Virus Symptoms Verses
C i egen State
Corvail's-vS hen you come j
f'jv.n with a v. us, certain ;
symptoms -sore throat, head
cine, runny nose, or rash
make you aware of the infec
tion. But when your prize
dahlia, or any other plant
gets a virus, symptoms often
are not so obvious.
When you get a virus, you
can complain to your doctor.
But a plant has no way of
explaining where it aches. Vi
rus infection have been com
mon in plants for thousands
of years. Some viruses pro
duce no visual effect; others
arc easy to detect.
Dr. John Milbrath, Oregon
Slate College plant patholo
gist, is studying ways to de
tect hidden viruses in plants,
particularly fruit trees. He has
developed a quick 16-week)
test to discover disease-free
trees for nursery stock.
Earlier, it took two or more
years to complete tests de
tecting viruses in normal ap
pearing trees.
Virus symptoms in plants
may include stunted growth,
curled leaves, dead or yellow
spots, underdeveloped fruit,
low yield, or sometimes
death.
One pie cherry grower in
Yamhill county reported that
his virus-free trees produced
as much fruit when they were
four years old as infected
trees produced during their
seventh year.
Potatoes Infected
Nearly all potatoes are in
fected with a virus, which is
harmless to those who cat
the vegetable, but which re
duces crop yield about 20 per
cent. The virus-infected potato
displays no symptoms, but the
same virus will damage to
matoes. 1 tobacco mosaic vi
rus also reaches the tomato,
the combination of the two
viruses will kill the tomato
plant. Smoking is forbidden
in greenhouses for tobacco
mosaic is readily passed from
the cigarette to the smoker's
hands, and on to the plant.
Another potato virus causes
the tuber to grow above
ground. At first thought this
appears handy for the potato
picker, but Milbrath hastened
to explain that sunlight causes
purple-green potatoes which
aren't palatable.
Another difference between
plant viruses and human vi
ruses is that people can take
medicine, develop antibodies,,
and recover. But once a plant
becomes infected, the infec
tion's there to stay. Sprays
or other treatments can't cure
it.
Milbrath mentioned three
ways to help prevent virus
infection: (1) Be sure the plant
doesn't have a virus when you
buy it. (2) Control insects, for
they carry viruses. (3) Get rid
of infected plants before they
transmit the virus to another
plant.
Viruses are fickle. A certain
virus will affect one plant one
way, another plant a different
way. Sometimes a plant can
carry a virus without symp
toms but can transmit the
virus to another plant that
will become seriously affected.
Dahlias Carry Virus
The plant pathologist point
ed out that most dahlias carry
a virus which affects tomatoes,
so it's foolish to try to grow
these two plants in the same
garden. You shouldn't grow
cucumbers or beans near
gladiolus either, he cautions.
Glads carry viruses that will
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prevent
pole bean from I
growing
more than five or !
six inches tall, and will cause ;
a cucumber to shrivel.
Now that dwarf fruit trees
are becoming popular, could
viruses be put to practical use
in dwarfing them? Milbrath
says "no" since the virus
would cause more harm than
good.
Viruses have been around
for at least five centuries, but
they're so tiny they weren't
seen until about 1340 when
an electron microscope was
developed. An ordinary micro
scope can't detect them.
Evidence that viruses were
present five centuries ago is
found in paintings of that
time. Fifteenth century artists
often pairted tulips with varie
gated flowers. Scientists have
discovered that a virus causes
this discoloration. It looks
pretty, but eventually will
dwarf or kill the plant.
Now that scientists are find
ing easier ways to delect plant
viruses, some day they may
come up with controlj too.
Such a scientific breakthrough
would do much to increase
yields of many Oregon crops,
Dr. Milbrath noted.
Meetings Started
For Cattlemen
Salem - Slate and federal
veterinarians are holding a
series of meetings with east
ern Oregon county cattlemen's
associations, interested stock
yard operators and others to
explain new developments in
the cull and dry cow trace
back program.
Particular emphasis at the
series, arranged in coopera
tion with county extension
agents, .is the new program
adopted upon recommenda
tion of the State Board of
Livestock Auction Markets.
