Korean Conflict, Red China's Rise Highlight Decade's Events in Asia
Tokyo - (UPD - Asia in the
1950s became no longer "the
mysterious East."
Communist China assumed
the status of a world power.
Japan recovered from war
time defeat to become an in
dustrial giant. The United Na
tions invoked its first "police
action" against agression in
Korea.
The Far East survived the
."brink" of threatened war
fare in the deadlocked con
test between Communist and
Nationalist China.
Some nations began ca
reers as independent states,
including Pakistan, Malaya
and South Viet Nam.
Mostly, -it was a good dec
ade for the people of Asia.
Living standards rose; most
had enough to eat. Wages
went up, though this was
offset partly by higher prices.
TV in Japan
Standards of living were
relative. In Japan, television
sets and washing machines be
came standard household it
ems. But in some underde
veloped nations of southeast
Asia, a full stomach was the
mark of plenty.
The big problem was the
population "explosion." In al
most every country, the soar
ing birth rate became a so
ciological and economic wor
ry. Probably the most signif
icant event of the decade in
Asia was the ascendency of
Communist China to the fore
front of nations, despite its
domestic p o li c i e s which
brought untold suffering to its
650 million people.
One of these its infamous
commune system created
probably the greatest mass up
heval of people in history.
Chinese Active
The Communist Chinese
army that drove Generalis
simo Chiang Kai-Shek and his
Nationalists from the China
mainland to Formosa was ac
tive throughout the decade.
The Korean war saw thou
sands of Red Chinese "volun
teer" troops join with North
Korean forces which had
crossed the 38th parallel and
invaded South Korea on June
25, 1950. The invasion, op
posed by U.N. "police action,"
ended with the signing of a
truce on July 27, 1953.
After Korea, Red Chinese
aggression turned to the fight
ing between the French and
Communist rebels in Indo-
China. On May 7, 1954, Dien
bienphu, manned by French
forces waiting hopefully for
I ) 4-21-30-44
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31-60-75 -
Old Wine-Making Plant
Discovered in Palestine
Philadelphia - (Science
Service) - A win e-making
plant, complete with storage
space for a total of 30,000 gal
lons of wine, has been found
near the famous well of Gib
eon, at the modern village el
Jib, Palestine.
The 2,600-year-old winery,
probably the oldest in the
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world, was discovered when
handles from wine jars found
in the well suggested further
investigation. Each handle
bore the name and address of
the maker of the wine, indi
cating that ancient Gibeon
was a wine industry center.
In the course of the excava
tion, 38 unusual small vats
were found cut out of lime
stone bedrock. Each one has
a small opening of about 29
inches in diameter that could
be covered with a stone. Each
measures about 6 feet in di
ameter and averages 7 feet,
4 inches in depth. The scien
tists decided they had served
as cellars for storing and ag
ing the wine.
Broken Pieces Found
Hundreds of broken pieces i
from storage jars were found
in one cellar. In another,
which had been covered by a
stone, a whole jar was found.
Here the wine could be kept
at a temperature of 65 degrees
even during the hottest part
of Palestine's summer.
A number of funnels, found
in the cellar, had apparently
been used for transferring the
wine from larger jars into
smaller ones for export. Stop
pers for the jars also turned
up, but the scientists who ex
cavated the area were reason
ably sure these could not have
provided the air-tight seal
necessary to keep wine from
spoiling while in storage.
Possible Answer
A wine maker at a nearby
monastery provided a possible
answer. If olive oil is poured
on top of wine in a jar or
bottle, a seal is provided, he
said. The finding of two olive
presses on the site confirmed
this answer. Wine presses,
dipping basins and stone
troughs were part of the wine
making equipment found.
The expedition to Gibeon
was sponsored by the Univer
sity Museum of the University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
under the direction of Dr.
James B. Pritchard. His re
port appears in the journal
Expedition.
Red fife, the first Canadian
rust-resistant wheat, was de
veloped by David Fife of
Peterborough, Ont., who died
in 1877.
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U.S. aid which never came,
fell to the Red rebels and a
truce signed at Geneva ' two
months later gave the Reds
the northern half of Viet Nam
. As the decade ended, Chi
nese troops were making
threatening moves against In
dian territory (and sorely test
ing India's policy of "neutrali
ty" between Peiping and the
West). Red guerrilla forces
had edged into Laos from
North Viet Nam, and the Chi
nese had taken over in Tibet,
forcing the Dalai Lama to flee
into India.
From the China mainland,
Communist artillery hurled
thousands of tons of shells on
the island of Quemoy and
Matsu in the Prescadores, Na
tionalist bastions protecting
Chiang's fortress at Formosa.
Ike's Request OK'd
Amid rumors of an impend
ing invasion, the U.S. Con
gress on Jan. 26, 1955, ap
proved a request by President
Eisenhower for emergency
powers to permit U.S. forces
to protect Formosa. The U.S.
7th fleet was dispatched to
patrol the Formosa Straits.
Meanwhile, the Philippines
forged slowly ahead as "the
show window, of democracy"
jn Asia. Perhaps its greatest
setback was the death March
17, 1959, of its greatest post
war leader, President Ramon
Magsaysay, in a plane crash.
Carlos P. Garcia succeeded
him as president and as the
decade ended was fighting to
weather an economic storm.
But it was Red China that
made itself most deeply felt
on the rest of the world dur
ing the 1950's even the Unit
ed States although it technic
ally didn't even recognize ex
istence of the Peiping regime.
In addition to shoring up
Nationalist defenses on and
around Formosa, the U.S.
fought successfully to prevent
the Communist Chinese from
"shooting" their way into the
United Nations. It also ban
ned American trade and man
aged to reduce Allied trade
with Peiping.
Treaty Formed
And, in 1955, the U.S. band
ed together with Britain,
France, Australia, New Zea
land, the Philippines and
Thailand in the Southeast
Asia Defense Treaty, which
was primarily designed to
thwart Reg aggression.
It was a turbulent decade.
Rebel forces made things un
conmf ortable for President
Sukarno of Indonesia, Paki
stanstill squabbling bitterly
with Nehru over Kashmir,
which became part of India in
1957 saw the military gain
greater control over the coun
try. There -were bloodless
coups in Thailand.
For Japan, World War II
officially ended in 1951 when
Tokyo signed a peace treaty
with the U.S. and 48 other
nations. Five years later, even
Russia ended its technical
state of war with Japan,
which became the 80th mem
ber of the U.N.
The decade also saw Japan
fiequently break out into po
litical chaos (the continued ex
istence of U.S. bases was most
often the issue) but the coun
try grew by leaps and bounds
economically. And to top it
all. Crown Prince Akihito got
married in 1959 to a com
moner. i
MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or.
Thursday, Jan. 7, 1960
West Virginia has about
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HAWTHORNE MARKET
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WE HAVE OVER 700 PAIRS OF SHOES TO OFFER YOU AT REAL SAVINGS! THESE SHOES ARE FROM HIGHER
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School Boys' Seryice Oxfords
Girls' Convertible Strap Sandals
Girls' Lightweight Suede Oxfords
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January Clearance prices. Built for long rugged wear. Sanitized
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all sizes! Please shop early.