MAIL TRIBUNE, Mtdford, Or.
Sunday, Feb. 7, 1960
JiuiiniDir AelhDvmn)iri)ti Pirogiromro Pssnblle Heir
14
Companies Make
Goods As Regular
Business Firms
By GREG NOKES
Mail Tribune Staff Writer
The management and em
ployees of any company, even
a Junior Achievement com
pany, cannot bear to stand
idly by and watch their firm
"go bankrupt, and chances are
they will do everything in
their power to bring it back
T to a profit-making enterprise.
At least the members of
the Wood Products Co. of
Portland did. This Junior
; Achievement company found
; itself with a product that
: wouldn't sell and was in dan
', ger of going out of business. .
'. The company had been
manufacturing wooden nik
nak shelves, for which there
seemed to be no market. The
company found itself with
lots of shelves but no money.
The management and em
ployees put their heads to
gether and decided to make
a few modifications in the
shelf and sell it as an entirely
different product in a last
ditch attempt to save the j
firm.
Table Decoration
They drilled three holes in
the shelf putting a candle in
the center hole and a Christ
mas tree ball on each side and
sold the converted shelf as a
Christmas table center decoration.
The change-over succeeded
and by the time the Christ
mas season was over they had
made a substantial profit,
which they put to use making
another product.
This product too sold, and
by the time the company vol
untarily quit operating, the
stockholders had received a
sizable dividend, and employ
ees a good profit.
This company no longer ex
ists, but it is an example of
how serious the teen-agers are
when they group together to
form JA companies.
There are 3,842 J A com
panies comprised of students
from high schools in 252 com
munities in the U.S. and Canada.
Speaks at Assemblies
To get students interested,
' a representative from the lo
cal JA organization speaks at
school assemblies and tells
the students about JA and the
(-business training that high
school students get while
working in their own compa
nies, sponsored, but not run
by normal adult businesses.
JA started in Springfield,
Mass., in 1919, when several
industrialists got together and
and thought it . would be a
good idea if youths living in
urban areas could have a pro
gram comparable to 4-H and
FFA agricultural programs
for rural youths, except that
it would be business oriented.
These men were worried
about the many students grad
;. uating from high school who
;. knew nothing about business
or practical economics even
: though they lived in a coun
! try dependent on the free en-
terprise system.
I Worried Businessmen
If youths didn't know any
thing about free enterprise
and good business practices
by the time they graduated
from high school, they rea
soned, what mght happen to
a country whose very success
and high standards of living
are attributed to the success
of a free enterprise way of
life?
They decided to do some
thing about it, and contribut
ed some money to a special
fund with which they pur
chased a building, bought
some machinery and reciuit-
ed some high school youths to
use these and start their own
businesses.'
Today, the 3.842 Junior
Achievement companies oper-
; ating in communities all over
the U.S. and Canada are each
sponsored by regular busi
nesses, preferably manufac
turing firms, which offer ad
vice on good business meth
ods and practices as the jun
ior organization proceeds to
.: form and run its own com
panies. Serve as Advisors
Other than providing three
men to serve as advisors in
the sales, management and
production fields, the spon
soring firm keeps hands off of
the youths and allows them
to make their own decisions
and conduct their own busi
ness operations. j" .
The sponsor is under no ob
ligation to see that the junior
company makes a profit, nor
are they allowed to have any
financial interest in the com
pany itself.
The point is not whether
the company makes profit,
although no , one turns one
down if it is made, but that -youths
set practical experi-
yW(:l.i.iii,li ii i in lull , ,ll),-iin,ni.ju. JJIIJMUII ''"''''',W''''I?
CHECK HURDLE University of Oregon
track coach, Bill Bowerman and Hurdler
Dave Edstrom, are shown above looking at
a new kind of track hurdle, made and sold
by Webfoot Products, a Eugene Junior
Achievement company. The hurdle has an
elastic bar for hurdles to use while prac
ticing, but it can easily be replaced by a
wooden bar for track meets. This is one of
the variety of products made by 2,842 JA
companies in the U.S. and Canada last year.
ence in and knowledge of
business enterprises, and the
work it takes to run one.
Even if a youth never en
ters a business profession for
a career, he will neverthe
less be in contact with the
business world in some way.