This board, an official ad
visory unit to the state de
partment of agriculture, has
ecuuimcnued lagging aii cat
tle moving through stockyards
with dual-purpose identifica
tion.
The single tag, now on or
der and to be distributed later
this spring, will serve both as
official identification In the
Bang's program and as sale-
yard identification.
Meetings were held at Med
ford, Klamath Falls, Lake
view, Burns and Ontario the
week of April 18-22: at Can
yon City, Prineville and
Mitchell, April 25-30; Lapine,
and Baker, May 2.
Other meetings scheduled:
La Grande. May 3; Enterprise,
May 4; Pendleton, May 5;
Madras, May 9; Heppner, May
10; The Dalles, May 11; Moro,
May 12.
Assisting Dr. L. E. Boden
weiser, state veterinarian, and
Dr. A. G. Beagle, federal vet
erinarian in charge in Oregon,
with the scries are Dr. O. J.
Halverson and Dr. Kenneth
Erickson of the federal staff
and Dr. M. R. Woulfe, assist
ant state veterinarian.
Washington - lUPIl - The De
partment of Agriculture re
ports fertilizer supplies for
the year ended June 30 will
be a record 8,085,000 tons of
plant nutrients-nitrogen phos
phate and potash. This is 5.2
per cent more than the ton
nage on hand on June 30 a
year ago.
Table Model Radio
SERVICE SPECIAL
Replace all defective
Tubes
Clean and adjust
Align and Tune
Dm not iricludt) broken cui knobt.
Just Day "Charge It"
us ear a 30 day charge
or tofee months to pay.
A "p'cP!
501 '
ysA-f.m. vv
Free cf Scab
State Men Report
Salem - Only one of the
herds exposed to scab in the
Baker county outbreak last
January L still held under
quarantine, according to the
state and federal veterinar-1
ians' offices at Salem.
All Baker county herds
have been dipped and re
leased. Tiie one remaining
herd is in Umatilla county;
this herd was trea'cd earlier
but not under official super
vision so arrangements have
been made for retreatmcnt in
the near future.
(California still has an em
bargo against beef cattle
movement into that state from
Baker and adjoining Union,
Grant, Malheur and Wallowa
counties. Entry may be made
from anywhere else in Ore
gon on an official health ex
amination and veterinarian's
certification.)
Herds Quarantined
Thirty-one herds of cattle
were under quarantine for tu
berculosis at the end of March,
according to the federal-state
animal disease monthly re
port. Fifteen new reactors on
10 farms were found in March
T. B. testing of roughly 12,
000 cattle in 511 herds. The
March tests showed an inci
dence of 13 100th of 1 per
cent-a small percentage but
sufficient to pinpoint the ne
cessity for continual guard,
says Dr. A. G. Beagle, in
charge of federal veterinar
ians in Oregon.
The report shows white
muscle disease in cattle and
sheep was found in 11 herds
in Jackson county and 10
herds in Klamath county in
March. Also, two herds of cat
tle in Tillamook county were
dipped because of exposure
to chorioptic mange and one
goat in Clackamas county was
quarantined for the same
cause. This is a mild form
of mange and one familiar to
show exhibitors throughout
the country.
Leptospirosis tests conduct
ed on 34 herds in Benton and
Curry county disclosed seven
reactors.
On the brucellosis front,
10 counties are now entirely
free of quarantined herds. As
of April 22, 142 herds in the
remaining counties were un
der quarantine because one or
more was found. This is a sub
stantial reduction since last
July.
The turkey industry ac
counted for $329,000,000 of
farmers' cash receipts in 1959,
according to the agriculture
department. This return was 5
per cent above that of 1958,
and was based on 1,379,000,
000 pounds of live weight of
turkeys.
The average farm price of
turkeys last year was 23.9
cents per pound live weight,
same as the average price re
ceived in 1958. Prices during
the first 10 months of 1959
averaged lower than a year
earlier. They advanced in No
vember and December.
Turkeys raised In 1959 to
taled 82.100.000 birds, 5 per
cent more than the previous
year.
Statistics on canned and
processed poultry in Febru
ary indicate the use of these
foods is going up.
