o
o
The Inquiring Mind
This series of articles, on many different subjects,
results from work br senior students at the school of
journalism at the University of Oregon. Each is a con
densed version of a full-length thesis written as partial
requirement for graduation at the schooL
THE AMERICAN JURY
SYSTEM ON TRIAL
By Christy Schoellenbach
The judge, the lawyer, or
the layman who defends the
jury system as it exists in the
United States today is having
a hard time being heard,. The
shouts of referm are loud,
very loud, and ring true.
The proponents of the jury
system feel that any change
would be tampering wth our
democratic heritage. The re
formers insist that, like many
traditions, the jury system has
become a parlor antique and
should be cleaned and made
functional or else stored in
the pages of a history book.
The legal authorities who
demand reform insist that
hero i mprir in th oresent
criticism of the jury system
i but stand firm in their convic
tion that reform or correction
is the only answer and that
complete, abolition of the sys
tem would go beyond the
realm of good reason. '
Major Complaints
Some of the major com
plaints thrown against the ju
ry system are these:
That professional and busi
ness people who might be ex
pected to become excellent ju-
That the courts treat jurors
"like rookies in an army
camp, leaving them sitting
around musty corridors and
waiting rooms and spending
most of their time waiting for
something to do."
That jurors cannot be ex
pected to interpret the law be
cause he is lacking in knowl
edge of basic legal terminolo
gy and courtroom procedure.
System to Continue
In the face of these criti
cisms, proponents of the jury
system still maintain their be
lief that the jury system will
continue to flourish. The con
census of legal authorities is
that the jury system fulfills
an important role in Ameri
can justice and that it cannot
be replaced. As a law student
put it recently: "At present
the jury system" is badly in
need of repair but the founda
tion on which it was built is
good and it would0be well
worth the effort to repair it.
To give it up would be to
throw away a perfectly good
start and begin again from
scratch-it just wouldn't make
sense. Besides, without it Per
ry Mason would be a flop!"
The system of trial by jury
is an ancient one. It has un
dergone many changes and
still is changing as the states
experiment with methods for
accomodating to 20th century
ways of life the practices
brought to this country from
England.
Consist of Neighbors
As it was developed in me
dieval England, the theory
was that the jury should con
sist of neighbors of the ac
cused in order that they might
be more familiar with the cir
cumstances of the crime and
the character of the defend
ant. One radical change in mod
ern, methods is that today the
neighbor who knows the de
ftndant and has any personal
. knowledge of the case is
Ifcrred from sitting as a juror.
The modern system for pick
ing jurors, a procedure recom
mended by top authorities on
the subject, is a grand lottery.
The theory is to reach out into
th community and call to
(jury service men and women
of good reputation and sense.
Eligible for Selection
f"o be eligible for selection,
Oftft -fitatp of Oregon remiirps
hft.t one must be a citizen of
the United States, an inhabi
tant of the county for the year
preceding, over 21 years of
Bge, of "sound mind" and free
from a criminal record.
The complaint that profes
sional and business people
Irho might be expected to be
come excellent jurors seldom
serve is well founded. State
laws deny the courts the serv
ices of many highly educated
jurors by exempting no few
er than 70 occupational groups
from jury duty.
. Oregon's list of automatic
exemptions is . considerably
shorter than those of most
other states. Oregon allows
only seven occupational
.groups automatic exemptions,
including attornies, p h y s i
cians, dentists," optometrists,
chiropractors, u n d e rtakers,
firemen, and active members
of the Oregon National Guard.
$!ter Exemptions
Other states' exemptions in
clude clergymen, teachers, ed
itors, reporters, engineers, ac
countants and professional
mblers.
The criticism of the long
Sumption lists is that they
Are defeating the purpose of
tr$j jury system-to render a
verdict that is representative
of the entire, community.
