Structure
Than Thought, Harvard Computer Shows
Cambridge, Mass., (Science
Service)-Experiments in auto
matic translation at Harvard
University have shown that
the structure of the Russian
language - its grammar or
syntax - is much simpler
than had previously been
thought.
Russian syntactic structures
have "a hitherto unsuspected
degree of simplicity, regular
ity and universality," Prof.
Anthony G. Oettinger of the
Harvard Computation Labora
tory, Cambridge, Mass., re
ported to the National Syp
posium on Machine Transla
tion at the University of Cali
fornia, Los Angeles.
Sentences Analyzed
Sentences in Russian are
now being analyzed for their
structure on the Harvard
Burning Meteorites
Claimed Increasing
Growth of Earth
New York, N. Y.-(Scientific
American Feature) - Recent
studies show that perhaps as
much as five million tons of
metallic particles fall annual
ly from burning meteorites to
increase the bulk of the earth,
according to Hans Pettersson,
professor of oceanography at
the University of Goteborg,
Sweden.
"It seems doubtful, that life
could exist on earth at all,"
said Dr. Pettersson, "were it
not for the protecting mantle
of our atmosphere. Every sec
ond thousands of solid pro
jectiles, traveling at veloci
ties of tens of thousands of
feet Der second, enter the
earth's atmosphere. These bul
lets from the co s m o s are
meteorites, most of them
tony but many of iron with
an admixture of nickel. The
treat majority are smaller
than a pinhead. But even
particle so tiny could severely
injure or kill a man if it
reached the earth's surface
with undiminished velocity,
Death from 'meteoritic stroke'
might be a not-uncommon
coroner's verdict if the pro
tective canopy of the atmos
phere were not spread above
our heads.
Energy Transformed
. "Friction with the mole
cules of the atmosphere trans
forms the kinetic energy of
mechanical work, and dis-
perses its substance in a fine
. liicLcui iu ai. iikulo nv i
dust that settles slowly on the
earth. A few meteorites, rang
ing in weight from a fraction
of an ounce to tons, are suf
ficiently massive to penetrate
the atmosphere and plunge
with impressive force into
the ground. Atmospheric fric
tion heats them only superfi
cially. In the case of iron
meteorites the surface-heating
boils droplets of molten metal
into the surrounding air. In
stantly cooled and solidified,
these droplets from tiny 'cos
mic spherules' that settle
- down to the earth along with
the dust of lesser meteors.
"The frequency of meteors,
established by visual and ra
dio observation, indicates that
they add a respectable ton
nage of extraterrestrial mat
ter to the total mass of the
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Monday thru Friday-8 to 5 Saturday-8 to 12
f liCSNOW A.NDlHD"TIRtS-Sib '',5t jTG.lll I I ft ff - Wt
iff JSfjr vJlx7T? v
I If dtMH-A sHta--f "rmS LJ f If --m
m JE- WW -iir-. and "M i m r I 4gO M X 1 1 X m
-'L y
of Russian
UNIVAC computer using
simple and elegant, yet
powerful, method known as
"predictive analysis.
The predictive analysis of
language at Harvard, Prof
Oettinger explained, is based
on "brilliant fundamental
work" by Mrs. Ida Rhodes of
the applied mathematics di
vision of the National Bureau
of Standards, Washington,
D.C.
Predictive analysis can be
described as a series of edu
cated guesses, in which each
word in the sentence predicts
the most likely grammatical
form of the following words.
Alternative guesses are stored
in a special hindsight section
of the machine s memory and
are investigated only if later
words in the sentence show
earth in the course of a year,
A meterorite as small as a
pinhead makes a 'shooting
star' and a few such eva
nescent streaks of light may
be seen in the sky each hour
on almost any clear moonless
night. Shooting stars are es
pecially numerous when the
earth crosses the orbits of the
several swarms of meteorites
that circle the sun. These are
most evident in the second
week of August, late October,
mid-November and the early
part of December.
From Mountain Tops
During the past 13 years
I have been engaged in ef
forts to secure direct measure
ments of the meteoric fallout
My samples of meteoric dust
and cosmic spherules have
come from the tops of high
mountains remote from in
dustrial civilization, and from
the bottom of the ocean
Though the study is by no
means complete, the data now
show that meteoritic material
comes down to earth in much
larger quantity than earlier
estimates, based on astronom
ical information, had indicat
ed. Moreover, it appears that
the rate of fall has varied
during the past 10 or 15 mil
lion years. These findings
have relevance to a range of
questions in. , geophysics and
solar-system astronomy, from
the origin of meteorites to the
rate of sedimentation in
deep ocean."
the
Scales of Justice
Back in Balance
Helena, Mont. - Mrs. Sara
Vincent and some folks from
Ogden, Utah, are consistent
to say the least. Thanksgiving
Day in 1958, while the Utah
people were visiting a neigh
bor of Mrs. Vincent, their
automobile was damaged by
Mrs. Vincent. Damage $15.80.