JACKiOH , 94M1
i GARDENING
By DON BERRY
Count Exttniion Agant
PEACH TWIG BORERS
Home gardeners as well as
commercial orchardists should
check their peace and aprico:
trees for the presence of peach
twig borer. This pest is now
working in the twigs of new
growth and is most "asily lo
cated by finding wilted t'ps
and leaves. At the base of
these wilted twigs a small
brownish worm will be found
burrowing.
Unless control measures
are taken where peach twig
borers are present a second
generation will be produced
and wormy fruit will result.
Controls consist of spraving
your trees thoroughly. In
large sprayers use two pounds
of DDT or Diazinon per 100
gallons. For home gardeners
one tablespoon of Malathion
plus one heaping tablespoon of
DDT per 100 gallons should
be used.
Where severe infestations
occur a second spray may be
needed about three weeks
prior to harvest to prevent
worms from entering the fruit.
APHID WARNING
Spruce, especially the Col
orado Blue Spruce, should be
closely watched now for small,
dull-green aphids.
These aphids can devitalize
spruce trees and kill them.
This has happened in the other
areas of Oregon in previous)
years when infestations of
spruce aphids were high.
Either Diazinon, Lindane, or
Malathion is recommended for
controlling spruce aphids
when they are present. Follow
the general directions on the
label of the container.
PEACH LEAF CURL
Many back yard peach
growers are inquiring as to
what may be done to control
the peace leaf curl that is
showing up now in their trees.
This disease shows up as
curled leaves which are yel
low or reddish in color and
somewhat thickened in tex
ture. Since this is caused by
a fungus disease that works
in the winter time, nothing
can be done to cure leaves
which are already curled.
Since these leaves will even
tually drop and new leaves re
place them the best current
practice would be to apply sul
fate of ammonia or other good
commercial fertilizers to your
peach trees to stimulate them
to grow new leaves.
Neutral copper sprays ap
plied after harvest and again
during the winter time are the
best method of controlling this
disease. Home orchard spray
schedules covering this and
other diseases of backyard
fruit trees may be picked up
at the county agent's office in
the court house.
WALNUT CARE
Now is the time to prune
or graft walnut trees. During
the last half of April to the
first of May is the recommend
ed time for pruning or graft
ing English Walnuts as they
do not bleed at this time of
the year.
While this bleeding is not
considered a serious detriment
as far as pruning is concern
ed, grafts put in during e
bleeding period seldom grow
While this rule of not bleed
ing during this time of year
is a general one, but not al-
Farm
Washington -(DPP- The ag
riculture department has is
sued a new edition of a food
guide for families with young
children. It is one of a series
on food planning and buying
for families of different ages
and incomes.
The guide, prepared by the
department's Institute of
Home Economics, offers week
ly food plans that suggest
amounts of 11 food groups
to buy for a well-balanced
diet.
If farmers carry out their
marketing intentions, beef
supplies should become some
what larger during April,
May, and June than they were
a year ago. Cattle feeders in
21 important livestock feeding
states expect to market 53 per
cent of the April 1 Inventory
during the three-month per
iod. If these intentioni ma
terialize, marketings would be
19 per cent higher than during
! April-May-June, 1959.
The 21 states Include 12
north central statei plui Penn
sylvania, Oklahoma, Texas,
Montana, Idaho, Colorado,
Utah, Arizona, and California.
Broiler -type chlcki pro-
I dueed by commercial hatch
eries in March totaled 175.
380.000, down 4 per cent from
March, 1959. Production of
'eg-type chicks In March to
taled 72 '82.000, down 38 per
cent from the tame month last
year. The production of egg-
type tfcicki for the flraf three
months of I960 totaled 14,
8115.000, compered to 218.073,
004 during lit Mnt period in
ll)5 decvetM of ST rer
cent. PrsducUon f broiler'
tvne cH4r ifom IthaKth
piOnlb ahowed an increase of '
"5 1 BPS
lira
ways the case, it is a good
idea to snip off a small twig
the size of your thumb and
wait an hour or so to check
and see if it drips.
LAWN CARE
The best control for mush
rooms, toadstools, and puff
balls in lawns is to provide
good growing conditions for
llie grass. A good lawn fertil
ity program and regular mow
ing to help provide such grow
ing conditions and a vigorous
lawn belter competes and in
terferes with their growth.
