappearajic in Lone.
u 0
W k
in charge of a mission primary
Green Says Press
Reports Are From
Survey View Point
Lee A. Green, son of Mr.
and Mrs. W. L. Green, 450
Ross, lane, Medford, who is
currently teaching in a mis-
slon primary school in Africa
noted recently that African
independence is more than
what news . reports have said
it to be.
Green reports in a letter to
the Mall Tribune, ". .; . they
all seemed from a survey view
point and not from the grass
roots level itself.
Although he was an Ore-
gonlan. Green has been living
in the Congo area of Africa
for the past seven years. He
is teaching there, and is in
charge of a mission school.
His wife is teaching the sixth
grade in the school
College Graduate
The local man was graduat
ed from Wheaton college in
Illinois and the University of
Oregon in 1952 with a mas
ter's degree in education. He
was graduated also from Rose-
burg High school
The African protect is spon
sored by the World Wide
Grace Testimony, Milwaukee,
Wis. He left on this assign
ment from New York City
Jan. 1, 1953.
At that time he went by
freighter into the mouth of
the Congo river and spent five
years in Africa. After return
ing for a year to the u. S.,
he spent a year in Belgium
where he studied the French
language and government in
Africa.
Green left Belgium In July,
1959, and drove from Brlstols
to Italy. Following, he re
turned to the east coast of
Africa and then drove to his
present location, described as
M E M. Kakumbu, Par Kindu,
Africa, on the Congo river.
Change in Africa
Green also advised of many
changes In Africa and. de
scribes it as "... a southern
Oregon forest In August . , .
any spark can set off a con
flagration."
The missionary sums up the
African condition by saying
that it Is ". . . in bad shape
financially and wracked with
many problems, but a dlsallu-
sloned populace could be the
biggest problem
Although April 15 has been
observed as Africa Freedom
day, the sprawling Congo will
receive its Independence June
30.
The African dispatch print
ed on this page is a report
on Congo Independence
seen by Green. It is written at
a time of chaos and trouble
from the immediate area in
volved. ONO WRITER DIES
New York-flM-Ray Walk
er, 78, composer and writer
of popular ragtime songs dur
ing the pre-World War I era,
died Monday, Walker' songs
Included "Oh What I Know
About You," "Goodnight
Nurse," and "That Funny
Bunny Hu"
Congolese View
Independence With
Mixed Feelings
(Editor's note: The follow
ing dispatch was written by
mission primary school
teacher In Africa on Congo
independence. The area in
volved ' is to receive its
freedom June 30.
. By LEE A. GREEN
In less than a month the
Congo will receive indepen
dence. The whites look upon
the independence with a re-
signed dread. The Congolese
approach it with mixed feel.
lngs. To some it is the casting
off of all restraints. To others
the approaching date brings
uncertainty, apprehension and
fear.
We Americans look on with
amazement, for we have seen
In one short year, a prosper
ous well organized colony
come to a grinding halt. Law
and order have given away to
anarchy. As one Belgian told
us, ' The Belgian government
has completely abandoned the
Congo.
Americans think of indepen
dence in romantic terms. We
think of a struggling nation
fighting the then all powerful
England. We think of George
Washington and heroic sacri
fices. Often we are asked
about how we received our
independence. It is always
ended by the question: "When
you got your independence
was there so much confu
sion?"
Grass Roots Level
What about independence
for - African states and what
about democracy at the grass
roots level?
Some time ago I was stand
ing beside the road when a
car literally stuffed with
Africans came rattling by. An
African leaned out the win
dow and yelled "Uhuru ya
Kazl" (freedom from work).
Later I found that he was
president of one of the local
chapters of a political party.
He has been preaching that
Independence means less
work, more pay. It means
equality for all. I heard him
make a political speech later
where he stated that the Bel
gians were the worst people
on earth, that the local chief
was fat and flabby because
he was eating all of the peo
ple's money, that the Congo
lese Army won World War II,
that missions, both Catholic
nd Protestant, were hypo
crites and that all bad white
people should be kicked out
of the Congo.
He also stated that anyone
without one of his political
cards on Independence day
would be in serious trouble.
He was also later arrested
and put In jail for stealing the
money collected from selling
political cards.
