haric
of
ia's Middle Way Are Discussed in Progra
es
loo
mm
Policies Toward
India in Midst of
Major Overhaul
(Editor's net: This U an
other in a series of articlM
discussing Great Decisions
... 1960 subjects. Today's
article is on "What Chances
for India's Middle Way?"
The articles are prepared
by the Foreign Policy asso
ciation of New York City.)
U.S. polices toward India
observers agree, are in the
midst of a maior overhaul
The most obvious sten in this
direction to date is President
Eisenhower's Feb. 16 request
to Congress for a doubling of
American economic aid to
the world's most populous de
mocracy.
The reauest Is unusual In
several , respects. First the
President sent the request to
Congress in spite of election
year pressures against Fed
eral spending in general, and
against foreign aid spending
In particular.
Second, India has been sin
gled out for favored treat
ment in spite of some senti-ment-in
the Administration.
in Congress and in the Amer
ican public-that India's "mix
ed" or part socialist economy
is an unsound investment for
American free enterprise dol
lars. 'Neutralist' Policy
Third, the request is unus
Hal because India has long
been considered in this coun
try the chief exponent of a
"neutralist" foreign policy, or
what India's leaders call a
policy of nonalignment in the
cold war.
The problem of cost will be
met very simply in the Presi
dent's proposal: the already
submitted foreign aid budget
would be reallocated rather
than increased. Most of the re
allocation of funds would take
place in the U.S. Develop
ment Loan Fund. The DLF
now earmarks 25 per cent of
its loans for India; under the
President's formula it would
earmark 50 per cent of its
funds for India.
- The other two problems
U.S. suspicions of India's "so-
;cialism" and "neutralism"
cannot be disposed of so eas
!ily. Some political observers
.feel that Congress and the
American public have had
- genuine second thoughts on
' these questions, particularly
in the past 12 months.
- The test will come when
Congress debates the 1960-61
: foreign aid budget and the
President's proposal on India.
Why Second Thoughts?
. A point of decision In the
White House thinking was,
- apparently, the President's
'personal goodwill trip to In
. dia last December. Obviously
the President was deeply im
pressed by his first hand ob
servations, and was touched
by the overwhelming warmth
; of the reception he got from
the Indian people.
His private conversations
with Prime Minister Jawahar-
lal Nehru, and other Indian
'' government officials, may
1 have strengthened his resolve
to give India a higher prior-
ity in UJS. foreign policy.
Impressions from a single
good will trip, however, are
- scant justification for a major
shift in government policy.
. The basic reasons for the
present shift, experts believe,
GTOTD
Sealed proposals for the demolition or removal of the House and Out
buildings formerly known as the Eagan residence on the premises at
230 Cottage Street, Medford, will be received by the Purchasing Agent
of the City of Medford, Oregon, at the City Hall in said city until 11:00
A.M. on the 4th Day of March, 1960, and thereafter will be publicly
opened and read. The work is to be done in accordance with specifica
tions on file in the office of the Purchasing Agent and consist of the
following: -
i
One house containing approximately 700
square feet of floor space with a
detached garage.
Demolition or removal must be complete not later than March 21, 1960.
Bids must be accompanied by a certified check in the full amount of
the bid, payable to the Treasurer of the City of Medford, Oregon.
The checks of the unsuccessful bidders will be returned within ten
day$ after the date on which bids are opened. Bids must be in writing
and signed by or on behalf of the bidder.
The right is reserved by the City of Medford to reject any and all bids
or to accept that proposal which appears to be to the best interest of
th City of Medford.
City of Medford, Oregon
By Robert A. Duff
City Manager
Questionnaire Used
To Express Opinion
Of American Public
A small piece of paper with
10 questions on it may soon
help bury a myth. The myth
is that the American public is
both intellectually incapable
of having a voice in the na
tion's foreign policy and too
apathetic to care about for
eign affairs.
The paper is " a question
naire inserted in the "Great
Decisions . . . 1960" fact sheet
kits being used by thousands
of Americans during the
eight-week world affairs
study program, sponsored na
tionally by the Foreign Pol-
Icy association.
The ' idea, that foreign af
fairs is, by the nature of
things, an exclusive reserve of
an expert elite has already
been dealt severe blows by
the success of the "Great De
cisions" program. Having be
gun in 1955 with 4,215 per
sons it has grown to encom
pass 250,000 direct partici
pants in 1960 with millions
more being exposed to the
concept through cooperating
newspapers, radio and - tele
vision.