This Thanksgiving, the Utah
people, visiting again, acci
dentally dented Mrs. Vin
cents' car.
Damage the second time,
$15.80.
RARE RUBIES
Perfect rubies are more
rare than perfect diamonds.
ALSO
DELICIOUS
APPLES
Firm and Crisp, Large or
Lunehbex Size
DIAL SPring 2-6141
Language
that the first guess was wrong.
On Computer Tape
Predictive analysis methods
are used in conjunction with
the Harvard automatic Rus
sian - English dictionary on
magnetic computer tape
which now contains entries
for about 15,000 words occur
ring in mathmatical and elec
tronic texts,
Russian sentences are fed
directly into the computing
machine without preliminary
editing. The output 'of the
machine is a printed analysis
of the grammatical role of
each word in the sentence,
supplied by the predictive
analysis computer program
The Russian - English dic
tionary also provides a. list of
the English equivalents of
each Russian word and of all
the possible grammatical roles
that the particular form of
this word may take.
This is not yet automatic
translation, Prof. Oettinger
emphasized, but it is a long
step toward the goal. Right
now, predictive analysis is a
most powerful tool for learn
ing more about the structure
of languages
The problem of the analysis
of syntax is just the same as
the "parsing" exercises for
diagramming sentences that
are familiar to most persons
from their school days. Syn
tactic analysis is not concern
ed with the meaning of tiie
words in the sentence, but
with the questions: Is this a
complete sentence? Which
word is the subject of the
sentence? Which is the verb?
What grammatical roles do
the rest of the words play?
Different Roles
The problem is further com
plicated by the fact that many
word forms can play different
grammatical roles in different
sentences. This is true even
in a highly inflected language
like Russian.
Any method of analyzing a
sentence, whether in Russian
or English or any other lan
guage, results in a diagram
that looks like a tree, with
clauses, phrases and modify
ing words branching off the
main stem of the sentence,
Prof. Oettinger said. When a
computing machine analyzes
a sentence, this tree structure
must be expressed as a string
of symbols lying in a straight
line.
He noted, however, that a
human also receives a sen
tence as a straight-line string
of words.
The predictive analysis
technique chooses the correct
tree diagram for each sen
tence by working through the
sentence from beginning to
end - just as the human read
er does.
Treated As Structures
Subsidiary phrases and
clauses are treated as struc
tures "nested" within the
GO
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Simpler
mam sentence, and several
levels of nests - within - nests
are permitted. By predicting
the form of each word on the
basis of the word immediately
preceding, predictive analysis
is able to set forth the gram
matical rules of the language
with extraordinary simplicity
and clarity, the scientist said.
The ability of predictive
analysis to handle "nested"
structure within a sentence
means that when a sentence
contains a construction that
is not provided for in the ma
chine program, the machine
will analyze all of the sen
tence that it can, and then
make a note of which part of
the sentence cannot be an
alyzed. To the experimenter, this is
a red flag. Either the input
sentence is in error, or its
grammatical form is not ade
quately described in the rules
of the machine program. Thus
the machine can be made to
indicate automatically the
places where the grammatical
rules of analysis are not com
plete. Interest Shown
Prof. Oettinger said lin
guists are already showing
much interest in the new ma
chine technique as a conven
ient way of discovering the
rules of governing rare gram
matical constructions that
have gone unnoticed in con
ventional linguistic analysis.
The Harvard project for the
predictive analysis of Russian
is not yet complete, Prof. Oet
tinger said, and not all of the
resources of the technique
have been fully exploited.
Theoretical work seems to
show that predictive analysis
can work for English and for
any other natural language.
Prof. Oettnger also suggested
that predictive analysis may
provide an approach to the
design of systems of automatic
programming for computing
machines.
Public Road Made
Into Drag Strip
San Antonio, Tex. - (UPD -
Bexar County officials decid
ed it was time to crack down
on hot rodders when they dis
covered a pair of youths had
converted a public road to a
private drag strip.
Constable Henry Satcher
said the youths set up a quar
ter-mile strip, painted start
and finish lines and then di
vided lanes with beer cans
for reflectors.
Ralph Ramirez, 19, of Hous
ton, and Charles R. Manno.
18, of San Antonio, were
charged with racing after
they were arrested by Satcher
while performing before a
"large crowd of spectators."
52-Gal. '
YOUR CONVENIENCE
5361
Large Food Bills
Are No Guarantee
Of Good Diet
New York - (Science Serv-
ice-Spending a large amount
vi muiiey ou luuu aues uui
guarantee an adequate diet, a
nutrition expert said here.
