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1 C MAIt TRIBUNE, MeoW, Or.
10 Monday, July 13. 1959
Wardrobe Wonder
. one day of easy sewing
brings you a fresh, pretty look
every day of summer. Wide,
- scooped neckline in airy and
flattering above fitted waist
and flowing skirt. Choose
cotton, silk. Tomorrow's pat
tern: Misses' outfit.
Printed Pattern 9097: Miss
es Sizes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20.
Size 16 dress takes 3 yards
39-inch.
Printed directions on each
pattern part. Easier, accurate.
; Send thirty - fir einti
(coins) for this pattern - add
10 cents for each pattern for
first-class mailing. Send to
Marian Martin, Medford Mail
Tribune, Pattern Dept., 232
West 18th St., New York 11,
N. Y. Print plainly NAME,
ADDRESS, SIZE and STYLE
NUMBER.
Monrovia, capital of Liberia,
was named for ' President
James Monroe.
Atomic Mant Expected To Mastem '
EcomiomDcal Power .'About To lie BuSBt
By JOSEPH L. MYLER
UPI Correspondent
- Washington (UPD - A new
kind of atomic plant that is
expected to hasten the day of
ecenomical nuclear power is
about to rise on the east bank
of the Miami River in Piqua,
Ohio.
l It will be the first atomic
plant operated by a municipal
agency and the first practical
power reactor using organic
materials to modertae'the fis
sion process and translate its
head into steam.
The plant, for which con
struction and operating con
tracts were signed in June, is
scheduled to be operating at
full power in December, 1961
It will generate 11,400 kilo
watts of electricity for Piq
ua s power system. It is ex
pected to serve the city for at
least 20 years..
AEC To Own Plant
The Piqua plant was born
of the Atomic Energy Com
mission's power reactor dem
onstration program. The AEC
is putting up $14,100,000 for
it and will be the plant's own
er. Atomics International,' a
division of North American
Aviation,' Inc., is building the
reactor under an AEC contract.
The city of Piqua supplied
the site and will provide the
turbogenerator and other non-
nuclear equipment at an esi
mate cost of about four mil
lion dollars. The city has con
tracted to buy steam from the
AEC for five years. Presum
ably, if the plant succeeds as
expected, this contract will
be renewed.
According to AEC Chair
man John A. McCone, the
kind of reactor to be built
at Piqua "has promise for the
achievement of economic nu
clear . power." According to
Atomics International, it is
one of the most promising"
of all power reactor types
thus far proposed.
Approval Delayed
The Piqua project took
nearly 3J4 years to reach the
contract-signing stage. Safety
considerations delayed final
approval. This was due in
part to the plant's novel de
sign.
Reactors like those in atom
ic submarines and the big
power plant at Shippingport,
Pa., are moderated by gra
phite and cooled by water un
der pressure. In the Piqua
plant a mixture of terphenyls,
consisting of hydrogen ' and
carbon in chemical combina
tion, will serve as both mod
erator and coolant.
Molten terphenyl will slow
neutrons in the nuclear re
action to their most efficient
speeds and then, flowing from
the reactor core, will trans
fer heat to an exchanger
where it will convert water
into steam to run the electri
cal generator.
A big advantage of organic
moderated . and cooled react
ors is that they can produce
fairly high steam temperatures
at comparatively low pres
sures. This is because of the
high boiling point of the hy
drocarbon. Organic material
does not become highly radio
active m a reactor. Nor does
it present the corrosion prob
lem posed by many other cool
ants. ,
Built-in Safety Factor
Because it is liquid at op
erating temperatures, the hy
drocarbon is a built-in safety
factor. A sudden surge of
power would cause it to bub
ble, thus lowering its moder
ating efficiency and slowing
the reaction.
In addition, the hydrocar
bon -does not .readily absorb
neutrons, which are the indis
pensable agents of atomic fis
sion. This "neutron economy"
makes it possible to use urani
um enriched only about 1.8
per cent in fissionable U-235.
Piqua proposed the plant
early in 1956. The AEC auth
orized contract negotiations in
September of that year. On
May 2, 1958, the commission
announced agreement with
the city and Atomics Inter
national on what the proposed
contracts should cover. -
Then a hitch developed. On
Aug.-4, 1958, the commis
sion's advisory committee on"
reactor, safeguards, newly
created by Congress, an
nounced "the tentative view
. .-. that the site is not a
suitable one." vs.
Site Approved
' The proposed site was next
to the Piqua municipal power
plant on the west side of the
Miami River. The advisory
committee felt that in view
of the plant's untried design,
this was too close to the cent
er of population. . -
The city proposed another
site, across the river on the
east bank and about 700 feet
from the power plant. The
advisory committee in all held
about six meetings , on the
Piqua project.