Crancis Wellman, author of
sveral books on legal proced
ure, suggests this corrective
advice: "Repeal practically all
of these exceptions, excepting
0octo and lawyers. Put all
the names into the jury ball6t
wheel along with the others;
the average intelligence will
automatically rise 50 per cent
by this one act alone. When
these men who have always
had the privilege of exemp
tion once find themselves
serving on juries . . . the fas
cination of the work will
probably appeal to them to
such an extent that they will
very likely wonder, 'what's
all the shouting for- about the
jury system?' "
Authorities Agreed
The nation's judicial author
ities are agreed that one of
the most important steps that
could be taken to improve the
jury system would be to give
more consideration to the in
terest and comfort of the ju
rors. Jurors are not apt to be
happy about being called
away from their regular jobs,
frequently at a considerable
loss of pay, only to be left
waiting around courthouses,
sometimes without even being
called to serve on a panel.
Jurors who are awaiting ex
amination prior to final selec
tion are in most cases forced
to remain in the courthouse,
Courthouse facilities for these
jurors usually include one
large room furnished with
wooden chairs, a couple of ash
trays, and a few old maga
zines. Provide Facilities
Critics of this situation
point to the United States
Courthouse i n Washington,
D.C., for the conditions they
consider ideal. To make jury
service more attractive, a lo
cal civic campaign has provid
ed numerous facilities ifi the
luxury class.
District, of Columbia jurors
have a waiting room that is
furnished with V:omfortable
furniture, a library with books
and magazines and a T.V.
room - all courtesy of various
civic groups.
The federal rate for jurors'
pay is only $7: most states
vary between $3 and 10. Ore
gon pays $7.50.. The experts
who have studied jury pay
conditions suggest a minimum
rate of $10 a day. When jurors
are forced to, remain over
night they should receive $20
for the 25-hour period plus a
maximum expense allowance
of $5. This, the reformers feel,
would only be fair recom
pense for" the juror's loss of
time and pay during jury
service.
Severest Criticism
One of the severest criti
cisms of the present jury sys
tem is directed at the juror
himself. Critics claim that in
many cases the juror is un
aware of his purpose as a ju
ror and that his unfamiliarity
with the most basic legal
terms and courtroom proceed
ings hinder him in rendering
a fair and just verdict. A re
cent study showed that the
average juror did not know
the meaning of such terms as
defendant, circumstantial evi
dence, and plaintiff.
A suggestion for the better
ment of the- juror's under
standing of the processes in
volved in jury duty would
require a course of study in
high school that explained the
purpose of the jury system,
its mechanics, and the basic
terminology of the courtroom.
This course could easily be
incorporated into the usual
high school senior civics class.
A further requirement
would be that the juror have
a high school education or
the equivalent knowledge. His
study of the jury system could
easily be refreshed by reading
the juror's handbook which
most states furnish jurors.
Not Too Old To Change
The right of trial by jury,
ancient as it is," still is not
too old to -change. Criticism
of conventional jury practices
has led in many states to ex
perimentation with new meth
ods which reformers hope will
make trial by jury more ef
fective and save it from pos
sible abandonment.
Oregon's jury system is
among the most progressive
in the nation. In the past
30 years it has cut its number
of exemptions by two-thirds.
The state has become consci
ous of its courthouses and
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Crater Lake National Park
"' ' i ' MV 9 - iy 1 m
RADICAL NEW CONSTRUCTION - This 15-story building
at Palo Alto, Calif., is being erected by a new method de
veloped in Sweden and now being used for the first time in
the U. S. The central core of the building, shown here, is
constructed first, using poured concrete and a moving "slip
form" (top) which moves upward at the rate of one inch every
five minutes. When the core is completed, the rest of the
building is added from the center out, everything being
hoisted into place by a crane on top of the core. This system
requires a crew of about 15 men for the entire job, as con
trasted with about a hundred needed under the regular
system.
TV's Desilu Playhouse
Had Too Many Kind Spies
' By WILLIAM EWALD
UPI Correspondent
New York (DPD I knew
things were going badly right
off Monday night when the
Gestapo grab
bed kindly
old Dr. Brun
ner only five
minutes into
CBS-TV's Des
ilu Playhouse.
