New Era Will Be Characterized By Tighter Pollution Control
Br ALLEN LONG
Science Service Staff Writtr
Copyright 1959 by
x Science Service. Inc.
(Last in a series on
Air Pollution)
We are witnessing the dawn
of a new era. It vill be char
acterized by tighter controls
over air and water pollution.
The new era is slowly emerg
ing from the laboratories of
scientists and engineers with
new advances in equipment
for controlling pollutants.
The need for such controls
is apparent: Our present popu
lation of 177,000,000 is expect
ed to reach 220,000,000 in 10
years. Our gross national
product is expected to climb
from $450 billion to $765 bil
lion in this same period. To
day, expenditures for research
run about $12 billion; by then
research expenditures should
hit about $30.6 billion .
All this adds up to new and
more exciting consumer prod-ucts-and
strange, new types of
pollutants in our air and wa
ter. Considering this growth,
180 cities of 50,000 popula
tion or more already have or
can expect to have shortly,
enough of an air pollution
problem to warrant year
round attention by full-time
personnel.
Pollution Problems
Nor is air pollution the bane
only of large cities. An esti
mated total of 10,000 commu
nities in the U.S. already have
air pollution problems. Many
of them are small, one-industry
towns where, say, a lum
ber mill or a cosmetic plant
is the only industry.-
Phoenix, Ariz., exemplifies
the alert city looking toward
the dawn of a new era. Phoe
nix expects a greater concen
tration of industry In the
years ahead. It already is es
tablishing zoning laws on the
theory that advance planning
is less costly than hindsight
clean-up. These zoning laws
are based on weather and geo
graphic considerations, as well
as permissible density of pop
ulation and industry.
On the other hand, a city
of 82,000 in Illinois lacks
many basic measures that con
tribute to clean air. It fails to
require use of even the inex
pensive Ringelmann Chart -which
indicates the shade of
smoke. This device permits ob
servation of smoke plumes
from apartment house coal-
fired heating or power plants.
The chart enables the user to
determine the efficiency of
combustion by the cleanliness
of smoke.
Incomplete Combustion
Black smoke represents in
complete combustion ineffi
ciency, wasted fuel dollars. A
simple adjustment on the fur
nace to feed more air to the
fire will minimize "fallout"
from coal smoke. In Pitts
burgh smoke clean-up is esti
mated to save each person $41
a year largely because of
better cumbustion.
Air pollution is a peculiarly
local problem! and no nation
al panacea exists. Various in
dustries such as the electric
power, chemical, iron and
steel, oil and automobile man
ufacturing have spent mil
lions of dollars on highly spe
cialized equipment needed to
control their own particular
pollutant emissions.
In many instances, heavy
clouds of black smoke no long
er belch from tall stacks. In
these cases, this nuisance has
been cleaned up. But another
nuisance remains - the gase
ous sulfur and nitrogen com
pounds, among others, that in
visibly escape into the air and
attack property and, it is be-
lieved, health.
Dealing With Menace
Finding economical ways of
dealing with this menace is
one of the top-drawer projects
for researchers. Many of the
compounds are relatively in
ert, making it difficulty to
trap them easily. Perhaps a
glimmer of hope is beginning
to shine from the auto indus
try's research labs that even
these invisible agents can be
controlled.
The automobile is fingered
by the U.S. Public Health
Service as being our biggest,
single source of future wide
spread pollution. Ftom the au
tomobile come hydrocarbons
that under certain weather
and geographic conditions
make eye-smarting smog and
chemicals corrosive to metals.
Up to 30 per cent of these hy
drocarbons escape from the
car's fuel system - it's carbu
retor float bowl, and fuel
tank. Some escape from the
crankcase, but most are spew
ed out the tailpipe.
Responding to growing pres
sure, automobile makers have
stepped up research' to pro
duce three possible exhaust
cleaners now in the prototype
stage. One is a flame-type aft
erburner designed to kill
"live" fuel leaving the engine.
The second is a low-temperature
catalytic converter de
signed to oxidize hydrocar
bons. The third is a high-tem
perature catalytic converter
Reductions in hydrocarbon
and carbon monoxide emis
sions achieved experimentally
with these exhaust cleaners
ran from 60 per cent to 90 per
cent.
