American tpopuBariiy on Dndia Found
To IBe Almost U noversaD Situation
r Editor' note: The future of the
world, say many, lies in Asia. But,
in the opinion of Austin V. Wood,
vice president and general mana
ger of the Ogden Newspapers of
West Virginia, this is, at least tor
now. a falacy. Wood returned re
cently from a lengthy tour of the
Far East. This is the first of three
dispatches in which he tells what
lie found.
By AUSTIN V. WOOD
Vice President and General
Manager
Of the Ogden Newspaper
(Distributed by UPI)
I was in India when the Ei
senhower visit was announced.
For an entire week the front
pages of the various news
papers carried little else. The
picture has changed tremen
dously in India since the Chi
nese encroachment and bor
der warfare. American popu
larity is almost universal.
Russian and Chinese commu
nism is at an all time low. I
have no doubt that President
Eisenhower was welcomed to
New Delhi by crowds estimat
ed between one and two mil
lion. I have equally little
doubt that this means nothing
insofar as the interests of the
United States are concerned.
I was in the Orient for nine
weeks. Certainly that is not
sufficient time to constitute
me a Far East expert. At the
same time, with proper pre
paration beforehand, and with
proper sources of investiga
tion available, a pretty accu
rate fundamental knowledge
may be gained in a short
time.
Many Hours Spent
-I spent many hours with
many people: Japanese, Chi
nese and Indian newspaper
publishers and political writ
ers; French, British and Amer
ican foreign correspondents
representing the various wire
services and metropolitan
newspapers; business men,
porters, waiters and taxi-drivers.
I went to the Far East con
vinced that there lay the fu
ture of the world. I returned
with the conviction that I was
mistaken insofar as the next
several generations are con
cerned. No one who has not visited
India can have the slightest
conception of conditions there.
Filth, disease, ignorance and
lethargy are unbelievable. It
is the lethargy that makes the
problem hopeless. By and
large, the Indians are satis
fied. They seek no change,
and have no conception of im
proved living standards. The
rich and educated Indians
have no wish to be controlled
eventually by the masses. The
masses want no part of any
change that would involve ef
fort. Religion Influence
The most important single
influence in India is religion.
The caste system has been le
gally abolished but persists
unabated. Station in life is
determined by birth rather
than by ability or accomplish
ment. Because of this, little
progress has been made, or
will be made in mass educa
tion. The Indian government
claims that 10 per cent of the
people are literate. This is a
shocking figure, but it be-
There is no
Your choice of 7 Crown is re
spected, welcomed and enjoyed
-wherever it is served. For
this acceptance there is no
equal, for this whiskey there
is no substitute.
.
s?U Br V. 1 t -h- z
iSr f $r v.. 5
cy U Jr - vv , 7 s ,
comes even more astounding
when it is considered that
ability to sign one's name is
considered literacy. If the
test is to read and write, the
percentage falls below 1 per
cent.- "
Starry-eyed do-gooders oc
casionally visit India, but as
sociate only with the govern
ing group and come home to
enthusastically report much
progress in health, education
and social advancement. Men
who have lived in, and made
a study of the Orient for many
years, are unanimously of the
opinion that the situation is
hopeless within the foresee
able future. With this many
educated Indians agree.
Little Progress
It is true that some little
progress has been made in
some of the vast centers of
population. It is claimed that
life expectancy has been
Tax-Deferral Bill Runs Counter
To Objectives of Committee
Washington - To stimulate
the flow of private investment
funds abroad, the House Ways
and Means Committee Feb. 9
approved a handsome tax-de
ferral bill, HR 5..
The only trouble with HR
5 is that it runs directly coun
ter to what the committee
has said should be the objec
tives of general tax revision.
These include a broader tax
base, greater equity and min
imum interference in the in
vestment -process. All three
goals are out of tune with the
preferential treatment recom
mended in HR 5.
This is only the latest ex
ample of what has come to be
known as "erosion of the tax
base." On occasions Congress
has fought back, as in 1959
when a new and tougher
formula for taxing life in
surance companies was enact
ed. More often, however, the
legislators have heeded plans
for "equity" by extending to
some taxpayers benefits al
ready enjoyed by others.