Insecure, Coniuiod
The average African is in
secure and confused by the
many conflicting reports he
hears. Every African who can
afford even the cheapest radio
set ($25) has one, and listens
to reports on the roundtable
discussions. Often these re
ports are interpreted through
the eye of tribal custom, and
It is fantastic how ordinary
news reports can be twisted.
It is not a little startling to
hear American popular rec
ords like "Honeycomb" drift
ing out of a native hut. The
radio ha opened up a whole
new world to the Congolese
and they are making the
most of It.
Can democracy work in
Congo? Most of those who
have lived In the Congo for
many years definitely do not
believe that It is possible.
Here we are only two genera
tions removed from the tribal
wars. There are four major
trade languages plus French,
plus hundreds of tribal lang
uages that make communica
tion and unity difficult.
However, the main diffi
culty la In the African cul
ture itself. The African lives
In a culture that is more
adaptable to Communism
than Democracy.
The Congolese have a col
lective society. He Is not free
Individually, for he himself
Is the property of the clan,
he act a the clan puts pres
sure on him, his wife Is paid
for by the clan, his children
belong to the clan.
African Gets Hat
I remember giving an Af
rican friend of mine a hat be
cause he had none and I felt
sorry for him. A few dnys
later I saw my hat bobbing
up and down on the head of
a stranger who was strolling
by my house. Later I found
that he was the uncle of my
friend and had liked my hat
to he took it. My friend would
not think of protesting. This
collective toclety affects ev
ery avenue of the African's
life-even political thinking
Recently an African came
and asked for an advance on
his salary. He stated that his
relatives told him that if he
didn't join their political
group that they would beat
him up, so he must join that
group, although he knew
nothing about it.
This brings me up to this
point: the greatest blunders
that the white man makes is
to take western ideas (we take
for granted) and try to apply
tnem in the African society.
Most of us, because of our his
tory with despotic kings,
think of a one party or one
man rule in dark terms. How
ever, the African knows only
tne strong arm rule.
Recently I was talking with
an educated Congolese who
had just come from voting.
He said, "Bwana, I have just
voted, but I don't know what
I did. I saw a picture and I
thought that man had a good
face so I voted for him
heard that another man in an
other picture was a distant
relative of one of the village
men so I voted for him. But,
please explain what we are
doing." ,
Tries to Explain
I tried to explain using
Ghana as an example and, of
course, I warned him of a
one-man rule and explained
the Ghana situation to him.
He beamed and said, "That
is exactly what we need here,
someone who can be a strong
man and beat down his oppo
nents."
I felt that to explain our
viewpoint is futile. The head
of the African society is a
clan head, and above that a
chief. It is only natural that
elections do not mean much
to them.
.One of the problems en
countered in Congo elections
was the placing of a stamp in
the workbook of each African
who voted. It was merely to
show that he had voted, but
In some cases whole villages
refused to vote because they
felt that the stamp had a hid
den meaning, a sign that they
were making an agreement.
Today there are 28 major
political parties and many
more smaller ones. Each one
is fighting for supremacy. Vot
ing in many places has been
accompanied by riots and even
death. At present, Stanley
ville, Kasongo, Bukavu and
Elizebethville are occupied by
the Congo and Belgian army.
Some are under martial law.
At Kasongo. a small town
on the Congo river and the
site of famous Arab-Belgian
wars, a member of an oppos
ing political party dropped a
match down the gas tank of
the enemy party.
Dragged From Car
At Kindu, a member of a
political party was dragged
out of his car and beaten to
death. Such violence has put
fear into the hearts of the
people so that a threat from
an officer of a political party
is all that Is needed to put
a group Into subjection. It is
doubtful that even with such
tactics that one party can gain
control at least immediately.
However, if one party does
not gain control, the Congo
is ripe for civil war and a
collapse of civil government.
Perhaps one interesting con
dition is the African s attitude
towards nationalities. Ameri
cans so far have fared pretty
well for we, by gaining our
independence even back in
1776 (time means nothing to
most Africans), have sort of
put ourselves in kindred spir
its with the African.
I recently wos taking pho
tos of an election. The Afri
cans began to get nasty and
said that they didn't want
their picture taken. They ask
ed me If I belonged to a cer
tain political party, I replied
no that I was a misionary,
and came only to help the
people. 1 am not interested in
politics. They said, "Oh, you
are an American." They gave
me no more trouble.
