Oregon Congressional Delegation Favors
Making Changes in America's China Policy
By A. ROBERT SMITH
Mail Tribune Washington
Correspondent
Washington (Special) - At
this juncture of world affairs,
every member of Oregon's six-
"""f JI"W member con-
gre s s i o n a 1
delegation fa
vors some
change in
A m e r i c a's
China policy.
That policy
for some years
under John
Foster' Dulles
jk. Bobt. smit and his assis
tant secretary for Far Eastern
affairs, Walter S. Robertson,
has steadfastly opposed diplo
matic recognition of the Pei
ping government, opposed any
trade with the mainland Chi
nese, and backed the National
ists of Chiang Kai-shek on the
island of Formosa with arms
and diplomatic recognition as
the government of China.
Whether there may be alter
ations of this policy under the
new secretary of State, Chris
tian A. Herter, and J. Graham
Parsons, who succeeds Robert
son July 1, remains to be seen.
Changes advocated by Ore
gon's 5 Democrats and 1 Re
publican in Congress range
from placing Formosa under
UN trusteeship, to trade with
Red China in non-strategic
goods, to immediate diplomat
ic recognition of the Peiping
government.
None seem to thing the U.S.
can hope to weaken or bring
down the Communist Chinese
government by withholding
all contact from her and con
tinuing to bolster the exiled
Nationalist govern m e n t of
Chiang Kai-shek on Formosa.
As Sen. Wayne Morse put it:
Ugly Reality
"Red China presents to us
a very ugly reality. The free
nations of the world are going
to have to deal with her
whether we like it or not in
respect to the control of "nu
clear testing, weapons, and
disarmament."
Morse, however, does not
favor according diplomatic
recognition to the Communist
Chinese regime. Neither does
Sen. Richard L. Neuberger
nor Rep. Walter Norblad. Rep.
Charles O. Porter, on the oth
er hand, favors diplomatic
recognition now. Reps. Edith
Green and Al Ullman favor
our taking steps in that direc
tion. Several took pains to point
out that "recognition doesn't
mean approval or respect," as
Porter put it. "It simply
means opening up communi
cations." "We don't approve of pov
erty, but we have to recognize
it exists," said Mrs. Green.
"We don't approve of Red
China's conduct, either intern
ally or externally but there
she is, 600 million strong,
whether w e 'diplomatically
recognize her or not. Thirty
five countries have now recog
nized Red China."
While Morse agreed that
the mainland government ful
fills the historic international
criteria on which diplomatic
recognition is accorded i.e
that it unquestionably con
trols the territory and gov
erns the people of China - he
argued that the U.S. has his
torically insisted, with some
exceptions, that any new re
gime satisfy us "that it can
be counted on to fulfill its
international obligations" be
fore we open direct diplomatic
relations. Citing violations of
the Korean truce, Morse said
on this criteria "the Com
munist government of China
has completely failed to date
to make a record that entitles
it to American diplomatic
recognition."
Here to Stay
Morse favors relations
"short of diplomatic recogni
tion" and believes "we must
face up to the reality in world
affairs that the Red Chinese
government is here to stay
for a considerable time, per
haps, in some iorm, lor cen
turies."
"I favor trade with Red
China in such goods as tex-
Page
From
nider s
Diary
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You might call it milking a human kind
ness because this little extra affection re
suits in the nicest, friendliest Golden Guern
sey milk you've ever tasted.
A Snider Cow
tiles, flour and other food
stuffs, medicines, and other
goods for civilian use that
would help us reach a better
understanding with the mass
es of China," Morse added.
In arguing against recogni
tion, Sen. Neuberger cited ag
gression by China against
Korea, Vietnam, Laos and
Tibet, then asked: "Should
America accord recognition in
such an atmosphere? The dip
lomatic recognition which we
accorded the Russian govern
ment in 1933 followed a long
period of observation. Nor
was Russia invading its neigh
bors at the time of recogni
tion." Neuberger mentioned
Morse's point that "we should
receive certain assurances
from the Chinese Communists
that they will adhere to ac
ceptable standards of conduct
in international relations.
Likewise, Neuberger oppos
ed trade with China, saying:
"Trade is recognition - eco
nomic and commercia. recog
nition. It would be cynical to
trade with a nation which we
did not recognize diplomatic
ally." Morse, Porter and Green all
contended that by opening
trade relations, other relations
between America and China
might be improved. Porter
urged a trade mission be sent
to China, saying: "World
peace through world trade is
no mere slogan. We can build
better relationships through
mutually profitable ex
changes. We have some chance
of luring China away from
dependence on the Soviet
Union."