Student interest in the pro
gram is high as was revealed
in Portland last year when
over 2,000 students applied
for participation in JA. There
was room for only one-third
of them.
Criterion for Selection
The criterion for selection
among the applicants is not
one of ' school grades or
achievement, but one of abil
ity and potential.
When JA is making their
' selection they want to choose
those students whom they
feel will stick with the com
pany if the going is rough.
. JA cooperates with the
schools in choosing the stu
dents. They often discuss the
merits of each applicant with
his respective high school
counselor or instructor.
Students in JA meet once
a week for 32 weeks from Oc
tober through May, and each
meeting lasts for two hours.
All production is done at the
regularly scheduled meetings
although selling is done on
the student's time.
First Meeting
At the first meeting the
students are divided into
groups of from 15 to 20 per
sons. It is at this time the
members of the prospective
company notice another nice
attraction of JA companies,
tliev are co-educational.
At the first meeting, stu
dents are introduced to advi
sors and with their help se
lect a name, decide on a prod
uct, elect company officers
and apply to JA national for
a charter to do business.
Each student takes home
from the meeting a number
of shares of stock which he
tries to sell. He usually has
little trouble because of the
excellent reputation of JA.
Each share of stock costs 50
cents and no company can
sell more than 200 shares.
Limited to Purchase
No one customer can pur
chase more than five shares
and this limitation includes
company members. This pre
vents any one or two persons
from buying up the stock and
making that part of the busi
ness easy for the student.
At subsequent meetings pro
duction starts.
The machinery which JA
companies use is rented from
the local JA headquarters.
The companies also rent of
fice space, pay for utilities,
pay taxes, and pay themselves
wages. .
All of these costs are not
high but they are paid so the
student will $,et the experi
ence of having to meet the
same kind of expenses that
normal companies must meet.
Selling Methods
JA companies can' sell
house to house or through lo
cal stores if they can get them
to handle their products, but
they cannot sell across state
lines.
The companies are free to
switch products at any time
during the eight months they
are in business. i
Most JA products are sim
ple, usually, but not necessar
ily, using wood in their con
struction, and the unit cost
seldom runs more than $2.
There is no limiation on
the kind of product or maxi
mum price at which it can be
sold, but the restriction on
the amount of capital a com
pany can have, discourages
highly priced goods.
The company is not allowed
to undersell a comparable
product on the market, even
if it can make it cheaper. JA
does not seek to take business
away from established firms,
and seldom does (its influ
ence on the economic life in
a community is never felt). It
must keep its prices competitive.
Each JA company is re
quired to close operations in
May, pay stockholders divi
dends, if there are any, divide
up the profit among mem
bers and prepare a profit and
loss statement both for the
stockholders and for the na
tional organization.
Award Presented
An award is given to that
company preparing the best
stockholders' report ' for the
year. The award is given by
the New York Stock Ex
change, which also does the
judging.
Under no conditions may a
JA company operate longer
than the specified eight
months, nor may a student
participate in the program for
more than two years.
Most students who have
participated in JA feel that it
is a lot of fun, giving them a
chance to be their own bosses
in a worthwhile, interesting
and often profitable activity.
JA is popular in the Port
land area where in its 10th
year there are 38 JA com
panies in which 687 students
participate.
Executive Director
James D. Tomlin, execu
tive director of the Portland
group, said they would like
to have accommodated all of
the more than 2,000 students
who applied, but the number
of students that can be han
dled is dependent on the
number of companies.
There are never more than
20 persons in a company so
the organiaztion will not get
so cumbersome as to detract
from its original purpose.
They are also kept small so
each student will get experi
ence in each of the three
(management, sales, and pro
duction) branches of the company.
The number of companies
is dependent on the number
of sponsors which can be ob
tained, the amount of work
space available and amount
of equipment that can be ac
quired. In Portland this year, stu
dents in JA have nearly cre
ated their own distinct busi
ness community.
Various Companies
One company runs a bank
ing establishment which han
dles the individual JA com
pany accounts and can loan
these companies a limited
amount of money.
Another company devotes
itself entirely to auditing the
books of the other companies
and there is even a foreign
import-export company which
is' reportedly quite successful.
Eugene started a JA organi
zation two years ago which,
in that short time, has proved
very successful, according to
William E. Eaton, the execu
tive director.