It makes one sad to see the
strong feeling that has devel
oped against the Belgian out-
clals and people here. We
know that the Belgian rule
was one of the best in Africa:
however, the tide of national
ism ha wept over the benev
olent deeds of the Belgian as
though they were not there.
Mineral Wealth -
I have heard Africans say,
Call Ken Neal-SP 3-4739
for Quality Used logging
ft Dirt Moving Equipment
Crtttr Ilk Mich(ary Co.
xm
STUDENTS Pictured at work are several Green, an Oregonlan teaching In the area,
students in the Mwanga Teacher's Training ' says that this is an interesting time in
school, also called the Pedagogie school. Africa. Green cites a the standing joke,
Although these are signs of great advance- . "Things are sure quiet, we haven't had a riot
ment in education and living standards, Lee ' in almost a week."
"What have the Belgians done
for us? They stole our mineral
wealth." At first I would pro
test that if though they had
the resources, they didn't have
the capital to develop them
and therefore the mineral
wealth was useless to them.
I have given up trying to ex
plain for it seems futile. It is
sad to see colonial officials.
with brilliant records, years
of hard work in the Congo
thrown out of the Congo be
cause they have crossed Afri
can leaders or parties, most of
the time in the line of duty.
Congo for a white man is a
touch and go affair. It is a
time for cool heads and often
courage. Recently in a city
near here a demonstration by
the official government school
teachers was put down by an
official. He turned the fire
hoses on them for he was
afraid. The truth came out
later that these teachers had
not been paid for four months.
The Africans have refused to
pay taxes to the Belgian gov
ernment. They were demon-
strating for their money. They
meant no harm.
But, one of the women
teachers was with child, and
when the hoses were turned
on her, she fell. She later lost
her baby and the Africans
angrily blamed the official
He had to be shipped out of
town auickly to avoid person
al harm. He had had a long
record of meritorious service
in the Congo, but it only takes
one slip and a long career is
finished.
Another case of nerves was
when recently an argument
developed at an election post.
One of the political leaders
became angry and got into
his car and drove to the near
est government post. He re
ported to the government of
ficial that there had been con
fusion near to rioting at the
election point.
The government official be
came frightened, and called
for the Army instead of in
vestigating. The official ar
rived at the village with three
truck loads of troops. Without
asking questions the. troops
beat up the opposing political
leader. This very nearly
caused a riot. The results
were that the man who was
beaten up was not held, for
no charge could be found
against him. He in turn be
came the hero of the whole
area. He has suffered for the
cause. The government offi
cial had to be removed for
his life was threatened.
TRUE AIR CONDITIONING
PROVIDES COMFORT
THE YEAR AROUND!
ar stav I rim 1
1 J'35-f n7Jm
Local Incidents
These are local incidents,.
but they could be multiplied
many times. Congo is on the
verge of civil war and anar
chy with yet a month to go
before independence. The Only
hope is not independence, but
that one party or a leader
will emerge who is strong
enough to lead these people
through this difficult period.
This will take a great deal of
personal strength, patience
and, yes, even love on the part
of both white and colored,
In the past three months
many whites have fled from
the Congo taking the much
needed capital with them
However, a workable agree
ment between white and
black must be found for the
Congo needs white people to
day more than ever. -Even
though the Congolese do not
realize this today, it is the
hope of everyone that some
day they will become aware
of that need. But, in the mean
time, the adjustment will be
a difficult one.
The Congo needs help as
never before, it needs Ameri
ca. As one African put it re
cently, We hope that Amer
ica will help us, but if they
don't, we will ask Russia,"
Northwest Gas
Stock Sale OK'd
Salem -(UPD-Northwest Nat
ural Gas company Tuesday
was authorized to issue and
sell 60,000 shares of its cumu
lative preferred stock at a par
value of $100 per share.
Public Utility Commission
er Jonel C. Hill said the stock
will be sold to a group of un
derwriters headed by Lehman
Brothers of New York.
The estimated $5,800,000 in
net proceeds will be used in
part to finance Northwest's
I960- Willamette valley con
struction program.
There's a big difference between air conditioning and air
cooling. True, modern electric air conditioners can cool
the air if you want it cool. But air conditioners also
purify the air you breathe, control humidity winter and
summer, clear the air of your home of odors, and remove
pollens and other harmful elements 'm June or January!