Thus the House in 1959 also
passed a bill (HR 10) permit
ting self-employed persons to
defer payment of tax income
set aside for retirement pur
poses, on the plea that they
should be on an equal footing
with employed persons cov
ered by pension plans. The
Treasury opposed the measure
(its cost: $365 million a year),
and there is some doubt that
it will pass the Senate, But it
highlights the pattern of tax
erosion.
This is why many observers
on Capitol Hill and elsewhere
doubt that much will come of
the Ways and Means Commit
tee's current effort to rewrite
the 600-page Internal Reve
nue Code in such a way that
income tax rates can be re
duced without sacrificing any
revenue.
What's Wrong?
No one has much to say for
the present rate structure,
substitute for being SURE
V7 214
X 4
IUJIDE0 WHIStfY. M PgOOf. 6555 61111 IEJTRAL
raised from 21 to 34 years. At
the same time it must be real
ized that 70 per cent of the
Indians live in villages, and,
as pointed out to me by an
Indian doctor of philosophy,
there are more than 70 mil
lion tribesmen who are almost
totally uncivilized, who still
periodically engage in cani
balism and who offer up hu
man sacrifices to their'gods.
Under such conditions any
additional grants and loans
which may be the result of
Eisenhower's visit will, in my
estimation, be money com
pletely wasted. This would be
true were we guaranteed that
our contributions would be
devoted to their intended goal.
Governmental .corruption, in
India is rampant. It is esti
mated that at least 60 per cent
of all foreign aid sticks to
the fingers of the politicians
whose hands it passes.
I which runs up to 91 per cent
on personal incomes and takes
52 per cent of most corporate
income. But any chance of
reducing the rates without
cutting Federal revenues (of
which 80 per cent are derived
from income taxes) will in
volve taxing income that is
not now taxed. That means
broadening the tax base.
What is the base and how
broad should it be? For indi
viduals, taxable income in
1959 amounted to about $150
billion. Total personal in
come, however, was $350 bil
lion. In short, less than one
half of what economists de
fine as personal income was
subject to tax.
Much of the tax-free $200
billion, it is generally agreed,
didn't belong in the tax base
under any definition. Largest
such item was $77 billion in
personal exemptions-the $600
allowance for each taxpayer
and deoendent. From there
on, however, there is anything
but agreement on what can
and should be added to the
base.
Disinterested tax experts
feel that most deductions
(worth $36 billion in 1957)
shouldn't be allowed Another
favorite candidate for repeal
is income-splitting, which dis
criminates against single per
sons. Other items, now ex
cluded but proposed for in
clusion in taxable income, are
social security benefits, the
imputed rental income of
owner-occupied homes, in
terest on tax-exempt state and
municipal bonds, and the un
taxed half of net capital
gains.
All told, say some experts,
these and other changes
would have added more than
$50 billion to the 1957 tax
base and permitted a one
third reduction in rates with
out loss of revenue. Each of
the suggested changes, how
ever, faces the implacable op-
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SEAGRAM'S
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It is said that there has
been an investment of more
than $200 million in India by
American industry during the
past two years. Indian laws
are very liberal when it com
es to turning profits into dol
lars and reducing those dol
lars to possession. The catch
is that there is so little buy
ing power among the Indians
that markets are difficult. I
discussed this problem with
several American business
men and in their opinion the
only hope is to create buying
power through employment
of the Indians. It would seem
to be the old problem of
which comes first, the hen or
the egg. It also would seem
that with such an unpredict
able government there would
be danger of governmental
seizure if the business should
prove profitable.
(Next: The real India.)
position of those groups ben
efitting from the preferential
provisions.
Whose Burden?
The practical difficulty of
really reforming the federal
tax structure is that most of
the revisions would result in
shifting some of the tax bur
den from one income group to
another. Those who feel dis
criminated against would pre
fer, in many cases, to take
their chance on getting special
tax relief rather than risk the
consequences of coming out
on the short end of a thor
oughgoing revision of the
Code.
It was for such reasons that
Walter J. Blum of the Univer
sity of Chicago told the Ways
and Means Committee last
fall that "I always feel safe in
predicting that next year the
tax code will offer more spe
cial havens than last year -and
I renew my prediction
now." With the approval of
HR 5, that prediction is ap
parently on course.
(Copyright 1960, Congres
sional Quarterly Inc.)
