i r i - v i i
2 MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or. A Sunday, March 20, 1960
Cuba Presents Washington.
emisphere
With
li ea'dache
w ' '
1 1 if r&mi, 4 , . " 1 'fc 1 ir'
RELEASE BRINGS TEARS Carole Tregoff, 23, breaks into
tears in Los Angeles as she learns she is to be released on
$25,000 bail. Superior Judge John G. Barnes ordered her
co-defendant, Dr. Bernard Finch, held in jail until their new
trial on May 23 for the slaying of the surgeon's wife.
(UPI Telephoto)
18 Adult Education
Classes Scheduled
During Spring Term
Eighteen adult education
courses, including four college
extension courses, are being
offered in the spring term
schedule sponsored by the
Medford school system, Lind
sey Vinsel, director of adult
education, has announced.
The courses will begin the
last week of March and regis
tration will take place at the
first meeting of the class.
Classes with insufficient en
rollment will be cancelled.
Courses being offered, list
ing the course, day, time,
place, room number, and in
structor, include:
Fundamentals of mathemat
ics, Tuesdays, 7 to 10 pjn.,
Medford High school, room
13, Marvin Trautman; funda
mentals of physics, Thurs
days, 7 to 10 p.m., Medford
High, room 19, Floyd Pawlow
ski; business letter writing,
Tuesdays, 7 to 9:30 p.m.f Med
ford High, room 220, Mrs.
Barbara Tomlinson; begin
ning typing, Wednesday's, 7 to
9:30 p.m., Medford High,
room 225, Mrs. Marjorie Ten
ney; business machines, Mon
days, 7 to 9:30 pjn., Medford
High, room 226, Miss Gertr
ri&le Fredrickson; intermedi
ate Spanish, Thursdays, 7 to
9:30 p.m., Medford High,
room 219, Carl Bergman.
Hobby Courses
Jewelry, Mondays, 7 to 9:30
p.m. (eight-week course), Mc
Loughlin Junior High, room 7,
Mrs. Helen Gebhard; oil paint
ing. Thursdays, 7 to 9:30 p.m.,
McLoughlin, room 7, Jack
Teeters; basic mosaic, Thurs
days, 7:30 to 9:30 p.m., Med
ford High, room 223, Mrs.
Audrey Sims; art apprecia
tion, Tuesdays, 7:30 to 9:30
p.m., five-week course, Med
ford High, room 224, Warren
Wolf.
Knitting, Wednesdays, 7 to
10 p.m., Medford High, room
207, Mrs. June Milestone;
Bishop clothing I, Thursdays,
7 to 10 p.m., Medford High,
room 207, Mrs. Jean Hood;
cake decorating, Mondays, 7
to 10 p.m., Medford High,
roogi 17, Mrs. Barbara Vinsel;
cake decorating, Thursday, 7
to 10 a.m., Medford High,
room 17, Mrs. Barbara Vin
sel; upholstery, Mondays and
Thursdays, 7 to 10 p.m., (five-
week course) 917 West Mc
Andrews rd., Medford, Heinz
Bertram.
College extension courses
include diagnostic and reme-
Gunmen Hold Bar
Patrons Hostage
Watson ville -(LTD- Two gun
men held six persons hostage
in a bar early Saturday be
fore being captured in a police
tear gas attack. One woman
bar patron was raped during
the two-hour reign of terror.
William Gunter, 27, and
John Avritt, 23, surrendered
to squads of officers after a
tear gas bomb was tossed
through the window of the
Towne club and bartender
Henry Dini, 57, warned them
they would be killed if they
did not' give up.
dial instruction in reading,
Thursdays, 7 to 9:45 p.m.,
Medford High, room 209, Mrs.
Barbara Westra; education of
the exceptional child, Mon
days, 7 to 9:45 p.m., Medford
High, room 209, Floyd Horo
witz; social control, Thurs
days, 7 to 9:45 p.m., Medford
High, room 239, Dr. Fred
Trost; and workshop: Prob
lems in school administration,
Wednesdays, 7 to 9:45 p.m.,
Medford High, room 201-B,
Dr. Deith Goldhammer.