There are six companies in
Eugene this year and one in
Springfield, operating out of
the Eugene organization.
The most successful JA
company in Eugene last year
was . the Artistic Products
company which made and
sold boxes of bottled spices.
Over 1,000 units were sold
at SI. 25 apiece so more than
$2,700 were handled by the
company and a substantial
profit realized.
New Track Hurdle
Another of last year's Eu
gene companies manufactured
and sold a new kind of track
hurdle.
This hurdle had elastic
bars instead of wooden ones
so trackmen could practice
without fear of injury. They
were convertible so wooden
bars could be used when there
was to be an official meet.
The Portland JA organiza
tion has spread across the
Columbia river to Vancouver,
where there are four compan
ies and to Camas where there
are two.
When Richard A. F. Ballou,
western regional representa
tive for JA, came to Medford
from San Francisco last De
cember at the request of a
number of civic leaders and
businessmen here, who were
and still are, interested in JA
for Medford, he told them
that Medford is not too small
to have JA.
Could Have Four Firms
At a breakfast meeting at
the Rogue Valley Country
club he told those attending
that Medford could have four
JA companies for an approxi
mate cost of $3,150.
This money would cover
the initial cost of renting a
building in which JA com
panies could meet, buy all
the machinery that companies
need to manufacture their
products and pay. for many
other miscellaneous expenses.
Ballou said four companies
is tne minimum neeaea 10
make the program, worthwhile.
He said the money for the
program would probably be
raised, as it is in most other
cities, from local business and
manufacturing firms.
Are Not Obligated
Those companies contribut
ing money are not obligated
to become sponsors nor is it
necessary for sponsors to con
tribute money.
All money raised for or
made by the local JA organi
zation stays in the community
where it is raised, going for
future JA expansion in the
community, or should the pro
gram never get off the ground
then it will be refunded to its
donors.
The JA organization is non
profit, and doesn't stand to
make a cent, Ballou pointed
out.
The staff of the JA organi
zation in, a community is
made up entirely ol commu
nity people. JA's national
headquarters in New York
will train these persons and
help to get them started, he
said.
Over 85 per cent of all JA
companies make a profit, Bal
lou said, but the profit is in
finitesimal compared to the
educational value that both
the community and the indi
vidual participants receive.
Safety Factor in
Electric Fences
Said Sufficient
New York - (Science Serv
ice) - The safety factor now
used in the design of electric
fences seems to be sufficient,
shock tests on 32 men indi
cate. Widely used on farms to
keep cows out of cornfields,
to stake off temporary pas
tures or to keep hogs from
rooting under permanent
fences, electric fences deliver
pulses of high voltage at low
currents to animals or human
beings touching them.
The electric pulse is strong
enough to cause a person to
"freeze" while touching the
wire. The time lapse between
pulses is a safety factor and
is required to be at least
three-fourths of a second in
length.
Can Release Wirt
This time lapse, during
which the fense is dead, is
long enough to let a man re
lease the wire, Prof. C. F.
Dalziel of the University of
California, Berkeley, told the
American Institute of Electri
cal Engineers meeting here
today.
In carefully controlled
tests, three of the 32 men took
nearly four-tenths of a sec
ond to let go of the wire after
the electric shock. Others
could "unfreeze" in less than
one-tenth of a second.
So the safety factor is
about two for the men with
the slowest reaction, Prof.
Dalziel said.
"This off period has been
used for a number of years
and is considered satisfactory
because of the lack of report
ed accidents involving com
mercial fence controllers," he
said. The time lapse is im
portant because "death is to
be an expected result" if puls
es come so rapidly the victim
cannot let go of the wire, he
said.
Charges Recorded
The engineers also were
told that researchers at the
International Telephone and
Telegraph Laboratories at
Nutley, N.J., have developed
a device tnat automatically
records time and charges on
toll calls. It switches on when
it "hears" a voice answer
the telephone. The Answering
Signal Detector may eventu
ally replace the recorder, now
used on some systems, that
automatically switches on
20 seconds after the last digit
has been dialed whether
the phone is answered or not.
Pure Food Campaign Will Get
Into Accelerated Gear March 6
(Editor's note: The "Great Cran
berry Scare" just before Thanks
giving made the general public
more acutely conscious than ever
before of government efforts to
guard the country's food supply
against contamination. Enforce
ment of pure food laws enters a
new phase on March 6 when an
amendment on food additives,
adopted by Congress last year,
comes into full effect.)