DON'T WAIT TIL IT'S TOO LATE
When hot weather arrives in southern Oregon and
northern California, air conditioning equipment is often
at a premium. See your favorite CalOre Electrical Dealer
now for Immediate delivery, and .. , : " i
Trail Youth at
JESSI at Corvallis
Corvalli - Richard J. Wil
son, Trail, is now participat
ing in the fifth annual session
of the Junior Engineers and
Scientists Summer .institute
sponsored by ; Oregon State
college.
He is participating with
some 150 boy from Oregon,
Washington, and Calfiomia
who have . demonstrated out
standing promise in science
and have been recommended
for the special program by
their instructors and princl
pal. . , , ,.
Course work covers all
feilds of engineering, mathe
matics, physics, chemistry.
zoology, geology, bacteriology,
botany, and oceanography. In
addition, students . visit the
various campus research lab
oratories and observe opera
tion of the college's training
nuclear reactor, . cyclotron,
electron microscope, electron
ic computers, and high volt
age laboratory. , . . i
' The JESSI program was
started in 1956 at Oregon State
and has since been adopted by
other schools and areas across
the nation. Co-sponsor of the
program is the Scientists of
Tomorrow, Portland.
Accident Reported M
To State Police . "
A complaint for failure to
yield the right of way to on
coming traffic will be filed
against Clair Maud Plummer,
3722 Alley lane, Medford, ac
cording to state police.
A c a r operated by Mrs.
Plummer was involved In an
accident with a vehicle driv
en by Jesse Merit Taylor, 4479
Hamerick rd., Central Point,
at Hamerick and Head rds.,
Central Point, police said.
MEDFORD PAINT
. and
Wallpaper Store
trti t Holly Diagonally
Acroti from Poat Office
PHONE SP 2-9321
' W Give 1
SIM eescM mux
j j jj'j in j i , , , ,
Pauling Risks Contempt Charge
' Wahington -Wt- Dr. Linus
Pauling risked possible con
tempt of Congress citation to
day by vowing to keep secret
the names of the scientists
who helped him circulate his
petition demanding an imme
diate end of nuclear testing.
.The grey -haired scientist,
long a leader in the movement
for disarmament and a per
manent ban on nuclear test
ing, said he would not comply
with the Senate internal se
curity subcommittee's request
that he divulge names.
. After questioning the Nobel
India Heat Wave
Takes 395 Lives
New Delhi, India - (UPD - A
killer heat wave with tempera
tures up to 116 degrees has
brought death to at least 395
persons in northern India
since June 1, the- All India
Medical and Health' Associa-.
tion reported today.
The Weather Bureau re
ported the monsoon is advanc
ing into central India with
cooling shower and is expect
ed to reach the stricken areas
within a few day.
P' w&mmmmmM fcnui II . mlWfinui i (IHln.il M-Vf;'...
laMlMiWalln. --v attL
-4 A This hnnlr malroc Tiic
y -
CURRENT DIVIDEND RATE 4 PER ANNUM "
Investment Made by the 10th
Earns From the First
FIRST FEDERAL
Savings & Loan Assn. of Medford
29 North Ivy Street Robert F. Kyle, Manager
AIR CONDITION !
Prize chemist Tuesday, tht
subcommittee gave Pauling
until Aug. 9 to change hie
mind and appear again with
the list of scientists.
The subcommittee want
the names of the cientite
who helped Pauling collect
more than 11,000 signature"
on the petition. It was filed
with the United Nation la
1958.
CmOI MOXET iT loirrun'
-wirli'i ant fiiiitltl tiirt
ehirglno mnir tl about Ilk
barging anything tlaa-you fetrrtv M
naw, pay far It latar.
riciric FTiriiiiei
16 S. Central SP 3.530S
Boh Griffith, Manager .
. (All loans madt under the
' Oregon Industrial Loan Act)
Opan Daily a.m.-J ..
Mondays Till .nu .
CloHhd Saturdays
college education possible
A young man needs many books for
a college education. But the most
important of these is the book that
makes it all possible ... a passbook
for a savings account with us. Why
not open an account for your chil
dren's education? Start it while
they're young and add to it regu
larly.. .it will earn excellent return.
Stop in and see us today 1 .
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