Courses are scheduled for
10 weeks unless otherwise
noted. Additional information
may be obtained from the
adult education office at Med
ford High school, SPring
3-5341.
New Pension Law
Explained for Vets
Retirement payments re
ceived by veterans under the
Railroad Retirement Act will
be counted as income under
the new pension law effective
July 1, S. T. Brannock, con
tact representative, VA Domi
ciliary, Camp White, said Sat
urday. Under the present pension
law, railroad retirement pay
ments do not count as income.
This will remain true for
those veterans who stay un
der the present law, which
they are allowed to do even
after July 1, Brannock said.
Those veterans, however,
who choose to come under
the new law must count all
of their railroad retirement
payments as income.
The present law requires
that a single veteran's income
must not exceed $1,400 while
a veteran with dependents
may have an annual income
of $2,700 and still be eligible
for pension payments, Bran
nock pointed out.
Under the new pension law,
a single veteran's, income lim
it is increased to $1,800 and a
veteran 'with dependents may
have an income up to $3,000,
although amounts payable de
pend upon level of income
under these limits.
Additional information on
the new pension law may be
obtained at the contact office,
VA Domiciliary, Camp White.
Tim
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THE REXALL STORE We Give S&H Green Stamps
135 West Main, Corner Grape Ph. SP 2-2230
Great Decisions
Topic Reviews
Policies to South
(Editor's not: This is an
other in the series of arti
cles in which Great Deci
sions . . . 1960 topics are
discussed. Today's article is
on the subject: "Cuba and
Latin America: What Makes
Good Neighbors?" Material
is furnished through the
Foreign Policy association.
Inc., New York City.)
President Eisenhower's phe
nomenally warm reception by
the peoples of four South
American republics was
marred by only minor inci
dents left-wing and right
wing demonstrations involv
ing handf uls of students or po
litical dissidents.
Closer to U.S. shores, how
ever, Cuba continued to pre
sent Washington with its num
ber one hemisphere headache.
Yet, experts say, the same
problems which plague this
country's relation with Cuba
are also fundamental to U.S.
relations with the rest of
Latin America Why the paradox-cheers
for the U.S. Presi
dent in South America and a
steady barrage of provocation
and insult directed to this
country from Fidel Castro's
Cuba?
Hemisphere Problems
Essentially two kinds of
problems - economic and po
litical - are fundamental to
U.S. relations with all of
Latin America.
The economic problems
were summarized by Presi
dent Eisenhower on his return
early this month from his
South American goodwill
tour. He pointed out that
most Latin American coun
tries depend for their eco
nomic well-being on exports
of one or a few primary products-coffee,
sugar, bananas,
oil, and minerals. World mar
ket prices for these products
have been fluctuating wildly
in recent years, with harmful
effects on the dollar earnings
of these countries.
Meanwhile, the imports,
these countries need-machinery
and other manufactured
goods-have been rising stead
ily in cost. :
Massive Frustration -
These two factors, plus
rapid birth rates and a hemisphere-wide
demand for eco
nomic development, lead to
massive economic frustration.
The United States, in turn,
gets a large share of the
blame simply because this
country is Latin America's
biggest customer for primary
products, and its biggest sup
plier for manufactured goods.
Cuba, for example, sells
over 60 per cent of its export
ed sugar to this country. Latin
America as a whole bought
26 per cent of all U.S. com
mercial exports in 1958-sec-ond
only to Western Europe
as a U.S. customer.
Latin American and US.
leaders are generally agreed
that this country has a major
responsibility to help resolve
these problems-to help stabil
ize, world market prices for
primary exports, and to stim
ulate public and private in
vestment in hemisphere-wide
economic development.
One important phase of this
development, for example, is
to promote diversification of
Latin American economies, to
overcome dependence on one
or two primary exports.