School News
McLoughlin Junior High
By SUZIE LIND
Torch Honor pins arrived
last week for honor society
members. The pins are minia
ture torches, symbolic of high
scholastic achievement.
Washington - A stepped-up
pure food campaign, which
brought a crisis for the cran
berry industry shortly before
Thanksgiving and has since
thrown millions of dollars'
worth of tenderized chicken
off the market, will move into
high gear on March 6. That is
the date when the Food Addi
tives Act of 1958 becomes
fully effective. The new leg
islation forbids food suppliers
to use any non-food substance
in their products unless they
have proved the substance
safe for human consumption
or have been authorized to
use it in a way that will not
be injurious to health.
A special provision of the
new legislation makes unlaw
ful the presence in food of
any substance which has been
found "to induce cancer when
ingested by man or animal."
That clause reinforced exist
ing authority on whi:h
Health, Education and Wei
fare Secretary Arthur S.
Flemming relied when he
warned housewives, Nov. 9,
not to buy cranberries until
certain that those offered for
sale had not been contaminat
ed by aminotriazole, a weed
killer. Aminotriazole had been
found to cause cancer in rats,
and traces of the substance
had been found by food and
drug administration inspec
tors in certain lots of cran
berries. An emergency check
of all cranberries on the mar
ket uncovered 27 contaminat
ed lots, but the great bulk" of
the supply was cleared. How
ever, fears aroused by the
widely publicized affair cut
deeply into normal cranberry
sales.
Confidence Shaken
The furor over cranberries
had not subsided when public
confidence in another staple
food was badly shaken. FDA
announced Dec. 2 that it was
studying the possible effects
on health of using stilbestrol
to fatten cattle and poultry.
Stilbestrol is a female hor
mone known to cause breast
cancer in men when given
in large doses. The poultry in
dustry voluntarily agreed to
stop using the drug and to
withdraw chickens so treated
from the market. It was em
phasized that residues had
been found only in the skin
and internal organs of chick
ens, not in white or dark
meat. And Secretary Flem
ming announced Dec. 22 that
the weight-building hormone
would not be banned in the
case of cattle feed, because
new tests showed no residues
in the flesh of food animals.
The American public had
little protection against con
tamination of its food supply
until 1906. The first national
pure food law, enacted that
year, was directed primarily
against adulteration and false
labeling, unsanitary practices
in food handling, and unregu
lated addition of known pois
ons to processed foods.
Large-scale introduction of
packaged foods at a later date
made for better sanitation but
increased possibilities of de
ception. New enforcement
powers were finally granted
by Congress in the Food, Drug
and Cosmetic Act of 1938.
Soon, however, the regulatory
powers were made inadequate
again by introduction of new
chemicals for use in agricul
ture and food processing and
by extensive growth of the
frozen food industry. The
Pesticide Act of 1954 and the
Food Additives Act of 1958
were put on the books to pro
vide necessary additional
safeguards.
The 1954 law improved
control of chemical residues
on agricultural produce by
PT&T Operators
Honored at Lunch
Report cards were distrib
uted to Mac Junior High stu
dents Wednesday. Honor rolls
will be published this week.
Seventh grade students who
have 3.5 averages and meet
other qualifications will now
be eligible for Torch Honor
membership.
Mike McDonald, Terry An
derson, Betty Lou Hatch, Cas
sie Large, Carole Leon, Shir
ley Epps, Ann Jensen, Karen
Hugdahl, Sharon Hugdahl,
Susan Gordon, Jim Elliott,
Susan' Fox, Cynthia Taylor,
and Carolyn Cole are seventh
graders who are in the final
selection for entertainment to
be presented at the seventh
grade party Friday, Feb. 12,
in the cafeteria. Students are
to come in costume dressed as
someone or something they
would like to be.
Railroads handled 43 per
cent of all freight in the na
tion in 1958 and trucks 20
per cent The rest went by
ship and air.
Judy Zack is chairman for
the ticket sale this week for
"Cupid's Folly," F.H.A. dance
to be held Friday, Feb. 12, in
the girls gym. The naming of
the King and Queen of Hearts
will highlight the evening's
entertainment.