Touch of Hawaii
Comes to City;
Promote Airlines
A little bit of Hawaii came
to Medford Monday, complete
with a hula dancer, ukulele
players, leis and artifical
palm trees.
The visitors stopped at the
Jackson hotel where they en
tertained some 76 persons at
tending the Medford Cham
ber of Commerce roundtable
luncheon, with a half-hour of
hula dances and Hawaiian
folk songs.
The entertainment is part
of a promotion campaign be
ing put on by West Coast Air
lines in conjunction with Pan
American World Airways and
the Aloha Airlines of Hawaii
to advertise the fact that Med
ford is only six hours away
from the islands by air.
None of the three enter
tainers, two ukulele players
and a hula dancer, are pro
fessionals, and all are em
ployees of the Aloha Airlines
in Hawaii.
Gives Short Talk
L. W. (Rusty) Rostad, dis
trict sales manager In Port
land for the West Coast Air
lines, preceded the act with
a short talk in which he point
ed out that Medford travelers
can board the West Coast F-27
prop - jet in Medford, fly to
either Portland or San Fran
cisco and then to Hawaii via
Pan American's Boeing 707;
the total trip taking about
six hours.
Rostad added that once in
Hawaii, travelers can take ad
vantage of Aloha Airlines
F-27 prop-jets, which fly be
tween the numerous islands.
Joan Kehaulani Gandall,
hula dancer and stewardess
for Aloha, thanked both Don
McNeil, manager of the Med
ford Chamber of Commerce
and Dr. Ken Baker, round
table chairman for their ef
forts in bringing the group to
Medford in typical Hawaiian
fashion with a lei and a kiss.
The group landed at the
airport at 10:50 a.m. yester
day and were met by City
of Medford and Jackson coun
ty representatives. Following
their appearance at the round
table they - visited several
local businesses and schools.
HONOR MASARYK
Washington -flP- The Post
Office issued anew stamp
Monday honoring Thomas G.
Masaryk, founder of the
Czech republic after World
War I, as a "champion of lib
erty." The stamp was issued in
four and eight-cent denomina
tions. TERRITORY DATE
New Mexico became a U.S.
territory in 1846.
MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford', Or!
Tuesday, March 8, 1 960
Trees . . .
By JOHN GRIBBLE
(Editor's note: The fol
lowing comments on trees,
particularly those adapta
ble to street use in Medford.
have been prepared by John
Gribble, well - known re
tired forester, and will be
tun in a series during the
"tree planting season" here,
now under way.)
A city beautiful is a city
with trees beautiful 'trees.
Without trees no city can be
beautiful. Some day Medford
may be one of America's
most beautiful and healthful
cities-for trees give both
beauty and health to a city.
They trade oxygen for nitro
gen.
When early pioneers came
West they brought with them
some tree, shrub or garden
plant, or seeds thereof, from
their home place to start a
new life in their new home.
A start of gooseberry, cur
rant, evergreen blackberry,
came with some from the
East, and many an old aban
doned homestead was soon
overgrown with evergreen
blackberry briars. Fruit trees,
or their seeds, were brought
to the far West.
Likewise, some early Med
ford settlers brought with
them, and planted, in their
lawns, parking strips, or may
be in the back yard, "a tree
from back home." So Rogue
River Valley and Medford
have quite an assortment of
non-native trees, shrubs and
plants, some of which are not
suitable for present conditions
m one way or another.
Root systems of some trees
spread widely along the sur
face of the ground, spoiling
the lawn. Some pry up and
break walks and curbings
Some trees make excess lit
ter, mussy fruit or seedpods
on walks and lawn.
A few years ago some public-spirited,
civic-minded cit
izens started planning for sys
tematic tree selection and
planting for the parking strip
along streets. Working coop
eratively with resident own
ers, wonderful improvements
are being accomplished.
The Red Maple, Acer ru
brum, also called Scarlet,
Shoe-peg,, Swamp maple, or
Soft maple, has been selected
for some street planting. A
descriptipn of this tree will be
given later. Even now buds
are swelling and the beauti
ful flowers will soon burst
forth on the more mature
trees, of which there are a
few in Medford. Two or three
are on the south side of street
diagonally across the street
from the SE corner of the
Court house yard, a couple
are on the north side of
Fourth st. in front of No. 618
about opposite Peach.
