o
8
i rr4'? 4 ,h- '.f ry
if- "I (A
! AGGRESSIVE LABOR FORCE-Most agile,
!J competitive and agressive part of Pakistan's
5 labor force is its young boys and girls. On
? the streets of Dacca in East Pakistan, shoe
j? shine boys offer to give you a bolter shine
T. than the one you got minutes before. News-
Youngsters Form Aggressive
Part o; Pakistan Labor Force
2 Dacca, East Pakistan-0M-SPakistan's
most agile, com
Spetitive and aggressive part
Jot Its lnbnr force Is Us young
boys and nirls.
J Walk down the streets of
0acca and you'll see long
.rows of shoe shine boys vying
fof! your patronage. Even if
cyou've just had a shine 10
'jmlnutes before you'll be greet-
ed ; by, "Mister, I can give
if,
fvou a heller shine." I
. To make matters a bit more
.'.dlficult for them to earn a
living, traffic policemen force
'tliem to leave busy intersec
tions from time to time to
avoid roadside congestion.
! Look at any construction
jjsite and you'll see dozens of
llittle "Mason" boys squatting
Jas they pound the floors of
buildings with wooden pad
dles to make them level. The
boys do their work spiritedly,
.helped by the customary song
loader who leads them in a
chorus of gaudy verses.
J.Dolng Family Laundry
j -Sjtrou onto any river or
".canal bank near here and
V-vou'll see vounc elrls duini!
5'the family laundry on old,
well-rubbed boards. In most
of the poorer families the
l-futher Is the breadwinner, but
jtlie mother must often help
carn money and do the cook
ing besides. Thus, the daugh
ters are given the washing
'Ichore.
Pakistani newsboys don't
Make "no" for an answer.
S Once a newsboy has sight
ted you he will wage a do or-
tdle battle to sell you one of
Ills papers. One of his modern
.Tsales points: If you don't have
the money today you may pay
'j3iim tomorrow.
J Perhaps the happiest kids
Jere the sons and daughters of
ytypsy families,
Llvi In Boats
J .The Gypsies, who live per
manently In boats, move from
village to village, trading in
Vnako skins, glass bangles and
Jothcr oddities.
J In the afternoons the chil
dren often leave their bont
jjiomes and engage In such
panics and amusements as
Jrlimbing trees, racing over
Jlh river banks and wrestling.
i Numerous families in Paki
stan must constantly struggle
"Against poverty, uncmploy
bnent, and, if they are larm
iers, drought.
ft Many families wear old
jelothes that have been import
ed from the United States and
ither countries. These men,
Iwnmen and children cannot
Afford to buy new warm cloth
3n In the winter or light
garments in the summer. ,
. Some of the women, who j
iivcn today keep veils over
. 1 POISON OAK? j
For tvorontttd ttt ut natura'i own :
J n!dt ItH toiitt Oak lotion. Pwmi I
2 through coniwrln vtt by Amorkon
2 Indiani and plonwri. ItH It nalwraf
5 titfb preparation. Softtlacllon fluatan
f tMd im your drugolil.
their faces, make Jute ropes
in their spare lime to earn
extra Income. Jute Is grown
in many family-owned fields.
The ever dangerous threat
Superintendents
Study Proposals
Salem-IDPD-Nincty-two Ore-
" A"' class school superln-
tendents went over proposals
here Friday with the depart
ment of education that may
lead to experimentation with
new teaching methods and
aides in the state.
The department said it is
considering making applica
tion to the Ford Foundation
for money to do the experi
menting.
Among the topics discussed
were television in schools;
grouping of children; mechan
ical and clerical aides, so
called teaching machines, for
instructors; team teaching and
special instruction problems
in smaller schools.
Burglars Blow
Safe, Get $240
Salem - (UPI) - A safe in the
Salem Railway Express
Agency office was blown
sometime Friday night
early Saturday and burglars
got away with about $240 in
cash and blank traveler's
checks.
FBI agents and state, court'
ty and Snlcm city officers
were called Into the investi
gation. They said it appeared
the safe had been blown with
nitroglycerin.
St. Helens Girl
Killed in Crash
Portland - (ITU - A St. Hel
ens girl, Carol Olson, 18, was
killed early Saturday when
the car In which she was rid
ing left the road near the
moorage of S.iuvies Island
bridge and struck a power
pole.
Driver of the car, Jack
Cooper, about 20, was in St.
