o
MAIL TRIBUNE, Mtdfore1, Or.
GARDENING TIPS
By DON BERRY
County Exteniion Agent
VELVET GRASS
Velvet grass, theQnost dif
ficult weedy grass in our
lawns, shows more distinctly
now than during most other
seasons.
It appears as light green
patches among the darker
lawn grasses. Velvet grass is
sometimes erroneously called
crabKrass. The leaves of vel
vet grass are broad, iie green
color, and covered with vel
vety fuzz. The plant has
prostrat'Q spreading habit.
Clumps of velvet grass often
are a foot or more in diam
eter.
Velvet grass Is difficult to
control. Numerous herbicides
have been tried, but few have
been effective and none are
practical at the present time.
The most practical control
of velvet grass in lawns is
to pull or dig it when It first
shows up in the lawn.Jf It
becomes too numerous to pull
or dig, the lawn should be
broken up, prepared and re
seeded. Prior to seeding the soil
should be worked frequently
for a couple months or more.
Frequent cultivation will kill
the velvet grass plants and
prevent their reestablishing.
Velvet grass readily In
vades poorly kept lawns. It
tolerates summer drought,
poor drainage, low fertility,
and compacted sc better
than do the desirable lawn
grasses.
CHERRY KitUIT TREES
Although flowering cherry
trees are lovely signs of Ore
gon spring, they may have to
be banned in some parts of
the slate because they carry
a virus harmful to fruit-bearing
cherry trees.
Dr. J$h)i A. ibrath, Ore
gon btiilo college plant path
ologist, explained that the
flowering cherries are com
pletely unharmed by the vi
rus. In fact, It takes exten
sive research to tell when
they are infected. But the
virus is easily given to frult-
ocanng cherry trees and will
eventually ruin them.
Since ornamental cherry
trees are so popular, and since
the virus doesn't damage the
flowering tree, Mtlbrath's
long-range research is aimed
at developing a virus-resistant
fruit-bearing tree, accord
ing to a story in the spring
issue of the OSC agricultural
experiment station magnzin.
"Oregon's Agricultural Prog
ress."
Until resistant (lock li do
vcloped, flowering cherries
should be removed from the
vicinity of bearing orchards
and from the neighborhood
of nurseries where budwood
is selected and stock propa
galcd, Milbrath says.
An insect-probably a com
mon leafliopper-seems to be
to blame for transferring the
virus from flowering to bear
ing trees.
Early stages of the disease
on pio cherry trees are hard
to identify, but severely in
fected trees have short, sparse
foliage and little or no new
growth. Fruit is the best in
dicator of severity of the dis
ease. Trees recently infected
may have late-ripening cher
ries somewhat smaller than
normal, while trees In ad
vanced stages of the disease
bear orange-pink, irrogulerly
sliaped, flnt-Ustlng cherries
about half normal site,
Backyard Trapper
According to Andy S. Land-
force, Oregun State college
wildlife specialist, a good
mole is a dead mole this time
ot pear-especially it his pelt
is lacked on a board.
When properly seOa scls-
sor-Jnw trap is one of the
most effective for catching the
western mole. This trap takes
the animal without damaging
ils pelt, and the set trap is
safe from AJiildrcn and live
stock. Directions for use of the
scissor-Jiiw trap arc given In
extension bulletin No. (121)
' titled "Controlling Rodents
and Oilier Small Animal Pests
in Oregon." Copies are avail
able at county extension of
fices.
A mound of soil emerging
from a lawn, garden, or pas
ture is a sign that a molt i
searching for food. The mole's
main diet is worms and In
sects. His normnl home paths
are in holes 8 to 10 Inches
underground. However, males
lonige for their ftfd In looser
soil, especially in flower beds,
gardens, or well-managed pas-
lures.
The young are usually born
in April and May, and this Is
the time wun most damage
from moles appears. It's also
' the time when a mole trap
can be most effective in pre-
. venting mole dag)ige.
Pelts can be sold to any
major fur dealer. The dense
black fur Is used for various
fur garments.
Fanners' assets amount to
$203 billion, about equal to
the value of all stocks listed
on the New York Stock Ex
change, says the USDA.