Kindly old
Dr. Brunner
was a spy, on
our side. ' of
William EwaM course the
kindly ones always are and
he had to be replaced by kind
ly middle-aged Frbelich who
was married to kindly Frau
Froelich. Like all kind spies,
the Froelichs weren't very ef
ficient and the Gestapo got
them, too.
That left the whole spy
business in the hands of kind
ly Margaret Lewis who was
played by kindly Joan Fon
taine who was in love with
Hans who was played by Max
Schell. He was a kind news
paperman 'or maybe I should
change that to a kind of news
paperman because he didn't
seem to have much work to
do. . . .
Not Much of Anything
Well, anyway, neither Mar
garet nor Hans were much as
spies or lovers or anything
else for that matter and
Desilu Playhouse ended on a
melancholy, note with Brun
ner and Froelich and Frau
Froelich in the hoosegow,
Margaret running off to Vien
na to do some more spying
and Hans deciding to fight it
out at home in his own kind
ly, inefficient fashion.
It all happened in Berlin
in 1938 and I kind of got
the feeling that if these were
many are taking on the "new
look". A few high school dis
tricts have started instruction
on the jury system in ' the
high school or junior high
school years.
Reform of any system or
institution is a long and com
plex process. So it is and will
be, with the American jury
system. But according to the
legal authorities of the United
States, the time and effort
will reap a reward that will
be worth the energies spent-
an institution that will further
reinforce the American ideal
of democracy.
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DAYS A WEEK
Families save as much as V3 and
more. Wife with husband travels one
way free. Trailways offers the lowest
cost vacation travel in America.
Depot: 1 82 No. Front Ph. SP 3-1 853
the people on our side, w
were doomed to lose the war.
I know we lost the play.
Painting Accepted
For Capitol Exhibit
Salem - (UPD - Secretary of
State Howell Appling took
the first step today toward
building a permanent art ex
hibit to be hung in the state
capitol restaurant.
He "accepted as the first
item to be included in the
exhibit a painting donated by
Weyerhaeuser Timber com
pany. The painting, which honors
Oregon pioneers and com
memorates the state's Centen
nial year, is an original by
Stan Calli, one of the nation's
top magazine illustrators.
Here's why three new Chevrons give everyone a better buy
Pay only f o r t he octa n es yo u
Analysis of
Martin Clothing
Inconclusive
Portland -(DPD A chemical
analysis made by the FBI of
clothing from the bodies of
Virginia and Sue Martin
proved inconclusive, the Mult
nomah county sheriffs office
reported Monday.
The bodies of the two Ken
neth. R. Martin daughters
were found in the Columbia
river last month. Still miss
ing are the- parents and the
third daughter of the Port
land family. The Martins van
ished in their station wagon
last Dec. 7 after leaving on a
search for Christmas greens.
Traco of Residue
The clothing was sent to
the FBI laboratory in Wash
ington, D. C. The sheriff's of
fice said the experts found
some trace of residue in the
clothing similar to that dis
charged into the Columbia
from the Harvey Aluminum
plant west of The Dalles but
pointed out that trace of the
elements would normally be
present at any spot in the
river below the place where
the residue is released.
No Particular Area
The FBI report concluded
the clothing could not be as
sociated with any particular
portion of the river.
The sheriff's office had
planned an intensified search
west of The Dalles in the
river if the chemical analysis
indicated the residue was
picked up in that area. One
of the main theories into the
Martins' disappearance was
that their car plunged
the river in that area.
,into
Two Local Firms
Get S6A Loans
Washington -(UPD- Approval
of loans totaling $487,000 to
nine Oregon .firms was an
nounced here Monday by the
Small Business administra
tion. Biggest grant went to
Lane Plywood company of
Eugene in the amount of
$200,000.
Others included: V. K. V.
Lumber company, Portland,
$95,000; Western Wood Man
ufacturing company, Port
land, $80,000; Richard and
Sons Nursery, Hillsboro, $35,
000; Interstate Paving com
pany of The Dalles, $25,000;
Ellis Market of Medford and
H and H Motor company, Inc.,
of Prineville, each $20,000;
The Letter Shop, Klamath
Falls, $8,000 and Chitwood
and Stone TV Service, Med
ford, $4,000.