Architect Moves
To New Location
. Architect R. J. Keeney has
moved his offices from 210
Fluhrer building to 310 Med
ical Center building at 33
North Central ave., Medford,
he announced Saturday.
Keeney has been an archi
tect in Medford and Jackson
county for 25 years.
While expanding the offices
the firm has added the ser
vices of F. Jerome Hunter,
who, like Keeney, is a mem
ber of the American Institute
of Architects and is a regis
tered architect. Hunter is a
former Medford resident and
graduate of Medford High
school. He comes to Medford
from Redding, Calif., where
he worked in the architecturl I
al firm of Smart and Clay
baugh. "We needed more space due
to the pressure of work,"
Keeney said. "Our new office
will be more ample and more
adaptable for services re
quired." The new offices include a
large drafting room and in
dividual conference rooms.
Keeney was formerly associ
ated with the late Frank C.
Clark, Medford. architect.
Two operators with the
Medford office of the Pacific
Telephone and Telegraph of
fice were honored during a
recent luncheon given by fel
low workers.
Frela P. Hiatt completed
35 years with the telephone
company in January with a
near perfect attendance rec
ord. She has been with the
Medford office since June,
1948, when she was transfer
red from Grants Pass to Med
ford. The Grants Pass office
was switched to a dial office
at that time.
The veteran operator com
mutes each day from Grants
Pass and usually works the
5 to 11 p.m. shift. During her
telephone career she worked
in Ashland, Klamath Falls,
Yreka, Grants Pass and Med
ford. She was presented with a
service pin honoring her 35th
year of service and a white
orchid. She said she has no
plans for retirement.
Also honored was Colleen
Tokar who recently completed
5 years service in the Med
ford office. She was present
ed a light blue carnation cor
sage by fellow workers and
was given a service pin indi
cating the completion of her
fifth year of service.
authorizing the food and drug
administration to establish
safe tolerance levels for toxic
chemicals that may remain on
food crops after harvesting.
The law applies also to dele
terious substances in animal
feed and forage crops, if resi
dues will be left in the ani
mal product sold for human
consumption.
Enforcement Change
A highly significant change
in enforcement practices is
made by the 1958 law on food
additives. Formerly, the food
and drug administration
could seize food products con
taining substances known to
be harmful and could ban
their continued use in foods.
But it was up to the govern
ment to prove that inclusion
of the substance in question
constituted a hazard to health.
Now the burden of proof is
shifted to the producer and
user of a food additive. Un
der the 1958 law. a product
containing an additive cannot
be legally marketed until the
producer has demonstrated its
safety.
Under the additive law,
FDA is authorized to estab
lish tolerance levels for par
ticular additives and to ban
use of some of them entirely;
banning of cancer - inducing
agents is required however
minute the quantity,. More
than 700 different food addi
tives are in use today. Many
of them are harmless and may
be so listed by FDA. In the
case of additives not known to
be harmless, producers have
to petition FDA for a regula
tion specifically setting forth
the amount that may be pres
ent in a particular food prod
uct. -- ; '
Applies to All
The law applied in the first
instance only to additives in
troduced after Jan. 1, 1958.
Starting March 6, it will an
ply to all additives. Because
the food industry has lagged
in applying for clearances.
some familiar food products
may become suddenly un
available after the first week
of March. This will not neces
sarily mean that the product
is harmful, only that it con
tains an ingredient not yet
cleared. One-year extensions
on clearance may be granted
for additives whose use does
not involve undue risk to
health, but in the case of
other additives extensions will
be granted only on a show
ing that reasonable efforts
have been made to develop
data on their effects and that
more time is needed to com
plete necessary tests.
122 Flu Cases
Reported in City
Influenza cases reported in
Medford totaled 122 for the
week ending Feb. 5, Dr. C. I.
Drummond, county public
health officer, reported Sat
urday. Ashland was second with
34 cases reported. Shady Cove
reported 20 cases. Central
Point 10, Phoenix 1, and
Rogue River 2.
Evans Valley topped the
list in number of cases of
chicken pox reported, 16.
Gold Hill had 4 and Ashland
and Medford 1 each.