Thvridiy, June J, 0
rQjK BERRY
Caunty Agent
BEDDING PLANTS
With the danger of frost
prety well rier, hon gar
dener! should try to get out
their bedding plant aa soon
as possible. Now is a gMd
time to put in peppers, to
matoes, egg plants, brussel
sprouts, cabbage, etc.
Peppers and egg plants are
easy to grow and, even if
vpu have no gardenQcan be
St out as a border along with
flowers and used as ornamen
tals. They are quite decora
tive In small spaces and
should be set about 18 Inches
apart. California Wonder
Types are the best green pep
pers while Red Chile are still
recommended for hot peppers.
The Black Beauty egg plant
is the best home garden
variety. o
Tomatoes should be gotten
out as quickly as possible and
may be grown either as indi
vidual plants on the wall or
trellis. They can be planted
in a home garden 3 feet by
3 feet and staked or pruned.
When staking, it is best to
set stake with the plant. As
stem grows, tie it to the stake
at 8 inch intervals and remove
all side shoots as they appear.
Tomato Variants
There are many tomato va
rieties. Burpees ttg Early or
Morses Early 498 are good
earlK plants, while Ace and
BlgTtoy are recommended as
late varieties.
It should be rememDerea
that most early blossoms
break off at a swelling on the
stem. This natural shedding
occurs most years until the
early morning temperatures
stay above 50 degrees for sev
eral consecutive nights. Ear
lier setting can be encouraged
through the use of hormones
but fruit which is set by this
method will often be seedless
and misshapen.
With all bedding plants, a
dip Into a DDT solution be
fore planting, using one heap
ing tablespoon of 50 per cent
DDT In a gallon oi water, aias
in flea beetle control. Booster
solutions using two heaping
tablespoons of a complete fer
tilizer to a gallon of water,
and a cupful applied to each
transplant, Is also beftficial.
SOIL INSECTICIDE
Home owners who are hav
ing trouble with worms in
radishes, turnips, potatoes,
carrots, etc., might try a soil
Insecticide. Where vegetables
have already been planted,
drenching rows using two to
three teaspoons of Aldrln
emulsifiable concentrate (liq
uid) per gallon of water Is
Benerally beneficial. Recom
mended rate Is one pint of
this solution for each 29 feet
of row.
It can be dipped along the
rows from a tin can with a
large nail hole punched In
the bottom. Three applications
timed ten days apart starting
when the first true leaves are
showing should be made.
If the garden was ireaiea
prior to planting with a dust
or granule form of Aldrin,
Chlordane or Dleldrln, the
drenching treatment may not
be necessary.
Soil treatment is easy ana
effective. Generally live
pounds of 5 per cent dust or
granules, or 10 pounds of 2V4
per cent granules per thousand
feet mixed into the soil before
planting Is the recommended
practice.
Onion root maggots are ex
tremely difficult to control
and here the best practice is
to dust onions at ten-day In
tervals with DDT as soon as
the onions emerge through
the surface of the soil. This
dusting must be continued
throughout the season,
Rhubarb Scad Stalks
A. A. Duncan, Oregon State
college vegetable specialist,
ciipirnit vnu be on the look
out for seed stalk on rhubarb.
At the first sign of seed
stalk development in rhubarb,
cut the stalk off close to the
plant; cutting the seed stalk
causes less damage to the
olant than pulling it off.
Early seed stalk develop
ment Is usually more notice
able In old plnntings and In
fields of low fertility. Varie
ties also differ In seed stalk
development.
Farmers should check their
grain bint often n the weath
er gets warmer. Hrgh temper
atures plus moliture in the
grain spell fun and good liv
ing for the Insect world, but
trouble for firmeri. A good
solution, says South Dakota
State College researchers, 1,
drying the grain before stor
age. Evenpwlth higher retail
food prices, the average con
sumer this year can buy more
fo with Income from an
hour's work than at any time
In the past 20 years, says the
U. S. goveQimcnt..
Enough beef, pork, lamb
and veal will be produced
this year to provide 161.5
pounds per person In the
United States, according to
estimates by theUnlted
States Department of Agricul
ture.