Vincent hospital here suffer
ing from back Injuries and
multiple rib fractures.
CL0GST0NS
Metal
Wealher Stripping
and Screens
litlmsles Gladly
Phone SP 1-1014 fcenlno.
boys don't take no for an answer. In this
photo youngsters carry gunny sacks while
out to "harvest" fallen leaves. They sell dry
leaves for; fuel, getting about five cents a
(UPI Telephoto)
of drought has caused much
anxiety about the food prob-
lem this year. Until very re
cently there had been only
light rainfall. Farmers all
over the country have been
toiling overtime to save their
rice crops by irrigating their
fields. Their means of irriga
tion: long wooden troughs, the
traditional tool of irrigation
In Pakistan.
Expression in Sonns
The hardships of the men
and women and the contin
uous struggle among the youth
to find means to support them
selves find expression in the
songs of folk singers, many
of whom have little education.
But in them the heartbeat
of the country's rural popu
lation can be felt. Although
they lack the refinement and
sublimity of more formal mu
sic, they have a spontaneity
and charm of their own.
Some of the folk singers
are poets or philosophers who
compose their own songs.
These men are popular in the
villages and the cities.
Let one strum his country-
made violin and you will see
a crowd of workers, farmers
old men and young boys and
girls gather swiftly
Some of the songs they sing
have been handed down from
generation to gen cratlon.
They tell of hard times and
the struggle against the ele
ments, iheir themes even
hold true for today, but with
a difference.
Today's youth are fast
adopting modern business and
sales methods. And both old
and young are looking for
ward to Pakistan's second
five-year plan
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MEDFORD MAIL
United Nations, 15
Yet To Solve Major
Editor's note: Fifteen yean ago
the United Nations was created
with the slinlns ol the U.N. Char
ter. Since that Ume It has marked
both successes and failures. A vet
eran UPI correspondent at the U.N.
reviews the balance sheet In the
following dispatch.
By BRUCE W. MUNN
United Nations, N.Y. - 01PD -The
United Nations, at its
15th anniversary, finds itself
in the paradox of having done
everything it was designed to
do except one - its chief pur
pose of solving major political
problems.
The United Nations was
conceived as a peace organiza
tion by the 51 countries which
signed its charter in the San
Francisco Opera House June
26, 1945.
But its founders conceived
it as an organization to keep
the peace, not one that would
have to create peace among
the world's great powers.
Economically and socially,
the United Nations has scored
great success in improving
the plight of the world's un
derdeveloped countries. It has
guided uncounted m'llions to
independence and self-government
and its membership con
sequently has increased by 31
to a total of 82.
Mora To Be Admitted
At least seven more coun
tries are expected to be ad
mitted by the General Assem
bly at the session starting
here Sept. 20. This is a result
of the political awakening of
Africa. Many new countries
have come in from Asia, dras
tically changing the U.N. po
litical complexion.
What the founders did not
foresee was the Cold War.
This erupted in the Security
Council a scant half-year after
the U.N.'s birth, when Russia
and the West clashed about
the presence of Soviet troops
in Iran.
Founded In the closing days
of World War II, when Russia
and the Western powers were
in coalition against Hitler's
Germany, the United Nations
was based on the theory of
continuing big power unani
ity. It quickly became appar
ent that it was the miscon
ception that the Big Five
powers could settle tne
world's problems by agree
ment among themselves with
in the United Nations.
Fifteen years after San
Francisco, the powers cannot
agree on which is the fifth of
the Big Five - Nationalist or
Communist China. National
ist China clings to the U.N.
seat through the insistence of
the United States and on an
annually dwindling vote.
No arena has seen more
Cold War battles than the
United Nations. Year after
year, Kussia and tne west
have fought In the Security
Council and in the General
Assembly, and the balance
sheet shows nothing better
than a draw, in the opinion
of most qualified observers.
Untold Benefits
Russia has reaped untold
propaganda benefits with the
U.N. as a sounding board. The
West, and the world, has ben
efitted by blocking Soviet
actions and creating, for what
it is worth, a counter-opinion
in the world's uncommitted
countries.
Chief of the United Nation
political achievements has
been the thwarting of aggres
sion in Korea. In going to the
aid of the Republic of Korea
In 1950, the fledgling world
organization avoided the pit
fall that spelled disaster for
the League of Nations.
