Idrth, Planets Said Ashes of Stars Which Died Billions of Years Ago
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55 Washington -A!n- The earth
-jnd her tister planeti are the
I ashes of red giant atari which
died violently billions of yeara
ago.
The lun, also born of the
dust of dead red giants, will
become a red giant itself in
T another 10 billion years, and
nit, too, will some day contri
bute its substance to the cre
mation of new stellar systems.
.. This picture of continuous
birth and death of stars was
presented In a symposium at
the annual meeting here this
week of the National Acad
emy of Sciences.
A key, paper, read at the
symposium was written by Dr.
William A. Fowler of the Cal
ifornia Institute of Technol
ogy on "neutron reactions In
red giants and super novae."
Dr. Hans A. Bethe of Cornell,
who briefed newsmen on. it,
call the theory developed by
Fowler "a tremendous
achievement" In theoretical
;physics.
' Bethe said it provided a
scientifically satisfying ex
planation of how the various
chemical elements were cre
ated out of hydrogen, the pri
mordeal building material of
the universe.
When stars reach the stage
In their lives when they be
come red giants, they have
'only about 100 million years
' of life left. From birth to
death stars manufacture
chemical elements by means
of nuclear processes.
First they put nuclei of
hydrogen together to form
helium. Then as their insides
grow hotter, they form heav
, ier elements by using helium
" nuclei as building blocks,
stops at iron, number 26 in
stops at iron, unmber 26 in
the table of elements. But
there comes a time In the
hearts of red giants when the
temperature reaches some
, ting on the order of five mil
' lion degrees. Then iron is
broken down into helium nu
clei and nuetrons, subnucle&r
particles carrying no electri
cal charge.
Iron and other elements In
the cooler parts of the star
; capture neutrons in successive
' steps and build up Into ever
. heavier elements. This pro
cess may be slow, taking on
' the order of 100,000 years, or
fast, lasting no mora than a
.. minute.
In the slow process the red
y v nr.
i i if V'tii i't'-e a.eta. t fo, .. , a t
I I I SCSl e C 58 a - I ; (MM
MINNEAPOLIS CLEANED UP Where
staggering drunks once littered the side
walks with cigar butts and empty bottles,
a new atmosphere is being created in Min
neapolis' Lower Loop. Skyscrapers and
massive civic buildings are replacing the
dingy bars and cheap rooms that made the
lower end of the business district a hangout
for transients and a breeding place for
crime. This aerial view shows the tallest
structure in the city, the First National
Bank, which is nearing completion. At left
is the Rand Tower, and at right is the Tele
phone building. (UPI Telephoto)
giant is constantly losing mat
ter to space in a fashion sim
ilar to the sun's emission of
hydrogen gas but on a larger
scale.
.The fast process, which
complements the slower one,
occurs when stars collapse
and explode, becoming super
nova is equivalent in energy
release to the explosion of a
number of H-bombs which can
only be expressed by the digit
one followed by 30 zeroes.
Scientists estimate that a sup
ernova explosion occurs once
every 400 or SOO years in
every galaxy.
A red giant may be as big
as the entire solar system and
weigh three or four times as
much as the sun. In a matter
of minutes, when its time has
come, it can collapse to a frac
tion of its size.
In the resulting explosion
most of Its matter, including
the heavy elements it has
made as well as leftover hy
drogen and helium, is distri
buted through the galaxy.
It is out of the debris of
red giants, whether given off
slowly or explosively, that
new stars are formed and ex-
sitlng stars fed. Existing
heavy elements above iron on
earth, where the list ends with
uranium, the 92nd element
proves the planet's matter
came from ancient stars which
gave up the ghost billions of
years ago.
In another 10 billion years,
according to the theory, the
sun will be going into its red
giant phase. Earth s oceans
will evaporate. In another
hundred thousand years or so
earth and the other planets
and most of . the sun will be
resolved again into the stuff
of stars yet to be born.
Democrats Outnumber
GOP in Klamath
Klamath Falls OIPD Demo
crats outnumbered Republi
cans by more than 3,000 in
final registration figures for
Klamath county, according to
County Clerk Charley De
Lap. ,
The figures were 11.327
Democrats, 8.006 Republicans
and 239 miscellaneous, for a
total registration before the
May 20 primary election of
19,638.
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4-H NEWS
Jacksonville 4-H Club
The Jacksonville 4-H Live
stock club met recently at the
home of the president, Dick
Wilson.
Bob Glather gave a demon
stration of a calf feeder which
he had designed and built. It
was then auctioned off.
The meeting, which had
been planned for Sunday
morning, May 8, has been can
celled. The Beef club has been
Invited by the Antelope club
to attend a meeting Saturday,
May 7, to learn how to fit
calves.
At the close of the meeting
we had recreation, then re
freshments were served by
Mrs. Glenn Logan.
Donna Smith, ,
Reporter.