Increasing Number
There are then an increas
ing number of Americans who
realize that their future secu
rity and happiness is linked to
events which occur a consid
erable distance from their
own backyards.
But who are the Americans
participating in "Great Deci
sions" study and discussion
groups? Where do they live
and work? What is their edu
cational background and in
come? Are they mostly men
or women, young or old?
The questionnaire will pro
vide the answers. They are
important answers because
what these citizens are doing
is important. As Henry Cabot
Lodge recently noted: "All
those throughout the nation
who take part in this program
are doing themselves and the
country an important serv
ice." The questionnaire poten
tially holds much for those
who believe with John Nason,
lie in a series of developments
that preceded and followed
the President's trip.
Important Developments
The most important of these
developments is the deteriora
tion of India's relations with
Red China, beginning with
China's military suppression
of Tibetan autonomy early
last year and culminating in
Chinese military occupation
of Indian border territories
long claimed by China.
Although Chinese aggres
sion has brought no change
in India's policy of nonalign
ment, it was nonetheless dra-matized-in
India and the rest
of the world-some of the risks
of "peaceful coexistence."
The general U.S. reaction,
according to most observers,
is a surge of sympathy for
India and, perhaps, a greater
awareness that the free world
has a stake in keeping India
outside the communist orbit.
Another important develop
ment of the past year is in
creased free world concern
with the so-called economic
development "race" between
India and Red China. The out
president of the Foreign Pol
icy association, that "citizens
of every walk of life have the
interest and intelligence to
understand major problems
of foreign affairs.
Special Materials -
In addition to study and
discussion of selected foreign
policy topics and the use of
specially designed materials,
participants in "Great Deci
sions groups have been given
a "voice" in foreign policy by
means of an "opinion ballot."
How does John Smith feel
about increased cultural ex
changes with the U.S.S.R.?
Or the use of greater funds
to close the missile gap? Does
his wife want increased eco
nomic aid to India? Or a
tougher policy toward Latin
American dictators?
A "Great Decisions" opin
ion ballot is filled out after a
week of study devoted to par
ticular questions such as
"What Chances for India's
Middle Way?", "Cuba's Revolution-Reform
or Fiasco?"
and "Communism Timetable
for 1960-What Odds?"
When thousands of Ameri
cans, who have taken the time
to inform themselves on for
eign policy questions- make
their opinions known, people
do listen. Congressmen listen.
Many lawmakers receive bal
lots cast In their own con
stituencies.
Chairman of the Republi
can National committee,
Thruston B. Morton said of
the ballots: "These will be
highly useful samplings of In
formed public opinion," and
his Democratic counterpart,
Paul Butler, expressed simi
lar interest in seeing tabula
tions of the ballots. The state
department listens. It receives
the opinion ballot returns-as
do hundreds of newspapers
across .America.
The experience of "Great
Decisions . . . 1960" in over
500 communities in 50 states
may at last bury the myth
that Americans are neither
capable or desirous of having
a voice in United States for
eign policy.
come of this race, many ob
servers believe, may deter
mine whether the rest of the
underdeveloped nations will
lean toward Indian style dem
ocratic methods, or toward
Chinese style totalitarian
methods, In their efforts to
construct modern, industrial
ized economies.
Finally, the communist
threat to India is internal as
vell as external, as - was
shown in the Feb. 1 elections
in the Indian state of Kerala.
In 1957 this small but popu
lous state with a high literacy
rate elected a communist gov
ernment to power. The com
munist won, with a plurality
of 35 per cent, over a splin
tered opposition. Virtual pa
ralysis of the communist gov
ernment in July of last year
brought about New Delhi's in
tervention and the calling of
new elections. An anti-communist
coalition government
was voted on Feb. 1 by the
people of Kerala, but the
communst party nonetheless
increased its vote to 42 per
cent of all votes cast.
The Kerala vote shows that
the Indian communist party
can muster important strength
in a few key regions of the
country where unemployment
or food shortages are chronic
problems. Under such circum
stances, India's capacity to
solve its economic problems
by democratic means will
have a direct bearing on fu
ture communist party influ
ence. What U.S. Role?
President Eisenhower's re
quest to Congress to double
U.S. aid to India coincided
with Soviet Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev's most recent
visit to India. The Soviet offi
cial used his visit to extol the
"unselfish" nature of Soviet
aid to India, and to criticize
Western aid as a "weapon of
a new colonial policy."