June 27, 1950, is rated by
many as the most Important
date in U.N. history. On that
day, the Security Council
voted military sanctions for
the first time in modern his
tory and "collective security"
became more than a phrase.
The League of Nations had
been confronted with aggres
sion, too. Although it did ex-
borrow up to $1500 and
take up to 24 months to
repay. Drop in or phone
today.
Life iniurance at
group rate it available
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TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. ORE.
pel Russia for its invasion of
Finland in 1939, it stood by
helplessly when Mussolini in
vaded in 1935 and when Japan
took over Manchuria in 1931.
It never regained its prestige
or force.
Some historians and politi
cal scientists believe the Uni
ted Nations averted a full
scale World War II when it
ordered aid to South Korea.
Would Be Left Alone
The argument is that if the
United Nations had not enter
ed the picture, the United
States would have had to go
to war i lone to help the
Koreans, and Russia would
certainly have entered on the
Communist side. But the
Kremlin would not risk world
condemnation by going to war
against the U.N. flag.
The U.N. Command in Korea
comprised forces voluntarily
sent by 16 countries. How
ever, the world organization
could have ordered such
forces into action. Its charter
provides that all member
countries shall make available
to the S ;curity Council "arm
ed forces, assistance and facili
ties . . . for the purpose of
maintaining inter national
peace and security."
Russia and the Western
powers never have been able
to agree on the composition
of such forces - the "teeth"
the United Nations needs to
enforce decisions. Therein, in
the opinion of most observers,
lies the outstanding failure -or
lack of success of the
United Nations.
Also on the debit side of the
U.N. balance sheet are:
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2 Name ,
Address
City - ,
Years Old, Has
Political Problems
-A lack of forceful action
in the Soviet suppression of
the 1956 Hungarian revolu
tion or the Chinese Com
munist overrunning of Tibet
three years later.
-Inadequancy i n dealing
with the Palestine problem,
which has seen a recurrent
series of bloody Incidents be
tween Israel and its Arab
neighbors and disregard of de
cisions on the partition of Pal
estine and the internationali
zation of Jerusalem.
-Failure to settle the future
of Kashmir, where the Secur
ity Council ordered a plebi
scite but has been unable to
get India and Pakistan to
agree on terms uncer which
it would be held.
-Defiance of U.N. resolu
tions on such matters as racial
discrimination in South Africa
and freedom of navigation for
ships of all countries in the
Suez Canal.
-Inability to make progress
on disarmament - considered
by many experts as the fore
m o s t responsibility of the
United Nations - and its corol
lary problems of banning nu
clear tests and the use of
atomic and hydrogen weapons
in warfare.
The credit sheet for the
U.N. must show:
-Korea, the outstanding
achievement in 15 years of
collective diplomatic experi
mentation. -Settlement of the short,
1956 Suez War, admittedly
achieved through the willing
ness of Britain, France and
Israel to be swayed by world
opinion.
Klamath Fall
TU 2-4126
SERVICE
FR
(If data
-Creation of the U.N. Emer
gency Force to patrol the bor
der between Israel and the
United Arab Republic as a
buffer against new warlike in
cidents. -Averting sub version in
Lebanon, Jordan, Laos and
Southeast Asia generally
through sending either ob
servers to watch the situation
on a "U.N. presence," the lat
ter a creation of Secretary-
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General Dig Hammarskjold's
"quiet diplomacy."
-Peaceful creation, with
major help from the United
States, of the country of Indo
nesia, heading off what prom
ised to be a bloody war of
independence.
At the end of 15 years, no
body has pulled out of the
U.N. and quite a few clamor
to get into it. The diplomatic
feeling is that while it is not
perfect, it is a better device
than any yet conceived.
As Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, a
U.N. undersecretary and No
bel Peace Prize winner, has
said:
"It is, after all, not orly
the best we have; it is all we
have."
I
: n
i M U A
I T U
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MONDAY. JUNE 20. 1960
Fish Ladder Needed
At Ancient Dam
Portland - HJPD - Unless an
acceptable fish ladder is pro
vided by Yamhill county at
the ancient Lafayette dam on
the Yamhill river, the Oregon
Fish commission has recom
mended that the structure be
removed to permit normal
p.,sage up-river by spawning
salmon and steelhead.
Robert L. Rulifson, aquatic
biologist of the commission,
said that under Oregon law,
stream barriers must either
be removed or fishways pro
vided for the escapement of
-ish.
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