If they are not too numerous
thc.-c growths can be individ
ually picked and destroyed.
Since mushrooms, puffballs,
and toadstools are the fruit
ing or seeding bodies of the
fungi they represent, picking
them helps reduce their
spreading.
These growths are occasion
ally associated with a turf
disease such as fairy ring. In
these cases controlling the dis
ease is the solution to the
problems.
The presence of mushrooms,
puffballs, and toadstools indi
cates a high level of organic
matter in the soil. They feed
almost exclusively on organic
matter.
Lawn clippings, organic fer
tilizers, and matting and
thatching of the turf tend to
contribute to the problem.
Annual close mowing helps by
removing excess organic mat
ter above the soil surface.
Since they feed on organic
matter and not on the grass,
mushrooms, puffballs, and
toadstools are more unsightly
than harmful.
WEED KILLERS
Many lawn weeds arc effec
tively controlled with "weed
killers" in the spring when
they arc growing rapidly.
A combination of 2.4-D and
2.4,5-T, sold as "lawn weed
killer" by garden supply
stores, kills a variety of broad
leaf weeds. Dandelion, false
dandelion, buckhorn and com
mon plantain, and other "easy
to kill" weeds arc readily con
trolled with this combination.
Even some of the more dif
ficult lawn weeds are affected
by this same weed killer to
varying degrees. Such weeds
include duckweed, the wild
clovers, white clover, veroni
ca, yarrow, and dog fennel.
Using a spreader-sticker with
the weed killer often gives
better results on these more
difficult pests.
Specialized herbicides are
becoming more important in
lawn weed control. Endothal
rates higli in ridding lawns of
veronica or speedwell, wild
clovers, and annual bluegrass.
2,4,5 -TP, sometimes called
Silvex, is one of the best con
trols for chickweed.
Most difficult to control are
the weedy grasses. Few, if
any, weed killers have much
effect on ryegrass, velvet
grass, and quackgrass which
are commonly found in lawns.
Preventing them in newly
seeded lawns and digging or
pulling them from established
lawns seems to give best con
trol. A lawn properly cared for
and growing vigorously re
sists weed infestations. Ade
quate fertilization and proper
mowing and watering are
among the best lawn weed
control practices.
Notes
2 per cent over production In
the same period of 1959.
Washington -IUPH- The Agri
culture Department said today
total supplies of feed grains
and other feed concentrates in
1960-61 may rise to a new
record high, if early spring
prospects materialize.
Farmers are planning a
slightly smaller acreage of
feed grains and with a normal
growing season, production
would be a little under last
year's record crop of 168 mil
lion tons. But the carryover
of feed grains in 1960-61 is
expected to be some 10 mil
lion tons larger than the 68
million ton surplus a year ago.
The department! agricul
ture research policy commit
tee has called for expanded
research on food and human
nutrition.
The committee's recommen
dation envisions greater
knowledge about nutrients In
food, food quality, consump
tion of foods, U.S. dietary lev
els, and factori In nutrition
It is aimed at "improving the
future well-being of all citi
zens." Washington -UPl- The For
eign Agricultural Service said
today agricultural area of
i:ru'iiay, Chile, and Argen
tina have been hit hard by
drought.
FAS said that althnugh
about 110,000 tone of feed
grains are scheduled Vt he
purchaied by L'ruguay from
the United Sutu undef the
surplus disposal law, ddi-
1'iunal feet! grain Import! may
toe .weeded. ,-o
'Chiie. a hard htt by
drought cwtiifo reduced 199-
sariuniraeTittatA:
' auMilj Mil aiaf I Bi'ioat'iti f w iljfM tor
'xsr'zrTJT'l . J !
A- -oy.r-n i !
"ti kitchen fo" .
' WF 1 BtOROOM
Hi IS
.IB IIVM HOOII - DUINO
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pip
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PLAN NO.
1454 SQUARE FEET
This Week's
affected fruit output and pas
ture conditions.
Washington -MPI- The agri
culture department said de
tailed snow runoff forecasts
issued by the Soil Conserva
tion Service showed a rever
sal of the pattern of recent
years in the prospective sup
ply for the I960 summer water-using
season.