Eventual Control
But eventual control even
of all automobile exhaust gas
es does not mean the air pol
lution problem will be licked.
Instead it will mean that one
more source has been smacked
hard by joint citizen and in
dustry action. Attention then
can be focused on new offend
ers growing out of further na
tional progress. k
It appears that we may be
destined to live the rest of
our lives in pollution. It is a
costly problem and cannot be
ignored.
Experts believe our chief
challenge today is to go after
all sources with the many de
vices and controls now com
mercially available. The chal
lenge, they say, is to develop
new and better ways of elimi
nating pollutants. The chal
lenge is to improve the air we
breathe-or at least "hold the
line" so that it does not grow
vastly worse.
This challenge rests with
the people-who may have to
give up leaf burning and back
yard incineration.
It rests with local "govern-ments-who
must be keenly
appreciative of such anti-smog
remedies as one-way streets
to keep traffic moving.
It rests with state govern-ments-who
must assist local
communities meet their prob
lems, both technically and
with laws.
And, finally, it rests with
the Federal Government -which,
because of its facilities
and knowledge, can offer ad
vice and help to the states,
towns and . citizens who re
quest it.
Desert Toads Develop
Faster Than Relatives
San Diego, Calif.-Science
Service)- Desert toads devel
op much faster than their rela
tives in wet, marshy areas,
Dr. W. Frank Blair of the Uni
versity of Texas told scien
tists here at the American
Society of Ichthyologists and
Herpetologists meeting.
Living in the desert means
the toads must take advantage
of infrequent rain falls for
breeding, hatching and meta
morphosis from tadpole to
frog. Complete metamorpho
sis can take only nine days,
compared with as much as
two years in a bullfrog. Male
desert toads have also devel-
AMBUSH SUSPECTS HELD
Heirut - (UPE - The govern
ment announced Tuesday
night that it had arrested 49
persons suspected of com
plicity in the assassination of
Lebanese Parliamentary Dep
uty Nairn Mougabgab. Mou
gabgab, a strong supporter of
former president Camille
Chamoun, was fatally wound
ed in an ambush Monday
night.
The tolls for the new St.
Lawrence Seaway have been
agreed upon and are scaled to
pay for the cost of the project
in 50 years.
oped a louder mating call, for
"getting all the toads together."
8
MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford Or.
B Thursday, July 30, 1959
Bicycle Theft Ring
Broken in Salem
Salem (DPD - Six Salem
youths between 12 and 15
were arrested here Tuesday
as city detectives broke up
an alleged bicycle theft ring.
Police said the boys had
taken the bicycles apart and
repainted them.
All six were cited to ap
pear in Juvenile Court Aug. 3.
Eight bicycles, stolen parts
and paint were confiscated,
police said.
Cotopaxi volcano in Ecua
dor is 19,344 feet high.
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Court Records
MUNICIPAL. COURT
Jess D. Janssen. disobeyed atop
sign. $5.
Joann Jamison, expired license
plates. S2.50.
Cora E. Vinson, violation of basie
rule. $10.
Paul Sparling, improper left turn.
55.
' Dale L. Smith, violation of basic
rule, $10.
Bessie L. King,- failed to yield
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Travis Z. Moore, no operator's
license in possession. $15.
- Jay W. Taylor, expired license
plates. $2.50.
John P. Walsh, expired license
plates. $2.50.
DISTRICT COURT
Dave L. McAnalley, no vehicle
license. $10.
John H. Flett, improper license,
$6.
Kenneth D. Robertson, inadequate
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Raymond E. West, no PUC per
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Theodore 1. Anderson, racing on
a public highway. $55.
Glenn A Backes, failure to stop,
$10.
Cecil Li. Johnson, overheight,
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Justin 1m. Wolfe, failure to stop,
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Myrtle R. Davis, failure to stop,
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CIRCUIT COURT ,,.
Betty Ann Gregory vs. William
Herbert Gregory, divorce decree.
Sylvia D. Phillips vs. Otas A.
Phillips, divorce complaint
Vicky Garboden vs. Dennis Gar
bod en, divorce complaint.
- Rov E. Herrick vs. Beryle M.
Herrick. divorce complaint.
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