If interested, look at these
flowers develop and the seed
keys grow. Springtime is a
nice time to make a pretty
herbarium of flowers, seed
and leaves.
Young Democrats
Form Club Here
Twenty-two persons, in
cluding 19 from Medford and
three from Ashland, have
made plans to establish a
Young Democrats club here,
it was announced Monday.
The group has applied for
a charter from the club's
state headquarters in Salem
and expects to have about 50
members by the time the
charter is granted, a spokes
man said.
Acting officers are Presi
dent Charles Langston, 21, of
256 Beatty st. Medford, Vice
President Gary R. Picard, 22,
of 3400 West Main st., Med
ford; Secretary T Treasurer
Mrs. Sharon Wheat, Medford.
Club spokesmen said sep
arate clubs may be chartered
in Medford and Ashland at
first, but that it is hoped the
two clubs eventually will
merge.
Any Democrat between 18
and 40 years old may join
the club. Information may be
obtained by calling Democrat
ic party headquarters at
SPring 3-4777, Langston at
SPring 3-4263 or Picard at
SPring 3-4356.
TO VISIT U.S.
Dublin (DPD Robert Bris
coe, former Jewish lord mayor
of Dublin, left by air Monday
for a two-month tour of the
United States. Brisco said Jie
hoped- to attract American in
dustry to Ireland, to increase
tourist travel, and, to sell
Americans on Irish whiskey.
16
Sending More Wheat To India
Presents Problem for America
By YVONNE FRANKLIN
Mail Tribune Washington
Bureau
Washington - Many baffled
Americans, 1 concerned about
mounting wheat surpluses,
may wonder why the United
States doesn't save some of
the $1 billion-a-year cost of
storing surplus grains by snip
ing more of the food to needy
India.
The problem is hot nearly
so easy of solution, according
to J. R. Wiggins, executive
editor of the Washington
Post, who has just - returned
from a tour of India.
He notes that under Public
Law 480, the U. S. since 1956
Rash of Traffic
Accidents Reported
To Medford Police
A rash of traffic accidents
were reported to Medford city
police last week end, one of
them resulting in five injuries
and another in three. None of
the injuries were critical, po
lice said.
Five persons were injured,
in a three - car accident on
Highway 99 at Stewart ave.
Saturday afternoon.
Police said the accident oc
curred when a car- operated
by Albert Kinney Cass, 77,
of Grants Pass, hit one operat
ed by Madison William Pat
rick, 17, of Trail, from behind
as it was slowing for a red
light, knocking it forward
into a third vehicle operated
by Donald Clifford Williams,
26, of Phoenix, which had
stopped for the light.
Cass told police that he
"blacked out" behind the
wheel of the car just before
he hit the rear of the Patrick
vehicle. Cass and two passen
gers, Hild Moore and Mable
M. Singleton, both of Grants
Pass, were taken to the Rogue
Valley hospital by Medford
Ambulance Service where
they were treated for cuts
and bruises and released.
Slightly Injured
A passenger in the Wil
liams vehicle, Ronnie Hayes,
Phoenix, was slightly injured,
police said, but was not taken
to the hospital.
Patrick was taken to Med
f o r d Osteopathic hospital
with undetermined head in
juries, according to police.
No citations were issued.
Cityf police cited Joseph
Edwin Crawford, 72, of 103
South Holly st., for disobey
ing a red light following an
accident about 3:25 p.m. Sat
urday which resulted in three
injuries.
Police said the accident oc
curred when the Crawford
vehicle allegedly went
through a red light on Eighth
i
SAVE AN0
NO
has agreed to furnish India
surpluses worth- $959.73 mil
lion. These commodities have
been paid for in counterpart
funds, rupees expendable in
India.
May Step Up Program
Wiggins reported that this
program may be stepped up.
The Indian Minister of Food
and Agriculture plans to
place 130 million bushels in
storage. This amount would
not notably diminish the
wheat stocks the U. S. is pil
ing up at the rate of 400 to
500 million bushels a year.
What are the obstacles in
India to funneling more U.S.
wheat to this vital but un-
st. and was struck by a vehi
cle operated by Mildred Pau
line Maben, 21, of box . 398,
Medford, which was traveling
on Riverside ave.