Principal Disagreements
The principal disagree
ments between Washington
Shoe Shine 'Boy'
Held in Shooting
Portland - (DPD - A 42-year-old
shoe shine boy was arrest
ed Friday night in connection
with a shooting on a down
town street.
Arrested was Charlie Burns.
Wounded was Charles Kaiser,
48. Burns was charged with
assault with a deadly weapon.
EASTER TIME!
for ...
& BASKETS!
and the capitals of the Latin
American countries is how
much the U.S. can be expect
ed to io in these areas.
The President pointed out,
for instance, that the U.S. has
already taken the lead in in'
ternational studies on the sta
bilization of prices for raw
materials, and that extensive
U.S. and international machin
ery already exists for develop
ment loans. Earlier, U.S. Un
dersecretary of State Doug
las Dillon reminded Latin
American leaders that U. S.
public loans to that region
have amounted to more than
$3,500,000,000 in the past 10
years. U.S. private invest
ments in Latin America, in
this same period, totaled over
$9,000,000,000.
Private U.S. investments in
the region have been credited
with doubling Latin Ameri
ca's growth rate over the past
10 years.
Finally, the President prom
ised, the United States is will
ing to consider financing ad
ditional, important develop
ment projects which, for one
reason or another, cannot be
financed through existing
loan machinery.
Significant Job
Washington, in other words,
believes it is already doing a
significant job of helping re
solve hemispheric economic
problems, Latin American
leaders, on the other hand,
feel that not enough is being
done fast enough. They agree
that economic growth is tak
ing place throughout the re
gion, but not rapidly enough,
in some cases, to keep pace
with population growth. Fur
thermore, the growth is spot
ty and frequently lopsided
benefiting only one indus
try, class of people or region.
- The gravest; danger, say
many Latin American leaders,
is that slow and spotty eco
nomic growth will only aggra
vate political discontent. In
their economic frustration,
Latin American peoples may
turn in desperation to dicta
torships of the right or left,
as they have in the past.
Cuba, they say, is an exam
ple of what can happen politi
cally if not enough happens
economically.
Hemispheric Problems
Hemispheric political prob
lems, however, are not entire
ly based on economic ques
tions, authorities say. Some of
the political problems are his
torical in origin stemming
from feudal and militaristic
traditions in Latin American
countries.
The pattern of dictatorship
and revolution, characteristic
of past Latin American his
tory, has of course been fre
quently linked with economic
discontent and low.- levels of
education and living stand
ards. But past U.S. economic
policies cannot fairly be call
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ed the chief cause, historians
say.
The US. is still blamed,
nonetheless, for- its past
friendliness to Latin Ameri
can dictators and for insuf
ficient interest in the ecor
nomic and social problems
and needs of Latin American
peoples.
Against Intervention
Current U.S. policy is firm
ly against intervention. Latin
American memories are long,
however, and the fear of U.S.
intervention-in Cuba, for example-is
still a live issue.
Meanwhile, a wholly new
political dimension has arisen
in hemisphere relations the
growing influence of commu
nism. This issue is particularly
strong in Cuba, where (many
experts believe) communism
has made its most dangerous
inroads. There are known
Communists high in the Cas
tro government, and some as
pects of Castro's economic
"reform" program smack of
socialization and collectiviza
tion. Furthermore, Cuba is
courting embarrassingly close
economic relations with the
communist bloc.
In recent weeks, following
the visit to Cuba of Soviet
Deputy Premier Anastas I.
Mikoyan, Castro negotiated a
five-year 5,000,000-ton sugar
deal with the Soviet Union
and is said to be negotiating
for a number of MIG-17 jet
fighters from Czechoslovakia.
Other communist bloc trade
aid deals may be in the offing.
Make Steady Progress
Elsewhere in Latin Amer
ica the Soviet bloc is making
slow but steady progress in
the trade area, and local Com
munist nroDaeandists lose no
opportunity to intensify U.S.-
Latin American misunder
standings. Castro, for exam
Die, has become a left-wing
hero throughout Latin Amer
ica. Several of the demonstra
tions President Eisenhower
encountered on his tour were
pro-Castro In nature.