D
More, Better
Filberts Aim
Of OSC Study
Corvallis-More and better
filberts are goals of Oregon
State college rQrticultur.Us
who have planted nearly 500
nut trees at the new filbert
experimental plot near Wil
sonville. Although OSC has done fil
bert research on a limited
scale for more than a quarter
of a century, this Is the first
time the college has had its
own test plot. Previous studies
were made in private or
chards. Dr. S. B. Apple, head of
the OSC horticulture depart
ment, pointed out that trials
In the new plot will enable
a comparison of different va
rieties under identical condi
tions. He hopes eventually to
have 200 varieties and selec
tions under study.
A $1,600 grant from the
CjPcgon Filbert Commission
made it possible for the OSC
filbert experimental plot to
get under way.
Filbert varieties from all
over the world will be planted
and tested as first step to
ward an ultimata Deeding
program. The scientists hope
to reduce percentage of blank
(empty) nuts and find heavy
producing varieties with thin
shells and plump kernels
without rough skin. They
hope to overcome hardiness
and pollination difficulties.
Dr. Quentin Zielinski, OSC
horticulturist is in charge of
variety studies.
Crop Production Varies
Oregon filbert producers.
who grow about 90 per cent
of the nation's filberts, have
been plagued by a heavy crop
one year followed by a short
crop the next, The horticul
turists hopo to find ways of
overcoming this condition.
John H. Painter, USDA hor
ticulturist at OSC, has done
some preliminary work on
this problem by systematic
pruning to keep trees in
constant state of vigor.
Painter has some spacing
tests at the Wllsonvllle site
to establish the best initial
spacing of trees for future
pruning studies, and to show
how much production increase
may be expected with the dif
ferent planting distances.
In another project, bush
type trees will be tested
against normal tree types. In
some nut crops, the bush type
has proven more productive
than the tree type, Painter
explained. The 24-acre experi
mental plot, leased to OSC
by the state board of control
for $1 a year, li on the Dam
masch state hospital grounds.
Moth Imported
For Trial as
Weed Control
Corvallls - A French moth
with an appetite for an Ore
gon weed has been imported
in an experimental effort to
control the weed, tansy rag
wort. The weed is poisonous
to cattle and horses, and Is
a vlgorAU grower, crowding
out more desirable plants.
Jackson county doesn't have
this weed problem.
The Oregon State college
entomology department re
leased nearly 1,000 adult cin
nabar moths this month In
cooperation with county
tension agenUrin Linn
Polk counties.
ex-
and
Dr. P. O. Rltcher, head of
entomology at OSC, and Rob
ert W. Every, extension ento
mologist, emphasized that the
project Is purely experimen
tal. At present, there's no way
to know how effective the
insect will be In controlling
the weed, they said. And it
will take several years for
the cinnabar moth population
to become established In Ore
Ron. Native of France
Thpstriklngly beautiful red
and black moth Is a native
of France, where U.S. Depart
ment of Agriculture entomolo
gists found It to be a natural
enemy of tansy ragwort with
no liking for any useful
plants.
The Insects were flown by
Jet from the USDA'i entomol
ogy research laboratories In
New Jersey. Some of the Ore-
Farm
Washington- ll-The agri
cultural department predicted
that producers of eggs, broil
ers, and probably turkeys
will do betteOinancially this
year than in l!l).
Farmers' gross income from
poultry enterprises In 1959
was down to the lowest level
since 1944, according to de
partment economists writing
in the publication, "The Poul
try and Egg Situation." At
$3,100,000,000, the 1959 com
bined value of sales plus
home consumption of eggs,
farm clrj-jkens, broilers, tur
keys, and other poultry was
12 per cent lower than in
1958.
The Agricultural Depart
ment has predicted a further
seasonal increase in the price
of hogs. Since December, live
hog prices have gone up about
$4 per hmidredweight. The
Recipes Readied
For Green Bean
Sticks, Fritters
Corvallis - Oregon's famed
Blue Lake green beans may
soon appear on the dinner
table in a new disguise-as
green bean sticks and crispy
fritters.
Lois Sather, Oregon State
college food technologist re
ports that recipes for mese
new green bean products have
been developed for Oregon
processors who may want to
package them for consumers.