Taken to the Sacred Heart
hospital by Medford Ambu
lance Service with cuts,
bruises and possible internal
injuries, were Crawford and
his wife, Elithe Moffett Craw
ford, 63.
A passenger in the Maben
vehicle, Ellen Claire Maben,
44, of Molalla, sustained a
forehead cut, police said, but
did not request assistance.
. Another accident occurred
at Eighth and Bartlett sts.
Saturday about 3:32 p.m. in
heavy traffic which was
backed up waiting for the ac
cident at Eighth st. and River
side ave. to clear.
Girl Cited
Anna Jewel Turner, 16, of
1327 Morrow rd., was cited
by city police for failure to
yield the right of way after
the car she was operating col
lided at the intersection with
a car operated by Michael
David Reich, 26, of 2436 Capi
tal ave. There were no injur
ies, police said.
Another accident occurred
on Eighth st. Saturday about
2:05 p.m., between Bartlett
st., and Central ave., when
cars operated by June Rose
Barlow, 33, of 1065 Ellendale
dr., and Josephine Anne Vin
cent, 32, of 223 Willamette
ave., collided, causing negli
gible damage to both vehi
cles, according to city police.
No citations were issued.
- An accident at the intersec
tion of 11th and Hamilton
sts. Saturday about 1:23 p.m.
involved cars operated by Al
lie Maxine Poling, 21, of 827
West 14th st., and Paul Wil
liam Elgin, 52, of 1221 With
ington ave. There were no
injuries and no citations is
sued, police said.
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dernourished outpost of free
dom in Asia? Wiggins found
these:
1. There is fear that accu
mulation of counterpart funds
in rupees might have an in
flationary effect, or at least
put into foreign hands too
much control over Indian
monetary stability.
2. Some Indian officials
fear Indian farm output
might slow down if relieved
of the pressure of stark nec
essity.
3. In the Indian govern
ment there is an astonishing
unanamity of belief that food
grains should not be brought
in under Title III in the form
of grants for charitable dis
tribution except in cases of
famine and disaster.
4. Warnings about demoral
izing the needy with free con
tributions which Wiggins
hadn't heard since the relief
bills of the 1930s were dis
cussed in the U. S.'
Dangerous Dependence Seen
5. Worry was expressed by
Indian officials that our sur
pluses will not last forever,
and India might develop a
dangerous dependence and
then be suddenly left with
out American grains.
As Wiggins said, many of
these objections to larger in
take of wheat do credit to
Indian prudence, pride and
independence. They are, in
part, considerations that a
short diet for cabinet minis
ters would remove.
As he noted, the Indian ma
jority subsist on a calorie in
take of roughly 1800 a day,
contrasted to the U. S. intake
of 3000.
U. S. objections to stepping
up shipments of surplus
wheat are:
1. Shipping costs, plus the
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Youth Admits Part
In School Burglary
Salem - (CPD - John LeRoy
Shobe, 20, West Stayton, ar
rested with two other persons
Friday, has admitted in Mar
ion county jail that he help
ed burglarize Cascade Union
High school.
Arrested with Shobe for
the grade school break - in
were Earl Collier, 21, Salfsm
and Hollis ' Poplin, 27, of
Turner.
LEAD STATES
Missouri and Idaho are the
top lead producing states.
fact that many ships return
empty.
2. Skepticism about the ade
quacy of storage in India, and
npst rontrol. .
1
3. Fear of offending other
grain exporters.
Objections Weighed
Wieeins weighs these otnec-
tinns aeainst the fact that we
have warehouses bulging
with 1028 million bushels of
wheat, Commodity Credit
bins with another 39 million
bushels, old Liberty ships
with 37 million (late 1959 fig-ures)-and
all the hungry mil
lions in India.
"It seems as though most of
the legitimate fears of the In
dians might be met by more
formally tying the food im
ports and their counterpart
funds to a program for im
proving Indian agriculture at
the same time," observed
Wiggins.
He concluded that if the
rupee accounts were commit
ted officially to building
drainage ditches, irrigation
canals, terraces, farm to mar
ket roads, storage pits, buy
ing seed,- building fertilizer
plants and educating farmers,
then the American surpluses
would fill the current and
impending gap between pro
duction and need. It would
hasten the day when there
would be no gap to fill.
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