Needle Crafts Girls
Mrs. Huffman taught the
Eagle Point Needle . Crafts
Girls club Friday, April 22.
We worked on our scarfs. Mrs.
Haffery will teach the group
next Fiday.
Mary Katheryn Sinders,
Reporter.
Skyscrapers Taking Place of
Dingy Hangouts in Minneapolis
Merry Mixers
The April meeting of the
Merry Mixers was at Dianna
Davisa home. After tne meet
ing we made muffins. Re
freshments were served by
Mrs. Davis.
The next meeting of the
Merry Mixers will be at Su
san Comutt's home May 6.
Elin Livingston,
Reporter.
Beef Club
The regular meeting of the
Central Point Beef club was
held Monday, April 10, at the
home of Carolyn Sidener.
Mr. Lemley from the Farm
Bureau Insurance company
talked to ua about insurance
for our beef animals. Nikki
Hammond showed some of
the younger members how to
make a halter.
Refreshments were given
by Jill and Jack Peek.
Carolyin Sidener,
Reporter.
Minneapolis fUPD Where
staggering drunks once lit
tered the sidewalk! with cigar
butts and empty bottles, a
new atmosphere is being cre
ated in Minneapolis' Lower
Loop.
Skyscrapers and massive
civic buildings are replacing
the dingy bars and cheap
rooms that made the lower
end of the business district a
hangout for transients and a
breeding place for crime.
The old Bridge Square dis
trict is where Minneapolis be
gan. But until a few months
ago it was the decaying heart
of Minnesota's largest city.
Now the shabby buildings
are coming down. In their
place are rising structures
like the new S8 million public
library and a $8 million fed
eral courts building.
For the first time in more
than a century, land in the
Lower Loop is up for public
sale. Most of its present own
ers won't be back. The pawn
shops and used clothing out
lets, the bars and the flop
houses - if they reopen at all
- will have to set up shop in
a new location.
Change Accomplished
And the money pouring
into the Lower Loop is ac
complishing a change even
more dramatic than that
which saw an enterprising
Daffy Dills
The Daffy Dills visited the
Hanley ranch Saturday, re
cently and Miss Claire Han
ley showed us around. We
liked the magnolias, trilliums,
daphnes, primroses and cle
matis, and the springhouse
and the 100 year old trees.
We saw the greenhouse in
which orchids, carnations, ger
aniums and a lemon tree were
growing. Before the trip to
Hanley land, we went to the
Crater Flower Show where
Elaine, Pattl, Cheryl and
James had entries.
James Anhorn,
Reporter.
Central Point Forestry Club
Members of the Central
Point Forestry 4-H club met
at the home of Mrs. Skyr-
man In Central Point Sunday.
Members went on a field trip
to the forest. A contest was
held to see who could exhibit
the most tree specimens.
We collected specimens for
our press hooks. Everyone
brought his own lunch.
Pat Burcha,
Reporter
Table Rock 8tltchtrt
Members of the Table Rock
Stitchers 4-H club held an
Easter party for younger
brothers and sisters. The par
ty was held at the home of
Mrs. Frank Myers, Saturday,
April 16.
Games uere played and
there was an Easter Peg hunt.
The next meeting will be held
at the home of Mrs. Frank
Myers May 7.
Marjory Bonney,
Reporter
POISON FACTOR
Albuquerque, N.M. - The
black widow spider's venom
it six times as deadly as the
cobra snake's and 15 times
more deadly than the rattle
snake.
Grange Notes
Jackson County Grange
The April meeting of rep
resentatives of the Jackson
County Grange Festival was
held recently at Griffin Creek
with the Griffin Creek Grang
ers as hosts. All but two coun
ty Granges were represented.
Reports from chairman on
music, grounds, contests,
games, . tableaus and corres
pondence were given. Enter
tainment is planned by the
music committee headed by
Mrs. James Edge and the Bob
Bitterlings; Mrs. Dee Hend
rickson, tableau chairman,
said she will be aided by the
State-Grange Chaplain with
her tableaus; C. C. Moore-
house reported the Elks Picnic
grounds as ample, and sug
gested those wishing seating
conveniences take folding
chairs or other equipment,
and table service.
The game committee, with
Alva Walker chairman, Is lin
ing up games and will accept
suggestions. Of Interest will
be a old fiddlers contest, con
testants should consult the
games committee.
Victor Croxton, state
Grange lecturer, and chair
man of the affair, was asked
to invite Josephine County
Grangers and their friends.
Dee Hendrickson reported the
tickets for the barbecue were
out and distributed among
Granges. The age limit for
children was decided upon as
3 to 13 years inclusive.
Judges chosen for the skit
contests will be selected im
partially from outside county
members present.
The next meeting will be
at Gold Hill May 9. Ladies
bring sandwiches.
Gold Hill
Gold Hill Grange held a
candidates night April 14 so
that members would know the
candidates better and so "can
didates could know each oth
er better." Coffee and cookies
were served.