What, in fact, is the think
ing behind proposals for in
creased U.S. aid?
The most important objec
tive, according to Administra
tion spokesmen and many ex
perts outside government, is
to help India through several
years of grave economic cri
sis, and to bring the country
to a "take off' point of self
sustained economic growth.
The major crisis at present
is in agriculture. A survey
team from the Ford Founda
tion calculated last year that
it will take about $1,500,000,
000 to raise India's food pro
duction to adequate levels in
the course of six years.
This six-year period will
run through India's third Five
Year Plan (to start in April,
1961). Two-thirds of this one
and a half billion dollars will
have to be in foreign ex
change.
An important feature of the
agricultural reform will be
intensified use of fertilizers,
calling for the construction of
fertilizer plants and storage
facilities, the importation of
machinery and chemicals, and
the training of technicians
and farmers.
The total bill for agricul
tural reform and for other in
vestments in economic growth
which must be met from for
eign grants and credits, will
be about $1,000,000,000 a year
for a minimum of six years.
With luck and skill, many
authorities feel, India will by
then be over its most serious
crisis period and in a better
position to finance its own
further economic develop
ment. The purpose of heavy
doses of foreign aid, there
fore, is to help India reach
this point through democratic
methods. .
The President's proposal.
LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT
it Hotpoint Deluxe Dryer.... 65.00
jt Bendix Dryer 55.00
Coronado Dryer 59.50
jt; Two Westinghouse
Dryers each 59.50
Westinghouse Washer &
Dryer Twins ... the pair 150.00
however, does not call for the
U.S. to do the whole job. Un
der the President's plan, U.S.
aid will be increased from
present annual levels of $150
170,000,00 to around $250,
300,000,000 annually or about
one-third of India's yearly re
quirements in foreign aid in
vestment. From UN Bank
Another $300,000,000, it is
estimated, will come from the
UN's International Bank for
Reconstruction and Develop
ment, and from communist
bloc countries. Britain has al
ready indicated willingness to
put up about $150,000,000 a
year. The balance would come
from West Germany, Japan
and other industrialized de
mocracies, many of which
have also expressed interest
in participating.
Furthermore, the overall
plan ' has bipartisan support
in Congress-particularly from
Senators John F. Kennedy (D
Mass.) and John Sherman
Cooper (R-Ky.) and Repre
sentative Chester Bowles (D
Conn.). The question yet to be an
swered is whether Congress
and the American people will
set a high priority on in
creased aid to India at a time
when pressures are mounting
for cuts in Federal spending
in some areas (including for
eign aid), for increased Fed
eral spending in other areas
(including defense), for a bal
anced Federal budget, and (as
elections draw close) for cuts
in Federal taxes.
Obviously some of these
objectives are in conflict with
each other. The deciding fac
tor may be the state of Amer
ican public opinion at the
time the issue comes up for
debate in Congress.
Applications Sought
For Civil Service Jobs
Applications are now being
accepted for various civil serv
ice positions, the civil service
commission has announced.
Positions open include
health physicists, instrument
men, construction materials
testers and computers. There
also are opportunities in the
fields of engineering, electri
cal and mechanical equipment
inspection, stenography and
typing.
Persons desiring additional
information and application
forms should contact L. B.
Nelson at the Medford post
office.
ELECTRIC RANGES
o Hot-point Deluxe Push
Button Range ....99.50
o Hotpoint Range
(2 new burners) 65.00
reconditioned
sparkling clean
guaranteed
214 WEST MAIN ST. SP 3-6241
400 Volunteers To
Cover (Residential!
Area on GHIeart Drive
More than 400 Heart Sun
day volunteers will cover the
residential areas of Jackson
county today during a house-to-house
solicitation between
noon and 4 pan.
Heart Sunday Chairman
Mrs. Ronald Ricketts pointed
out that each contribution
would be personal since the
blockworkers will give each
family an individual envelope
which may be filled and
sealed before it is returned to
the volunteer. Special mail
in envelopes will be left for
residents not at home.
At the same time that Jack
son county is being canvassed,
approximately 1,500,000 vol
unteers in more than 10,000
cities and towns will be so
liciting funds to fight the
number one health enemy,
described by Dr. Paul Dudley
White as "the epidemic of the
20th century."