To make bean sticks, beans
are cooked, chopped into
small pieces, seasoned and
pressed into molds and frozen.
Frozen molded beans are then
sliced into sticks, breaded.
deep-fat fried, refrozen iQd
packaged for the supermarket
freezer cabinet. Fritters are
made by dipping green beans
into a muffin or biscuit batter
and frying in deep fat. A bowl
of crispy golden brown frit
ters is suggested as a new
party appetizer idea.
New Ways To Serve
JJomemakers ore expected
to welcome both new grecr.
bean products as appealing
new ways to serve vegetables
to children, says Mrs. Sather.
Both receipes retain fresh
green bean flavor and can be
dressed up with ham season
ing or cheese sauces. Bean
sticks are also tasty topped
with hollandaise or mush
room sauce, continues the
home economist. OSC student
"taste testers" last week reg
istered a definite like for the
new bean products.
New green bean forms have
been developed to meet de
mand for easy to prepare con
venience foods, the food tech
nologist notes. Both are ready
to serve after 12 minutes heat
ing in a 400 degree oven.
Other promising new green
bean recipies include frozen
green beans au gratin (with
cheese sauce) and frozen
Spanish" beans, beans topped
with a spice tomato sauce.
New recipes, such as these,
ate providing another outlet
for Oregon's $10,000,000 a
year snap bean crop, say OSC
experts. Processors are also
expected to enjoy savings and
convenience of using top qual
ity irregular or extra large
green beans that do not fit
standard size packnges. Ore
gon is the largest producer
by far of snap beans in the
U.S.
gon shipment was kept in the
OSC greenhouse to lay their
tiny yellow eggs on tansy rag
wort plants. Most ot the moths
were released in patches of
Gnsy ragwort on farms near
Valley Junction and Lyons.
California, Washington and
Oregon all have heavy infes
tations of tansy ragwort. The
weed is aggressively spread
ing over more land each year.
Chemicals control it, but areas
of infestation are so great,
and in many cases ! inacces
sible, that spraying is eco
nomically unfeasible,
California got a shipment
of cinnabar moth larvae for
release last year, but the May
shipment to Oregon was the
first for this state.
Rotation - grazed pastures
may yield three times as
much grazing per acre as con
tinuously grazed pastures,
says Purdue University.
0
NOW--
THRIFTY GREEIi STAMPS
at-
SEE AD ON
Notes
department said that by mid
summer, marketings will be
considerably below a year
earlier and will stay below
the rest of 1980. Prices dur
ing this qjurlod are likely to
average substantially higher.
Cattle slaughter through
1960 probably will continue
above 1959, the department
said. Production, however,
will continue to exceed
slaughter. Numbers are like
ly to increase again this year,
but probably at a rate slower
than last year's 4,900,000
head.
The crop reporting board
saQ a 1 pt cent increase
over last year's planted acre
age of nine processing vege
table crops was indicated for
1960. Increases in 1960 over
1959 acreage: Green lima
beans, 15 per cent; snap beans,
6 per cent; beets for canning,
7 per cent; cabbage for kraut,
14 per cent; and green peas,
2 per cent.
These larger acreages were
nearly offset by declines in
sweet corn and cucumbers
for pickles, each off 3 per
cent; combined winter and
early spring spinaig, 7 per
cent; and tomatoes, 1 per
cent. The chanjOs indicated
for all crops except green
peas and spinach were based
on processors' intentions be
fore planting time.
The FAS said one of the
most significant developments
in livestock production con
tinues to be the emphasis be
ing given by most Commu
nist bloc countries to pro
ducing faster-maturing ani
mals, one type of which is
sheep, in their drive to In
crease meat production. The
FAS said the slow increase
in world numbers partly re
flects the relatively low
world wool prices in 1958
and early 1959.
Russia, Red China and East
ern burope provided more
than 80 per cent of the world
increase in sheep numbers
during 1959, and about half
of the world gain from the
1951-55 average. These gains,
mostly in the Soviet Union,
resulted mainly from the spe
cial government emphasis and
encouragement to all phases
ot sneep production, particu
larly better pastures and
breed improvement.