The report, compiled on the
basis of April 1 snow meas
urements, showed a relative
ly better outlook for New
Mexico and Arizona, with
normal or better runoff also
expected in Colorado.
On the Columbia, Missouri,
and Great Basin drainages,
In the same way that stmung on silver signifies
a standard of known value, so is the A. B.C. em
blem a symbol of integrity for the circulation of
newspapers and periodicals. It means that circu
lation so identified is measured according to the
rules and standards of the Audit Bureau or
Circulation!
The A. B.C. is a cooperative and non-profit
association of 3,450 publishers, advertisers and
advertising agencies. Organized in 1914, these
buyers and sellers of advertising brought order
cut ot advertising chaos by eetttng
up standards for paid circulation
nd establishing rules and method!
for measuring, auditing and report
ing circulation.
Therefore, the work of the A.B.C.,
of which this newspaper ij proud to
O
O
AiT-M '
-.-mn MMIBaaWy Hal. " ' IB
3746 I
Home of Distinction
This plan by Hiawatha
Estes features a home to relax
in. The home measures 1.454
square feet and plays up large
room sizes and plenty of stor
age. The living-dining room
stretches across nearly 30
feet.
Complete working drawings of
the above plmi ran he purrhasrd at '
a ro'l of J7.5Q 'or the first set and '
$S for earh additional set, when
ordered at the same time. This
plan will he available at thene
strcamflow was expected to !
range below normal with ir
rigation water supplies gen-1
crally on the short side.
California's Central Valley
I was expected to have cx-
1 trcmely low runoff again this
'year, as in 1959.
MEMO TO
- fi.
J
1
MEDFORD
o
o
m.
pli
A t !.,) A Ay,iA$4iill6 .ADVifmSo vaiui
prim until Auk. 17, lilfifl. Please
alluw two weeki for delivery. If
the above home does not entirely
meel with voitr aadsfat-lliill. a tirw
borne plan hook, liO.MKS OK DIS
TINCTION, may hep urrhased for
SI. Send all orders for either plans
or hooks to: Hiawatha Kstrs, P. O.
Box -III4-T, Northrldce. Calif.
MIRRORS
You'd be lost without
on. All sizes in stock.
Phone SP 3-3613
SELBY 5s
303 No. Barllett
ADVERTISERS
t '1
X
of Qirculaiion
be a member, provides you with a direct and
valuable service. You can buy advertising as you
would make any other sound business investment
on tlie basis of well known standards, known
values.
At regular intervals one of the Bureau's large
staff of exerienced circulation auditors makes a
thorough audit of our circulation records. The
results of this exacting audit show: How much
circulation we have; where our circulation goes;
how it was obtained; and many other FACTS that
you need in order to know just what
you get for your advertising dollars."
This audited information is pub
lished by the Bureau in easy-to-read
A.B.C. reports which are avaifrtbl
to our advrtir8 on request. Ask
for a copy of our latt A.B.C. report.'
MAIL TMDUNB
o
o
- MAIL TRIBUNE, Mrdff.d, Or,
j Tiieidir, Miv i. i960
Seven Share Pcol
In Ice Brea!;-Uo
Nenana. Alaska t PH - The
ice on tlie Xanana river broke
up and began moving out at
8:12 p.m. ip s.t.) Monday mak
ing seven persons the winners
of this year's Nenana ice pool.
The holders of the winning
tickets will share a S100.000
prize which, although glam
orous, is the lowest in recent
years. The 1j59 pool came to
SI 13.000
The tune ol the break is
recorded by an electronic de
vice attached to a tripod in the
center of the river. A huge
chunk of ice nit and demol
ished the rig only seconds
after the break-up started
Monday night.
The winners, each of them
hunting a SI ticket, had to
guess the day, hour and min
ute the winter ice would give
way to spring.
Enough saw timber to build
25 million new houses now
stands in the commercial for
ests of California.
Made to pamper your cat
...they're not just flavor
they're ths real thing.
LIVER 'a MEAT
KIDNEY ' MEAT
CHICKEN
MEATY MIX
i chopped mn
lalue
o
o
0
O
)L.:-c-