When a wife works, more
money is spent on food, the
family dines out more often,
and the wife purchases more
convenience foods. However,
there is no clearcut difference
associated with the adequacy
of the diet of these house
holds, except where family
income is very low, under
$2,000 a year, Dr. Hazel Stie
beling of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture told colleagues
here at a nutrition symposium
sponsored by the Melamine
Council.
Discriminating Selections
The fact remains, Dr. Stie
beling continued, that wheth
er or not a family has a diet
meeting recommended allow
ances for good nutrition de
pends on discriminating selec
tions among the foods on the
market and among the foods
that are brought into the kit
chen and served at the table.
This is especially true for
those foods that are important
as nutrients but in relatively
short supply.
The amount of food brought
into the American kitchen
tends to exceed what is ac
tually needed, especially when
food is plentiful and cheap.
The calorie value of such food
may amount to as much as
25 per cent to 50 per cent
more than the well-fed family
needs to eat, the researcher
said.
Golfer Winds Up
Washing and Drying
Appleton, Wis. - It was the
age-old battle of wits over
who should wash the dishes.
Darrel Vachon, a farm ma
chinery salesman, was prac
ticing putting a golf ball on
his living-room floor when
his wife, Gretchen, said he
should wash the dishes.
Vachon, who classes him
self a pretty fair golfer, chal
lenged Gretchen, who'd never
played, to a putting contest
to see who would wash.
Losing the first contest)
Darrel asked for a rematch.
He wound up drying, too.
YID)AY IFroinni Moo
Drivo Our Hilleresr to No. Phoenix Rd., Turn Right and Look for Our Sigm.
i ii i n il Uhlum1
5
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AD DIRECTORY
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Special Club Events 2
Personal .. , 3
Lost and Found 4
Instructions 5
Wanted Male Help 10
Wanted Female Help . . . 11
Male or Female Help 12
Wanted Situations 13
Wanted Miscellaneous . 14
Financial & Loans 15
REAL ESTATE
For Rent Houses ..... 20
For Rent Apartments 21
For Rent Furnished Rooms- 11
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For Rent Miscellaneous .24
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Furniture ' 42
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Hay. Grain and Feed , 54
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UNCLASSIFIED COPY
Too Late to Classify A
Business Directory . B
Card of Thanks C
Former Detectives
Living on Lies
Philadriphia-4UPD-Two for
mer city detectives are liv
ing on lies these days. That
is, other people's lies.
John J. Brown and Charles
F. Kane, with a total of 19
years on the police force, re
cently pooled their resources
and set themselves up in busi
ness as Kane Associates.
The new firm will special
ize in polygraph examinations-lie
detecting, in short.
The company already has a
number of accounts from de
partment and other stores as
well as numerous types of
business establishments.
Kane was the city's poly
graph examiner while Brown
was executive officer of the
Detective Bureau's robbery
and auto unit of the major
theft squad.
unri t 1 1 n i t 1 1 1
MAIL TRIBUNE, M.dford, Or.
Sunday, March , 1960 C
MOTHER Nil II
Foir Yoyir Pleosyre
.ts
A Toe late To Classify
Hardboard
Tempered 4x8-316"
Green, factory finished. Ideal
for kitchen bathroom wains
coting. , S3. 19
per sheet,
LEWIS
Wholesale Builders
SUPPLY
443 S. Riverside
SP 2-7133
FOR SALE Clean used brick 5c.
and some used lumber. SP 3-2949
NOTICE Commercial spraying of
all kinds. No- job too large or
too small. SP 2-5376. WITHROW.
FOR SALE Good rebuilt electric
. Singer sewing machine, with cabi
net, $15. SP 3-4481 or SP 2-8522.
WILL re-style men's double breast
ed coats to single breasted. Low
prices. All work guaranteed.
SP 3-9177.
FOR SALE 2-bdrm. home with
rental. Close in. $200 dn. SP 3-
5013.
TREES St SHRUBS. Prices right
Quality always. ORNAMENTAL
NURSERY. Near Central Point.
Cash talks at FARMERS LUMBER
COMPANY. Bamett It Riverside.
Phone SP 2-5462.
Creosote pressure treated fence
posts. will last indefinitely.
FARMERS LUMBER COMPANY.
Barnett and Riverside. SP 2-5462.
"OIL TO BURN"
MOBIL HEAT
S&H Green Stamos too.
MEDFORD FUEL CO
Call SP 2-2111
WHY WAIT ? 1 1
Carpet. Linoleum, all types of
counter tops. Immediate instal
lation. Nothing Down. 3 yrs. to
pay on Approved Credit.
JIM'S
Floor Covering Shop
1256 S. Riverside. SP 2-4448
50 KEGS 8D box nails $10.50 per
keg. 1x6 sheathing $35 per M.