Thus. Washington's main po
litical problem with its Latin
American neighbors seems to
boil down to this issue: how
can this country help to
strengthen both economic
progress and political freedom
in Latin America without
seemine to interfere or inter
vene in matters which are
properly the internal affairs
of the various Latin American
republics?
It is a particularly hard
question to answer in dealing
with Cuba, experts agree. If,
for example, the Communists
were openly to take over in
Cuba-or if the Soviet Union
sained a military base in
Cuba-Washington would face
a dilemma, not of hemispheric
relations, but of U.S. security
in a global cold war context.
In the face of such extreme
possibility, the issue would no
for old sol
ALUMINUM AWNINGS
YOUR AWNING NEEDS
SP 2-4472
I m . . m ei.iiiitiii fl
longer be one of fostering bet
ter "good neighbor" relations.
It would be a matter of safe
guarding the entire hemis
phere "neighborhood" from
alien intervention - a corner
stone of U.S. policy since the
Monroe Doctrine.
The Hard Issues
The immediate issues for
U.S. policy toward Latin
America are both economic
and political.
The fundamental economic
question is whether the Unit
ed States can or should take
a greater hand in speeding
Latin American economic de
velopment not for "good
neighbor" reasons alone, but
also to insure that the West
ern hemisphere will develop
in economic and political free
dom. The alternative-wheth-er
tyranny of the left or right
-can well threaten U.S. secu
rity and survival.
The important economic
jobs to be done, experts say,
are (a) increased investment J
in basic growth-power, trans
portation, surveys of natural
resources; harbors, schools
and other areas and (b) expan
sion and diversification of
import-export trade, at more
stable prices. Both jobs call
for varying degrees of public
and private effort.
Fundamental Question
The fundamental political
question is, in President Eis
enhower's terms, how to work
in trust and partnership with
20 Latin American govern
ments, for our mutual welfare'
and security, without raising
the bugaboos of intervention
ism or "Yankee imperialism."
So far, in its relation with
Castro, . Washington has fol
lowed a policy of considera
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117 S. CENTRAL
ble restraint. Washington has
urged Cuba to make fair and
prompt payment for land ex
propriated from U.S. owners,
and has generally been firm
but patient in the face of Cas
tro's tirades and accusations
against this country.
There is mounting pres
sure, however, for U.S. eco
nomic retaliation against
Cuba. Cuban sugar sales in
this country, for example, are
guaranteed 37 per cent of the
U.S. market. But this legisla
tion is now up for renewal in
the U.S. Congress. The ques
tion is whether any modifica
tion of this quota would be
interpreted as an up - to - date
form of U.S "intervention."
Hemisphere 'Cooperation'
At present it is U.S. policy
to handle both the economic
and the political problems on
the basis of hemisphere "coop
eration." In his post-tour re
port to the U.S. people the
President underscored this
policy. Hemisphere economic
development, he said, must
be based on a partnership ef
fort. Similarly, aggression or
subversion anywhere in the
hemisphere would have to be
met by "collective" action of
the Organization of American
States.
Perhaps the most signifi
cant development in U.S. pol
icy is' what might be called an
"Eisenhower corollary" to the
Monroe Doctrine. The Presi
dent said: "We would consid
er it intervention in the inter
nal affairs of an American
state if any power, whether
by invasion, coercion, or sub
version, succeeded in denying
freedom of choice to the peo
ple of any of our sister repub
lics." The warning apparent
iTTtEl
lirt
SP 3-7301
ly was directed to both Cuba
and the Soviet Union.
The debate continues, how
ever, whether restraint and
(MM)
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OPEN MONDAY TIL 9
an updated Monroe Doctrine
are bold enough U.S. steps to
deal with the hard issues of
hemisphere relations.
by BILL ROAM E R
- STOCKTON, CALiF.
cot
"'of-"
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