Washington - IUPD - Red
grapefruit juice in its natural
color soon may be on the way
to the canned goods section in
grocery stores.
The Agricultural Research
Service (ARS) has developed
a method for producing natur
ally colored single -strength
canned juice from red grape
fruit. In the process, some of
tne coior-oearlng pulp nor
mally removed is finely
ground and added back to
the juice.
Before the product becomes
available to the general pub
lic a processing firm must
pick up the patent from ARS
and begin producing it com
mercially. The agriculture department
said the . pulp-fortified juice
does not develop the objec
tionable muddiness or brown
ing characteristic of juice
made by conventional meth
ods. The product also has a
higher pro-vitamin A content.
ARS said this is carotene, a
substance the human body
can convert into vitamin A.
Interior Secretary Fred A.
Seaton has suggested a new
use for the government's sur
plus grain. He called for leg
islation authorizing use of
surplus grain by state fish
and game departments for
emergency feeding of resi
dent game birds and other
wildlife threatened with star
vation. Under the proposed legisla
tion, the Commodity Credit
corp. would furnish the grain
free, with states paying the
cost of transportation and
packaging of the grain.
A study by the Illinois
dairy herd Improvement asso
ciation shows that 10 cows
averaging 10,239 pounds of
milk a year can give the same
Return over feed iosts as 34a
cuws producing an averagg oi
3,jn puunas.
The study showed that high
producers eat more feed than
low producers but, as a cow's
production increases, feed
costi rise it a slower rate
than returns above feed costs.
PAGES 4C and 5C
Soviet Attitude Blamed
Oft Agricultural Problems
By GAYLORD P. GODWIN
United Press International
Washington - IUPB - In the
fall of 1959, a Soviet agricul-
State Program
Meat Inspect
About Double
Salem - S?aughter plants
which were under state meat
inspection in the first quarter
of 1959 handled about 10 per
cent more animals in the first
three months of this year.
But that's only part of the
story. Total animals under
state meat inspection in the
first quarter of th year
climbed to 109,125 head cm
pared with 58 685 head a year
earlier - nearly double.
Dr. M. L. Houston, meat
inspection supervisor for the
state department of agricul
ture, says the higher total Is
swelled by output from threeifor 10:30 a.m. Monday, May
city of Portland plants and six
others which were not under
the program a year ago. The
Portland and more recently
enrolled plants account for
slightly more than 4,000 head
of theQiuarterly increase,
Animal condemnations on
antOmortem (live) inspections
climbed in the 1960 quarter to
37 head, compared with 32 a
year ago. On the post-mortem
or after-kill inspections, con
demnations were down to 171
carcasses from 217 a year
earlier. Percentagewise, meat
animals withdrawn from mar
ket as unfit for human con
sumption were considerably
Lp w e r than a year ago -!B100ths
of 1 per cent com
pared with 33100ths of 1 per
cent.
In the first 1960 quarter,
the state meat inspectors re
jected 211,014 pounds of edi
ble jirgans, including livers,
hearts, hearts, kidneys, and
tongues; also 1756 pounds of
meat food products.
Live animals inspected and
total condemnations (both live
and carcass) in the first 1960
quarter: cattle, 34,276 and 110
condemnations; calves, 3604
and 8; sheep 3448 and 54;
swine, 66,937 and 81; goats,
54, no condemnations; horses,
562 and 1.
WESTERN
VJFA MARKETING SERVICES
MEAN GREATER FARM PROFIT
lYNPEN Brands, produced to fill consumer specifica
tions, have become the corner-stone of stable sales commit
ments
In 1959
9
YOU, TOO, CAN INCREASE YOUR FARM PROFIT! BY USING
tural newspaper published an
ertlcle entitled, "You can be
lire, Mr. Benson, we win
catch up and surpass you."
The article was published
about the time Agriculture
Secretary Ezra T. Benson com
pleted a good will and trade
development trip to the Soviet
Union. It referred to Russian
efforts to out produce the
United States agriculturally.