Finally, at a session on May
14-15 of this year, the com
mittee okayed the site "as
not creating an undue public
risk" although it said it did
"not look with favor upon the
location of power reactors
immediately adjacent to pop
ulated areas." '; -.-;
The committee conditioned
its approval of the site on re
vision of the design to include
a steel containment sphere to
prevent spread of radioactiv:
lty in the event of an acci
dent.
The AEC announced June
5 that it had signed the con
tracts with the city and. the
company. It said, however,
that it will permit operation
of the plant "only after all
. , safety standards have
been fully complied with."
The schedule calls for the
plant to be completed in July
1961. The fission reaction is
scheduled to start in August,
1961," and build up to full
power operation in December,
1961.. . .
Resumed in June
Meanwhile, research and
development will continue on
an experimental organic re
actor built in 1957 by Atomics
International at the AEC's
reactor test station in Idaho.
This reactor operated for
several months last year. It
resumed test operation this
June with a new fuel loading
which includes some fuel ele
ments like those to be used
at Piqua.
One difficulty with organic
coolants is that they "tend to
break down chemically under
the influence of heat. Atomics
International plans to over
come this difficulty by divert
ing the coolant flow, through
a still which will remove any
breakdown products that
might clog the machinery.
: Atomics International esti
mates that a reactor of the
Piqua type can produce elec
tricity at a cost of .18.5 mills
per kilowatt hour. Much larg
er organic reactors, capable
of producing 300,000 . kilo
watts of electricity, might
bring this cost down around
8.13 mills.
: Power ' costs in U.S. coal
fired plants of comparable
size have been estimated' at
6.9 to 7.4' mills" per kilowatt
hour. ' '
Not Competitive ; , '
...The estimatets for the Piq
ua plant make it clear it will
not be competitive in this
country. But, according to
Atomics International, 18.5
mills "is equivalent to power
costs from conventional plants
in many parts of the world"
where fuel costs are high.
Euratom, the six - nation
European organization which
hopes with U.S. help to build
nuclear plants, with about one
million kilowatts of . electrical
generating capacity by the
end of the 1963, has shown in
terest in the organic reactor
concept.
And Atomics International
recently signed a contract to
provide the British firm, Eng
lish Electric Co., with tech
nical information on. the
manufacture and sale of or
ganic nuclear power react
ors." t .:
Bring Outdoors In
aa
Baker Democrats
Elect Attorney.
Baker (UPD H. B. (Bard)
Johnson has been elected, by
the Baker County Democratic
committee as chairman. '
Johnson, a 37-year-old at
torney; succeeds G. Lowell
Fuller, who has resigned.
'9097.
SIZES
try tirelICvnvH
Be an artist! . Embroider
these colorful bird-panels to
spark your decorating
scheme. -
Pair up these slim, modern
panels to brighten a room
with Nature's own vivid col
orings. Pattern 7231: transfer
of panels 8 x 21 inches; color
schemes.
Send Thirty . five cents
(coins) for this pattern - add
5' cents for each pattern tor
lst-class mailing. Send to
Medford Mail Tribune, House
hold Arts Dept., P.O. Box 168,
Old Chelsea Station, New
York 11, N.' Y. Print plainly
NAME, ADDRESS, PAT
TERN NUMBER.
Our J959 ALICE BROOKS
Needlecraft Catalogue has
many lovely designs to order;
crocheting, knitting, embroid
ery, quilts, : dolls, weaving. A
special gift, in the catalog to
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Couple on Trial
For Strangulations
San Diego, Calif. - (DPD -Plump,
plain Wanda Brog
don, 33, and her lover, Ken
neth Archie Merriam, 36, go
on trial today on charges of
strangling her two small sons
because they -..-ere a "bother."
The bodies . of 5-year-old
Virgil Jr., and r 3-year-old
David were found May 5. in
the back seat of the couple's
car, parked at the Spring Val
ley .Xalif., home of Merriam's
sister, Mrs. Margaret Schmit
ter. ' ; - .. .
"They were always getting
into trouble," said Merriam,
a jobless house painter from
Rockford, IU. "They were
noisy and out of control." "
The. couple, described by
psychiatrists' as persons of
border-line intelligence, wpre
indicted by the grand jury
and found sane May 26 after
a four-day civil sanity hear
ing. '.' : -
keep a child happily occupied
-a cutout doll and clothes to
color: Send 25 cents for your
copy of the book.
ADMIRALTY LAWYER DIES
Scarsdale, N. Y. - UPD - J
Newton Nash, 60, noted ad
miralty lawyer, died here
Sunday. Nash was counsel and
a director of the Belgian
Chamber of Commerce in New
York City.
ECONOMIST 'DIES '
Washington -(UPD- Vladimir !
Kolesnikoff, 73, economist
and administrator, died here
Sunday. He came to this coun
try from Russia in 1921. Until
retiring in 1956, he worked
for. the Bureau of the Budget,
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