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242 Nominated To
Hall of Fame for
Great Americans
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'CHESSMAN KIN GLAD - Richard W. Chessman, 64, of
.Chicago, uncle and closest kin of the late convict-author,
Caryl Chessman, said that the $5,000 willed him by Chess
.jnan will come In handy. He said he barely knew his brother's
son, Caryl, who died in a California gas chamber May 2.
;Chessman's will was probated in San Rafael, Calif., Wednes
day. Richard Chessman said a 1958 heart attack forced him
to quit his bus-boy job. (UPI Telepholo)
Underground
Atom Blast Seen
Hard To Identify
New York - CTI - A total of
242 persons, including poet
Joyce Kilmer, Mormon leader
Brigham Young and Christian
Science founder Mary Baker
Eddy, have been nominated
for 1960 s 13th election to the
hall of fame for great Ameri
cans at New York university,
it has been announced.
The list, to be voted on by
147 distinguished citizens. In
cludes Presidents Andrew
Johnson, William McKinley,
James Knox Polk. Calvin
Coolidiie. William Henry Har- J
rison and Benjamin Harrison, i
Four presidential also-rans !
also are included - Samuel I
Jones Tllden, Horare Greeley, i
William Jennings Bryan and
Aaron Burr.
Other nomineej include
military heroes, crusar'ers for
woman's suffrage and the ab
olition of slavery, authors, ar
tists, composers, pioneers in j
medicine, scientists, educators
and business leaders.
To be elected, a person
must have been dead at least
25 years and must have con
tributed significantly to the
history, culture or develop
ment of the nation.
A maximum of seven can
didates will be selected, with
the results to be named Nov.
1-
Among the nominees are
Horatio Alger, author of
books for boys; Thomas A. j
Edison, invenlor of the elec- '
ric light, and Will Rogers, i
humorist and actor. Publish- ;
ers Adolph Ochs and Joseph
Pulitzer are on the ballot, as
are artist Winslow Homer and
Francis Scott Key, author of
the text to "The Star Spangl
ed Banner."
Washington -UPt- The con-
gressional atomic energy com
mittee has reported unani
mously that it will not be
possible, for at least several
years, to positively Identify
clandestine underground teste
of Hiroshima-size weapons.
The panel also reported a
general agreement, by scien
tists at recent hearings, that
'c landestine tests of large nu
clear weapons could success
fully be conducted In space
."within the present scope of
missile and satellite technol
ogy." ' The committee released a
summary and analysis of test
detection hearings held by
two of its subcommittees sit
ting jointly last month. Is
sued as a committee report,
the analysis was approved by
all of the full committee's 18
members.
Could Escapa Detection
The summary said resource
ful cheating on a test-ban
could for the next several
years, escape detection of tests
of weaponi five times the
Hiroshima sire hy muffling
their shock effect in large
underground cavities.
"Therefore it seems that for
Hie next several years and
possibly thereafter there
could be a race between im
proved means of detection
and identification as against
Improvnd means of concealing
and muffling nuclear tests,"
the committee said.
President Eisenhower an
nounced yesterday that the
United States will resume un
derground testing of nuclear
weapons by the end of the
year for "non-weapon" pur
poses - Including improved
detection system.
i n e committee summary
noted that the 1058 confer
ence of scientific experts in
Geneva concluded that under
ground tests yielding a force
of less than 5,000 tons of TNT
could be detected and located
with a system of 180 control
posts throughout the world
spaced 800 to 1.000 miles
apart.
Underground Disturbances
The finding of the senate
house committee was. in ef
fect, that underground blasts
yielding some about the
equivalent of 20,000 tons of
TNT (the Hiroshima size) will
not be identifiable as clandes
tine weapons tests "at least
for the next several years"
Ithotigh they may be detect
ed as an underground disturb
ance. This was the committee's
f'nding:
"It appears from the testi
mony that at least for the
next several years it will not
lie pojsible to identify under
ground events whoa seismic
signal record the equivalent
of a non-mufflerf miriap ,. '
plosion of 20 kllotons or lest,
although they may be detect
ed. "I-'urther, It appears that
for ttm same tune period It
will not be possible to detect
muffled tests of 100 kilotons
or more set off deep under
ground In large cavities."