Rocket engines in ballistic
missiles-gulp fuel fast enough
to empty a railroad tank car
in two minutes. -
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' '
-STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA ,
1
1 ' I ,
HE GOT IT FROM IKE Proud caddy Roy Fairman, 13,
of Gettysburg, Pa., holds up $5 tip he got from Presi
dent Eisenhower for NOT carrying his golf bags. The
boy and his mother went to the president's church and
got out too late to caddy. But the chief executive gave
Roy the tip anyway.
ILLINOIS VALLEY
Star Mothers Meet
By RUTH RAUSCH ,
Cave Junction - The Blue
Star Mothers group mat re
cently and appointed.Tuesday,
July , 14, as the next all-day
sewing, session.
The regular July 2 meeting
will be an outdoor potluck
picnic. ,
The forest service reports
the road to Bolan lake is now
open. Last weekt there was
some snow, but the road is in
shape for travel. The trail is
open from Bolan lookout to
Tannenlake.
The increased" fire danger
in this area, resulting from
the continued dry conditions,
has made it necessary to
tighten the restrictions on
burning," according to John
Moe, state forestry depart
ment officer.
Elected as officials in the
"city government" at Beaver
Boys State last week at Cor
vallis were Carl Hammer Jr.,
as city treasurer, and Charles
Marmolejo as city councilman.
Immanuel Methodist Vaca
tion Bible school held a dem
onstration night last Thurs
day when parents and friends
were invited for a prepared
program and to view the work
completed during the past two
weeks. .
Mrs. John Wilber's son,
Mike Doonan arrived Sunday
from Kalamazoo, . Mich., for
an extended stay.
Mr. and Mrs. Chester Wil
ber of Riverside, Calif., and
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wade
of South Gate, Calif., were
Valley visitors last week, leav
ing for their homes via the
coast route on Monday.
Chester Wilber and Mrs.
Wade are cousins of E. J. Wil
ber. While here, the party
made side trips to Crater lake
and the Oregon Caves. On
Saturday, the party, accompa
nied by Mr. and Mrs. E. J.
Wilber and Earl, spent the
day with the Oliver Boyds in
Butte Falls.
"Grandfather in the Honey
Tree" was the story read by
Mrs. Louis Johnson during the
first story hour scheduled as
a part of the Josephine county
branch library program last
week. Story hour time is
every Wednesday from 10 to
11 a.m. at the library and is
for children from 4 years old
through the 4th grade. '
Last week in reporting the
story of the retirement dinner
given in honor of the Cecil
Hathaways, the guest list er
roniously listed a Mrs. " Joe
Tellvik. The column stands
corrected in this, as there is
no Mrs. Joe Tellvik and we
regreat any embarrassment
caused by this statement.
Doys Cogburn,. son of Mr.
and Mrs. Arthur Cogburn of
O'Brien, has enlisted in the
Navy.
The local chapter of the
Sen. O'Mahoney
Said Recovering
Washington (UPD Sen. Jo
seph C. O'Mahoney (D-Wyo.)
remained in the U.S. Naval
hospital at nearby Bethesda,
Md., today for treatment of
a mild stroke.
The 74 - year - old Senator
suffered the stroke Friday
morning after the tense Sen
ate vote rejecting the con
firmation of Commerce Secre
tary Lewis L. Strauss.
He was reported by his doc
tor to be "reacting very well"
to treatment. Chances of re
covery were said to be "en
couraging." .
O'Mahoney talked to his
Senate office by telephone
Monday and relayed word
that the stroke had affected
his left side but had not limit
ed his speech.
STORE FOUNDER DIES
Birmingham, Ala. L o u i s
Pizitz, 91, a Russian immi
grant who started as a door-to-
door salesman and became
founder of one of Alabama's
largest department stores,
died Monday.