Two Grange candidates
from Gold Hill, Betty Ladd
and Frank Mapes, were taken
to Roxy Ann Grange April IS
to receive their third and
fourth degrees. Attending
from Gold Hill were Alva
Walker, master: Icie Walker,
lecturer; Mr. and Mrs. Wilber
Martin. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph
Knipper and Ruby Quaken
bujii. At the regular meeting
April 21 Victor Croxton, state
lecturer, and Mrs. Croxton
visited, and Croxton spoke
concernins Grange principles.
Veril Ladd received the first
and second degrees.
Committee reports indicated
beef prices are expected to be
down soon, hoes are up. hay
and grain are about the same.
Weather reportedly has done
a large amount of damage to
the fruit crop.
Willard Taylor of the youth
committee reported dial he at
tended a youth meeting as
Grange representative Anoth
er youth meeting Is scheduled
for April 23 at Hanhy school
and anyone interested will be
welcome.
Blanch Mrrriman and Lucy
Edington will be chairman of
the next serving committee
for the Lions club.
The Gold Hill Grange will
visit Eagle Point Grange May
2. Members wishing to attend
are to call Master Walker for
transportation arrangements.
man named John Stevens
create this city out of nothing
in 1849.
Stevens picked out a 160
acre plot on the west bank of
the Mississippi, laid out
streets that still remain, and
he had what was to become
Minneapolis.
When the railroads moved
in, Minneapolis became a
center for flour milling and
retail trade. But that has
changed too. Much of recent
department store expansion
has been concentrated in out
lying areas - such as South
dale, a 167-acre, multi-million
dollar suburban center.-
While names like Pillsbury
and General Mills remain, the
city has lost it milling lead
ership. Instead it now boasts
of a rapidly-expanding elec
tronics industry and produc
tion for the space age. Firms
here turn 'out every thing
from the world's largest bal
loons, used in forays high into
the atmosphere, to a cabin
simulating conditions in outer
space, in order to prepare
man for what lies beyond.
A total of $69 million is
scheduled to go into down
town buildings this year. And
a good share of it will be
spent in the Lower Loop.
Hotel Planned
Construction will begin in
1961 on an $8 million hotel,
likely to be the showplace
of the area. A state employ
ment building has already
been completed, as has a $2
million Public Health Center.
The gleaming new build
ings are far different from
those they replaced. A City
Planning Commission survey
estimated that 77 per cent of
the old buildings were built
before 1895; 70 per cent had
no major repair since 1920;
88 per cent were not fire
proof. About one-quarter of the
land in the project has been
acquired by the Housing and
Redevelopment Authority; the
rest is under condemnation.
It is not only in the Lower
Loop that new buildings are
going up. A few blocks away,
the First National Bank
Building, just finished at a
cost of $15 million rises 28
floors from the street. .
The Radisson Hotel has a
$4 million expansion program
underway. In the planning
stage is a $20 million down
town office "package," which
includes an 80-foot glass and
plastic dome over one street
intersection.
Cramped in its location east
of the Mississippi, the Uni
versity of Minnesota is put
ting $100 million into west
bank expansion.
Another $42 million is be
ing spent at Wold-Chamberlain
airport.
One of the Largest
In the residential section,
the Glenwood Redevelopment
Project is almost finished. It
has 180 acres and is one of
the largest in the country.
Last year, Minneapolis
Mayor P. Kenneth Peterson
won re-election after cam
paigning with the theme
"Minneapolis on the move."
Upward and outward, the city
is livi .f, - and growing -proof
ti those words.
United States
Regains Prestige
In Space Effort
Washington -WPD- George
V. Allen, head of the U.S. In
formation Agency, says the
United States has regained a
great deal of world prestige
through Its recent space suc
cesses. Allen told the House space
committee three months ago
that Russia had gained in
world opinion because of its
space work but in this latest
statement he said it is "quite
a different story" today.
"That doesn't mean to say
that Russia doesn't still hold
a lot of prestige," he said, "but
people are coming to realize
more and more, for example,
that the only earth satellites
that are revolving around the
earth today are American."
Allen said there are five
6.
MAIL TRIBUNt, M.dtore, Or.
Thursday, April 21, lftO
U.S. Satellites in space now,
one of them 6 million miles
away and still . broadcasting
back to earth.
He made the remarks in an
interview with Rep. Harold
C. Ostertag iR.N.Y.), on a pro
gram filed for New York Tele
vision stations.
Ostertag asked Allen what
his agency was doing "to meet
the rapidly changing condi
tions In Africa."
"Well," Allen replied. "I'm
sorry to admit that we're not
meeting It, because they are
so demanding. There are so
many of them, we just don't
have the personnel and the
money."
He also reported that hii
recent tKp to the Far East
showed the attitude toward
the United States has im
proved over a year ago.
Washington - IUPD - Scien
tists said Wednesday that as
tronauts who escape the
earth's radiation belts will run
into similar ones if they try to
land on Mars or Venus.
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