Can Do the Same
Noting that Japan trades
with China without recogniz
ing the Peiping government,
Morse said we can do the
same "and it might very well
be that such trade would has
t e n recognition because i t
might cause the leaders of
Red China to appreciate that
they should live up to their
international commitments."
Congressman Norblad, only
Republican from Oregon and
usually a supporter of the
administration, differed with
the present China policy only
on trade. He favored discus
sions with the Red Chinese
on trade in "non-strategic ma
terials like flour, lumber and
things of that nature."
Several pro-trade lawmak
ers mentioned that Oregon
products would find new mar
kets in -China. Neuberger
challenged this argument, say
ing: "Red China seems far
more interesting in exporting
abroad its own goods. Last
year it shipped to major mar
kets in neighboring countries
live times as many goods as
it imported. Due to its prac
tice of setting prices to re
alize maximum competitive
and political impact rather
than merely to insure recov
ery of economic cost and
profit, Communist China can
effectively influence trade
patterns to its own benefit.
Red China s shortage of for
eign exchange leads to an in
sistence on paying for imports
m merchandise, not cash, thus
decreasing the trading flex
ibility of the other nation in
volved. So far as Oregon is
concerned, we might find that
China's vast upland forests,
now being reseeded, would
keep that country from being
a customer for our extensive
lumber products."
Statement Endorsed
Congresswoman Green en
dorsed the following state
ment of the Fifth World Or
der Study Conference of the
National Council of-Churches
of Christ, in which she par
ticipated at Cleveland last
fall: "Our policy should move
in the direction of an accept
able solution of the problems
pie's Republic of China in the
councils of the UN and the
establishment of diplomatic
relations with that govern
ment by the U.S."
A move in that direction.
she believes, should be nego
tiations on issues of "Korean
freedom, of the integrity of
Formosa, Quemoy and Matsu,
the freeing of Americans still
held in Chinese prisons." She
said these issues must all be
"settled in such a way as to
give evidence of Peiping's
willingness to abide by the
minimum standards of inter
national relations to at least
the same extent as Iraq, the
UAR, Dominican Republic
and the Soviet Union." Mrs.
Green added:
"I do think it is stultifying
in the extreme for our govern
ment to take a position that
Red China will never, under
any circumstances, be recog
nized and that it is treason
able even to think about it."
Rep. Ullman said' "we
should reorient our thinking.
Our present policy is based
on the polices of sentimen
tality rather than focusing on
realities in the Orient. I ab
hor the philosophy of Red
China, but we recognize Rus
sia and Russia is the leader
of the Communist world. I'm
not prepared to say we should
do it (recognize or trade; to
day. We should start with
little things. . For example,
why shouldn't our people be
allowed to visit Red China?
I don't want to see us recog
nize Red China across the
board. We should bargain
with the Chinese for it and
say, 'OK, we will recognize
you, but under these condi
tions.' Eventually we are
going to have to recognize
her."
New Problem Mentioned
Morse, Porter and Green
all mentioned a relatively
new problem - how to get a
ban on nuclear tests? Porter
said this is a vital U.S. goal
and "China will have to be a
party to that ban. What non
sense to deal with them
through our delegations ' at
Warsaw but to pretend this
nation of 650 million doesn't
exist juridically."
In this context, Porter urg
ed d i p 1 o m atic recognition
now. He said: "We don't like
the Chinese government for
many good reasons but exper
ience teaches us that the na
ture of that government will
change. If we have communi
cations we may be able to
guide that change into direc
tions more advantageous to
us and favorable to our ideals
of freedom."
Morse said the UN "offers
the best vehicle for negoti
ations" until "we feel Red
China is deserving of our dip
lomatic recognition."
Mrs. Green differed. Sup
porting her advocacy of mov
ing toward eventual recog
nition and admission of China
to the UN, she said; "inspec
tion systems of nuclear weap
ons and disarmament discus
sions with the UN seem pretty
hopeless as long as Red China
is outside of the UN and,
therefore, not bound by any
UN agreements."
Would Seat Both
If and when Red China is
admitted to the UN, . Mrs.
Green suggested that the per
manent seat on the Security
Council held from the start
by the Nationalist Chinese be
allocated to India, and that
both the Peiping and Formosa
governemts to be represented
in the General Assembly. For
mosa should not remain under
Chiang, she said, but be plac
ed under UN trusteeship until
free elections can be held.