Mrs. Ricketts emphasized
that "75 per cent of every
dollar collected will stay in
Oregon," and that the re
maining would be sont to the
American Heart association.
Research Facilities
"However," she added, "be
cause of the excellent re
search facilities in Oregon,
more than 25 per cent is often
returned to the state in the
form of research grants,
mainly given to the Univer
sity of Oregon medical
schools." .
As to the reason the Heart
Fund is not a participant of
the United Medford Crusade,
Mrs. Ricketts explained that,
'The United Medford Cru
sade, out of necessity, has to
budget their funds to partici
pating agencies. The Heart
Fund has found that they can
not budget research, and that
the more money collected
now, the sooner this number
one killer will be defeated."
Area Captains Named
In Medford, three area
chairmen have appointed 34
captains who are responsible
for recruitment of individual
blockworkers. Chairmen and
captains named by Mrs. Rick
etts are:
Area A, Mrs. James Mulla-
ney, chairman. Captains: Mrs.
Dewey Wilson, Mrs. James
Redden, Mrs. Arnold Paradis,
Mrs. Joseph Mikolavich, Mrs.
Jerry Gastineau, Mrs. Mary
Carrara, Mrs. Ken Rupert,
Mrs. Edith Devaney, Mrs.
Richard Randolph, Mrs. C. A.
Parlier, Mrs. Lawrence Ware,
Mrs. D. L. Pickell, Mrs. Jack
Lynch, Mrs. Carl Kellenber
ger, Irs. Charles Henry, and
Mrs. C. F. Wieskamp.
Area B, Mrs. Arlon Skin
ner, chairman. Captains: Mrs.
Ralph McKay, Mrs. Gordon
Boner, Mrs. Quentin Lewis,
Mrs. Roy Cooper, Mrs. Rob
ert Rickman, Mrs. Cleo Epps,
Mrs. Jay Allen, Mrs. Floyd
Hart, Mrs. Robert Barbee,
and Mark Smith.
Area C, Mrs. R. Ren Tay
lor, chairman. Captains: Mrs.
Richard Mole, Mrs. Norman
Capsey, Mrs. Ray Sorenson,
Mrs. Thomas Teutsche, Mrs.
A. B. Davis, Mrs. Hale Green
man, Mrs. William Thompson,
Mrs. Edward Bostwick and
Mrs. Jack (Louise) Hartley.
180 Flu Cases Are
Reported in County
A total of 180 cases of in
fluenza, including 104 in Med
ford, were among the cases
of communicable diseases re
ported to the Jackson county
health department last week.
Ashland reported 39 flu cas
es, Central Point 23, Shady
Cove 10, Jacksonville 3 and
Phoenix 1.
Other cases listed were:
measles, Ashland 17, Medford
2, and Gold Hill 1; chicken
pox, Medford 5, Rogue River
4, Ashland 3, Shady Cove 2,
and Gold Hill 1; mumps, Gold
Hill and Ashland 1 each; scar
let fever, Central Point 4,
Medford and Ashland 1 each;
infectious hepatitis, Medford
1; pneumonia, Medford 5,
Ashland 3 and Central Point
1; German measles, Medford
4 and Ashland 2, and whoop
ing cough, Medford 3.
OPEN ATOMIC TALKS
Washington-fUPD-The United
States has opened talks with
Communist Yugoslavia on co
operation in peaceful uses of
atomic engery.
DAPP
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public vote on stuff don't like, etc
why the boom in art?
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DM ART
good paintings reasonably priced for
your home or office and "you eat your
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BIG MONEY ART
WHAT IS IT?
see
next Saturday
marrh R trIs community club)
nidi (ill 0 (229 no. bartlett medford)
staley staley
art show
public, invited come as you art
for free brochure write
d. m. staley, GENELEC Lodge, Eagle Point
o reconditioned
sparkling clean
guaranteed
VALUE PRICED
REFRIGERATORS
o Westinghouse
11 cu. ft. . 95.00
o Westinghouse
10cu.fr. 95.00
o Kelvinator
8 cu. ft. ..........75.00
General Electric
9cu.ft 89.50
"struggling artists"
art
show
Saturday, march 5th
10:30 f 7:30
girls community club
229 no. bartlett, medford
87 paintings by
victoria ttaley and
d. m. ttalay
door prizes auction
for cancer fund free
art dictionary
coffee break
(yon can't afford it)
examples
i