Western Mining Council have
scheduled a picnic Sunday,
June 28, at Browntown.
Returning to the valley to
work on mine claims in the
Bolan lake area are Mr. and
Mrs. Allen Brown of Cottage
Grove and Mr. and Mrs. Ed
Wall of Jacksonville. Both
couples who spent most of last
summer here, have been win
tering in Winterhaven, Fla.
LEGAL NOTICES
Report of Condition of
ROGUE VALLEY STATE BANK
of Medford. Oregon at the close of business June 10. 1959, a State
banking institution organized and operating under the banking laws
of this State and a member of the Federal Reserve System. Published
in accordance with a call made by the State Banking Authorities and
by the Federal Reserve Bank of this District.
ASSETS
Cash, balances with other banks, including reserve balance, -
and cash items in process of collection S 919,809.91
United States Government obligations, direct and guaranteed 1,793,576.09
Obligations of States and political subdivisions 277,012.48
Corporate stocks (including $7,800.00 stock of Federal. Re
serve bank) ; 7,800.0
Loans and discounts (including $655.67 overdrafts) 1,759,613.46
Bank premises owned S42.209.90. furniture and fixtures
$25,116.61 . .... 67,326.51
Other assets , , , 755,85
TOTAL ASSETS
. LIABILITIES
Demand deposits
of
individuals,
porauons
Time deposits of individuals, partnerships, and corporations 1,407,227.40
Deposits of United State Government (including postal
savings) 28,843.46
Deposits of States and political subdivisions 655.407.95
Other-deposits (certified and officers checks, etc.) 39,890.78
TOTAL DEPOSITS
Other liabilities :.
TOTAL LIABILITIES
CAPITAL
Capital
Surplus
Undivided
profits
TOTAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND
This, bank's capital consists of: ...
1 Commct .stock with total par value of $150,000.00.
MEMORANDA
Assets pledged or assigned to secure liabilities and for other
purposes $1,139,658.89
(a) Loans as shown above are after deduction of reserves of 18,639.49
1. N. A. Curry. Cashier of the above-named bank, hereby certify
that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief
Correct Attest s Leonard Bradshaw )
I si Ralph E. Pierce ) Directors.
Clarence H. Young )
. State of Oregon County of Jacxson a'.
Sworn to and subscribed before me
this 18th day of June, 1959.
(Notary's Seal) Ann Brown, Notary Public
. My commission expires 52760 '
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If you want an economy regular, new Chevron Gasoline delivers
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All three Chevrons are clean-burning, of course! And all have
carburetor-cleaning Deter gent-Action along with other important fuel
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MAILTIHSUNleJfi4t. (i
Tuesday, June 2, V
Hells Canyon Grou3
Changes tlamo
Portland-OIPD-The National
Hells Canyon association has
changed its name to the River
Resource association of th
Pacific Northwest, Associa
tion President James T. Marr
announced today.
The board of directors also
adopted a long-range river de
velopment program in addi
tion to the name change.
Marr said the new long-range
program "puts into workable
form the principles wf have
stood for since 1953." Marr
expressed confidence that the
program would bring new
and renewed support to th
association.
Russian Escape Dro-yns
Helsingborg, Sweden-dJPB-A
Russian sailor was drowned in
the two-mile-wide strait be
tween here and Denmark
Monday after jumping ship in
a dramatic bid for freed&n.
"I was watching the Russian
ship through binoculars and
saw the man .'ump over
board," said Port Capt. Fcfjr.
Herrlin. The man began swim
ming toward Sweden and de
liberately turned his back on
a lifeboat sent by the Soviet
ship before he went under,
Herrlin said.
Honey produced from the
blossoms of some species of
Asian rhododendron is poison
ous to man, but bees thrive
on it.
LEGAL NOTICES
S4.825.894.30
partnerships, and cor-
-.S2.3S1.B31.10
...$4,483,000.69
44.912.68..
..$4,527,913.37
ACCOUNTS
150.000 00
110,000.00
37,980.93
297.98053
..$4,825.89430
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
need!
i