Program Needed
The committee . reported
that a score of scientists who
testified at the hearings gen
erally agreed that:
- A "vigorous and sustain
ed program of research and
development" Is needed on
techniques for detection, iden
tification and inspection of
underground tests.
The proposed Geneva con
trol system will need "aug
mentation and improvement"
to get down to the level of
a 5,000 ton TNT range blast.
- More detection stations
will be needed and, if they
re provided, there will be
more unidentified under-
ground rumbles which may
require on-site Inspection.
Cigarette Smoking
Cuts Lung Power
Bethesda Md. (Science Serv
IccKThe coach is riulit. nth.
leles. Smoking reduces lung
and breathing capacity, a
study, partly supported by the
national Heart institute here,
shows.
The study indicates c-eriain
irritants produced by smoking
can lead to chronic infection
and permanent damage to the
lungs. The researchers con
clude that lungs are probably
physically changed by smok
ing. The study was made in
Dallas. Tex., by Dr. Russell
H. Wilson and Dr. Robert S.
Meador, both of the Univer
sity of Texas Southwestern
Medical school, and Bruce P
Jay and Evelyn Higgins, both
of the Veterans Administra
tion hospital, Dallas. Thev are
reporting details In the New
England Journal of Medicine.
They studied 14 smokers
and 14 non-smokers. These
persons were selected from
s 1 m 1 a r backgrounds. They
had no significant differences
In physical appearance. nKe or
history of disease. The only
significant difference report
ed by the researchers is that
one group had smoked a Daek
or more of clrgarettes daily
for an average of 18 years
and the other group had nut
smoked at all.
Weather Map Said
Aid to Vacationers
Washington - (Science Serv
ice) - Newlyweds planning
their honeymoons or persons
planning vacations in June
will find help in a June tem
perature map issued by the
U.S. weather bureau here.
The map shows the average
temperatures expected in
areas throughout the United
States.
Vacationers who like fairly
even temperatures with aver
age variations of less than 10
degrees Fahrenheit a day may
find the Texas coast near
Galveston or the Pacific coast
of Washington and Oregon
will fill the bill. Fo.- those
who want hot days and rela
tively cool nights, Arizona Is
the stale, for there the aver
age temperature changes
about 30 degrees within 24
hours, averaging about 80 degrees.
As might be expected, the
coolest June temperatures are
to be found in the Rocky
Mountain stales, where daily
temperaf ires ranges vary
from 25 to 33 degrees. For
warm weather with 12- to 15
riegree variations from day to
night, southern Florida is the
place to go.
The weather bureau charts
contain generalized informa
tion only, based upon records
of 600 stations for periods of
more than 50 years. Local
weather bureau offices can
often furnish specific infor
mation on climate in their
areas.
Heavy Water Helps
Growth of Yiruses
New York - (Science Serv
ice) - Viruses multiply better
In cells grown in heavy water
deuterium oxide) than they
1 do in cells grown in ordinary
water.
Dr. David Kritchevskv of
the Wistar institute. Phila
delphia, told a New York
Academy of Sciences confer
ence here that a weakened
polio virus strain, known as
the CHAT strain, grows well
on monkey kidney cells when
the medium contains water
that Is 40 per cent to 50 per
cent deuterium oxide. Where
there is no heavy water, the
Virus dues not thrive.
The CHAT virus was also
grown on experimental tumor
cells, called HeUa cells. Dr.
Kritchevsky said. When the
water contained 25 per cent
deuterium oxide, the vims
burst, or the number of virus
es emerging from cell In
fested by a single virus when
the cell bursts open, was five
to ten times greater.
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