Trying to make good on the
headline boast may be one of
the reasons Soviet Premier
Nikita Khrushchev threw a
Hearing Slated
On Dairy Budget
Salem - All dairy produc
ers and filbert growers are in
vited to attend public hear
ings on the proposed budgets
for their respnetive commod
ity commissions next week.
The Oregon Dairy Products
mmmlBEinn cnsslnn was set
23. and the Oregon Filbert
Commission's proposed budget
will come up May 24 at 10
a.m. Both sessions will be In
the conference room f the
state department of agricul
ture building, 158 12th st
N.E., Salem,
The proposed budget for Wie
dairy commission will total
$199,955 fot) the fiscal year
commencing July 1. This is di
vided about one-third each in
support of the Oregon Dairy
council, the American Dairy
association and for commis
sion research and promotion
programs within Oregon.
The Filbert Commission's
budget proposals total $24,847,
rgt including a $1,500 emer
gency fund, for the same per
iod. This includes $7,000 for
grants-in-aid and research on
both production and market
ing problems; $1,500 for
studies of legislation and im
port controls; and $11,600 for
adveritsing and promotion
programs.
Each commission will hold
a meeting following its hear
ing to adopt the final 1960-61
budget.
According to the USDA, the
average farmer spends $418
a year for petroleum products.
insuring continuous,
Also our ever-expanding activities supplying
feed, seeds, fertilizer, farm production supplies,
petroleum and seasonal production credit on a co
operative basis furnish members with quality
supplies at competitive prices.
member received the following patronage returns: 8 -f
-farm production uppllos; 6 -lead; 3,a.f8t8eK Q
Servina Northwest
Africulture Since 1917
monkey wrench into the open
ing session of the lumrrt con
ference at Paris Monoti)(j It
may be that Khrushchev was
trying to divert attention of
the Russian people from a
pressing home problem -Agrictfture-New
Farm Area
Since 1953, Russia has ex
panded her cultivated areas
by almost 100 million acres,
To do this Soviet farmers
plowed up arid and semiarid
land, plus millions of acres
covered with grass. Much of
this plowing was gdone in
Kazakhstan which was to
become a companion "bread
basket" to the rich Ukraine
and Crimea areas. Apparently
the idea was, that with new
acres in cultivation, all Rus
sia farmers had to do was
plant their seeds, cultivate the
land, and harvest bountiful
crops, weather permitting.
The anticipated bumper
crops would give Soviet lead
ers an opportunity to tell the
world that Mother Russia
could feed her own millions
and those of satellite coun
tries, and out-produce the
capitalist United States.
The Russian leaders may
have reckoned without the
weather. For example, wind
and dust storms. On April Id
a Russian newspaper in the
Ukraine said dust storms there
were "very severethe worst
ever." The newspaper said
"crops have simply been
blown out" by terrific winds.
The spring was referred to as
"very trying." Farmers, the
newspaper said, have been
hard put to get their seeding
done. Similar storms were re
ported in the Crimea.
Last Harvest Poor
Last December Khrushchev
disclosed that the 1959 Soviet
harvest was the worst in four
years. He blamed the weather
and "leaders who do not
understand a thing about ag
riculture." He centered his at
tack on the failure of the lead
ers to come with a good
harvest in Kazakhstan, where
much new land had been
opened to cultivation - and
Call SAM JONES
SP 2-9220
for quality used equipment
CRATER LAKE MACHINERY
profitable returns to members
JADDOCIATIOfi(
to considerable wind erosion.
A U.S. agriculture depart
ment official said that in 1657.
some 400,000 hectares (988,.
400 acres) in Kazakhstan had
Quffered sQerely from wind
erosion, f oreign agricultural
analysts, basing their reason
ing on that Information end
adding Khrushchev's 0 w It
words to it, are notOuH th
situation has improved much,
if anO
, u could be mat twrusn
chev has heard loud mutter
Ings about Adverse agricul
tural conditions in his own
country - and consequently
used the summit conference
as a vehicle divert h
countrymen's attentlonfrnnj
their internal difficulties.
"The Massive Hunt
for a Cancer Cure"
5S
"The Skyscraper,
. Nurse"
"America's Best.
Boat Waters" ?
O fc
"Cookbook Section"
Medford Mail Tribune
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