Other cases reported during
the week were 12 cases of
measles in Ashland, 2 in Cen
tral Point and 1 in Gold Hill;
1 case of scarlet fever in Ash
land, 1 case of mumps in
Medford: 2 cases of measles
in Gold Hill, and 3 cases each
in Ashland and Medford.
Central Point reported 1
case of infectious hepatitis.
Medford 1 case of tuberculo
sis and Medford and Central
Point 1 case each of pneumo
nia. Ashland had 1 case of
whooping cough.
Man Charged With
Negligent Homicide
Salcm-drii - Charles Lynn
Foland, 18. Hubbard, wa
charged with negligent homi
cide Friday in a traffic crash
which claimed the life of a
Portland man.
Killed in the accident wai
George H. Wolfe, 66. The
crash occurred on Highway
99 near Woodburn New Year' a
day. Foland entered a plea
of innocent and was released
on $3,500 bond peding trial.
RENTALS AND SALES
Hudson's Pharmacy
613 E. Main Ph. SP 3-S34S
Open Sun.-Holidays 1 0 am to 9'pm
Weekdays 9:30 am to 10 pm
. Mac students were surprised
when they received the third
publication of the Junior
Quill this year. Printing proc
esses have been changed and
students are now receiving a
newspaper comparable in
style to high school papers.
Printed on newsprint. Junior
Quill now boasts an extra
column and two more inches
in height. With this bigger
and better paper, also come
problems for the reporters.
More stories are needed to
fill the required number of
inches reporters need toward
getting their journalism pins.
First year reporters get cub
pins, second year, journeyman
pins, and third year reporters.
star pins.
Deadline for Dog
Licenses Nears
Last date for buying dog
licenses without paying a S2
penalty is Feb. 29, Chris Hag-
ler, county dog control offi
cer said Saturday.
License fee for male dogs
and spayed females is $1.50
and S3 for unspayed females.
All tags must be on the dogs
this year, he cautioned, or
the dogs will be picked up
and held in the dog pound at
2872 Howard ave.,, Medford.
Licenses can be obtained at
the county clerk's office in
the Jackson county court
house in Medford, at the dog
pound, and at Phoenix, Tal
ent, Jacksonville and Ashland
police departments.
Licenses may also be
bought at Jacksonville's Ras
mussen's Super Service gas
station, Applegate Shopping
Center, Gail's Market, Gold
Hill; Rogue River Feed and
Farm Supplies, Eagle Point
city hall, Butte Falls city re
corder's office, Cove Valley
Supply at Shady Cove, and
Boothby's Sporting Goods at
Prospect.
Local Trailer Park
Listed in Guide
Aldrich Trailer ranch,
4425 Jacksonville highway,
Medford, is listed in the 1960
61 MHMA Travel and Va
cation Trailer Park guide
published by the Mobile
Homes Manufacturers' association.
"This is the second guide
of its kind pinpointing and
describing locations coast-to-coast
where travel trailer en
thusiasts may park their
trailers overnight or for
short periods." according to
Edward L. Wilson, MHMA
managing director.
The trailer ranch is one of
1,697 privately owned travel
and trailer and mobile home
parks listed in the guide
which serves the travel trail
er public. Parking sites at
815 national and state parks,
monuments and forests are
described also together with
parking areas in Alaska,
Mexico and Canada.
CORN REMOVER
mttaiti foKof from pM om
Ireohr nwtti Kord corn v. soft
bttwosn teas, collovus. war,
papilloma, club noik. It contains sow
rot difforont oik mat soften. In mm
Whoa of
do strong odd mixtures.
omors now foiled try tWt
our Ivmoa Roliof. wKidt
pom, soranots, swelling first or socond
eppftcotion Bath romsdios sold oa
if bock guarantee
Exclusively at
WESTERN THRIFT
2100
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Our Beautiful New
MORTUARY
Now Open!
JOE HOSICK
Funeral Director
OUR CHAPEL
Seats 120 persons in beautiful new, com
fortable pews. Away from ihe street noises,
this peaceful location lends the reverent
atmosphere intended for this solemn occasion.
Investigate and Save
SISKIYOU
FUNERAL SERVICE
PHONE il SP 2.5488
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Siskiyou Memorial Park
ONLY
MEMBER OREGON INTERMENT ASSOCIATION
IN MEDFORD
ALL WITHIN
605 HIGHLAND