V-grooved prefinished Mahogany
$3.52 per sheet. Problems in re
modeling? Call Pete or Clem at
KE 5-1533.
NORTON LUMBER CO.
Phoenix. White City, Ashland
1x6 boards only $35 M.
FARMERS LUMBER CO.
Barnett & Riverside. SP 2-5462
FOR RENT Warm apt. with bath,
close in. All utilities pd. Washing
facilities. 217 S. Riverside.
i" sanded plywood, $4.48 sheet.
Farmers Lumber Co. Barnett &
Riverside, phone SP 2-5462.
BEA'S WESTINGHOUSE LAUN
DROMAT. 634 Crater Lake Ave.
WASH. RINSE, SPIN. 20c. DRY
10c FOR 10 MINUTES. WE
NEVER CLOSE.
4"x48" half round pickets, only 3c
eacn. akjvk juumu&k iaj.
Barnett and Riverside. Phone
SP 2-3462.
HEATHKIT
From your authorized factory
representative. Southern Ore
Northern Calif
VERL G WALKER CO.
205 W. Jackson SP 3-7557
Medford, Oregon
Lumber worth the money. FARM
ERS LUMBER COMPANY. Bar
nett and Riverside. Phone SP2-
5462.
FOR SALE. Grain drill NO 4-2600.
Use Tribune Want Ads
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iniiinia m in
A Too Late To Classify
BLOX BLOX BLOX
2-foot and under
Big double or single loads
S&H green stamps
MEDFORD FUEL Tel. SP 2-2111
FENCING lumber a specialty.
Farmers Lumber Company, Bar
nett & Riverside. Phone SP2
5462. BUNDLES OF OLD NEWSPAPERS
for sale 20c each Mail Tribune
Office 33 N Pir
4x8 V-Groove mahogany panelling
FARMERS LUMBER COMPANY.
Barnett and Riverside. Phone
SP 2-5462.
DOORS as low as $4.50. Farmers
Lumber Company. Barnett and
Riverside. Phone SP 2-5462.
FOR SALE or Trade: 22 ft. Trailer
house. License & tax paid. . SP
2-9057.
PRUNERS wanted. Gold Hill area
UL 5-1017.
See DISPLAY AD in this Tribune
Issue for locaUon of ORNAMEN
TAL NURSERY.
FOR SALE 16 Acres. Nice 2
Bdrm. home. 1 mi. E. Gold Hill
on old Hwy. UL 5-1424.
GEO'S Battery Repair Shop. Brok
en Cases. Lids & Posts replaced.
Open Sun. 136 Almond. SP 2-9206
FOR SALE: Pan American trom
bone, like new. Dukane 3 speed
record player, film strip projec
tor combination, like new. Fisch
er upright piano. Underwood
portable typewriter. SP 3-4981.
WILL purchase small contracts &
mortgages. Write Tribune Box
5658.
HAVE $2,150 equity in 2 bdrm.
. newly constructed home. Must
sell! Will sacrifice equity for any
car, boat, trailer, guns or what
have you, to the best offer. MU
2-0886 or SP 3-4747.
FENCE posts, all grades and prices.
Farmers Lumber Companv. Bar
nett & Riverside. SP 2-5462.
USED 10-WHEEL
DIESEL TRUCKS
Year Make - Model Engine Tram. Tire Rear End
1959 B 73 S Mack NH 220 Tr. Q 10x22 Begin
1956 Autocar NHB 53 10x22 SQDD
1956 B753S Mack END T205 Tr. Q 10x22 Bogies
1955 Int'l R192 JT 175 54 10x22 34 R
1955 Autocar NHB 53 10x22 SQDD .
1955 Int'l RFD 402 NHB 53 10x22 SQDD
1955 LT Mack NHB 103 10x22 Bogias
1954 Mack B 61 S END 170 Tr. Q 10x20 Begin
1951 LFMack END 170 53 10x20 Begitt
1950 LFMack END 170 53 10x20 Bogies
1948 CMC 671 D 53 . 10x22 Bogiai
Misc. Log Trailers and Other Equipment
JERRY OLSON
MACK SALES, INC.
2811 Crater Lake Highway SP 2-2116
You Are All
Cordially
fil Dasllr
FtCLIlk W. Q(lt(ll(in0
niimn iiniiiii -
A-Too tote To Cltmfff
WANTED to buv a good used exer
cycle. SP 2-7630 after 5.
Fencing cedar. 1x4 thru 1x12 all
grades. FARMERS LUMBER
COMPANY. Barnett and River
side. Phone SP 2-5462.
COMICE
PEARS
Rejects from our Gift Pack
Bring Your Own Containers
Golden Delicious
APPLES
OPEN 8 A.M. TO S F.M.
Monday through Saturday
PINNACLE
Packing Co., Inc.
220 N. Fir