Morse, Neuberger, Porter
and Ullman, too, said Formosa
should be under UN for now.
Morse said Chiang's regime
looks like "a puppet govern
ment of the U.S." to people
in Asia and Africa. He said
we should recognize Formo
san sovereignity and protect
her from Red agression.
Norblad, alone, favors the
status quo on Formosa because
it is "an important military
base in the Pacific as far as
we are concerned and one
which we will have to hold
on to. The U. S. has expended
a great deal of money in train
ing the Chinese Nationalists
troops and in building up sta
tions and it would be foolish
to abandon them." Norblad al
so opposed recognition for
this re i and because China
is still iuiding U. S. war pris
oners and has demonstrated an
aggressive policy in Tibet and
elsewhere.
"We've spent enough on
Chiang," said Porter. "He and
his army should be retired
and not on pensions paid by
us. Secretary Dulles finally
conceded last year that Chiang
couldn't lead a return to the
mainland. All that's left is to
strike the tents and let this
expensive interlude fade
away."
Republicans Open
Finance Campaign
Clif Ouellette has been
appointed chairman of the
Jackson County Republican
Finance committee, it was an
nounced by Donald L. Stathos,
chairman of the local Repub
lican Central Committee.
Frank Van Dyke, Medford
attorney, has been appointed
as one of seven district finance
leaders for the state, it was
reported today by the state
central committee in Salem.
Van Dyke will serve the
southwest district and work
with county finance chairmen."
Ouellette, also a local at
torney, is a member of Crater
Lions and Toastmasters or
ganizations.
Republican State Finance
Chairman Alan F. Davis, Port
land, stated that a statewide
finance drive designed to
"broaden further the financial
base of the Republican party"
will open this week.
In addition to the solicita
tion of special gifts a neighbor
to neighbor campaign will be
conducted in October, 1960.
Pledges of small monthly con
tributions to be paid over a
two-year period will also be
solicited, it was reported.
We Give d?.
GREEN STAMPS
CENTRAL REXALL DRUG
Main and Central .
TAKING office as president
of Southern Baptist conven
tion in Louisville, Ky., Rev.
W. Ramsey Pollard, Knox
ville, Term., terms alcohol
"our greatest problem."
Little Rock Votes
On Recall of City
School Officials
Little Rock, Ark.' -flJPD- A
record turnout is expected to
day in a recall election for
the six-member school board,
split down the middle be
tween segregationist and ra
cially moderate factions.
The voters will reelect or
defeat the three members who
fired 44 school teachers and
three other members consid
ered racially moderate.
The election climaxed a bit
ter fight between a' citizen's
group formed in opposition to
the firings of the teachers,
called "Stop This Outrageous
Purge" and segregatitonist
groups.
Members Clash
School board members have
clashed over the racial ques
tion. Three of them are
staunch segregationists. The
other three are "moderates"
on the racial question and op
pose Gov. Orval Faubus.'who
closed the city's four high
schools last fall to block Su
preme Court-ordered integra
tion. The anti-Faubus group in
itiated the recall election fol
lowing the May 5 school
board meeting when board
members Robert W. Laster,
Ed I. McKinley and Ben D.
Rowland purged the teachers
whom they accused of being
"in sympathy with integra
tion." The rest of the board, Ev
erett Tucker Jr., Russell H.
Matson Jr. and Ted L. Lamb,
walked out of the meeting
when the segregationists pro
posed the firings. The firings
then proceeded.
Signatures For Recall
Shortly after the "Stop"
gronp proposed the recall of
Laster, McKinley and Row
land, the , desegregationist
Mothers' League of Central
High gathered enough signa
tures, for a recall of Tucker,
Matson and Lamb.
Tucker, Matson and Lamb
were once branded "integra
tionists" by Faubus but he
held off until Friday before
actually taking sides.
Faubus warned that if the
segregationists did not win the
MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or.
Mpnday, May 25, 1959
5
5 Young People
Drown as Boat
Capsizes in Lake
.Mount Clemens, Mich.-flJPD-Five
young persons, three
boys and two girls, drowned
when their overloaded boat
capsized in Lake St. Clair Sun
day night. Three girls sur
vived an all-night ordeal of
clinging to the swamped boat
in ;50 degree water.
The group had gdne on a
picnic to Club Island, three
miles across the lake from the
west shore, and all eight tried
to return in their 16-foot out
board as it started to get dark
about 7 p.m.
Warned of Overload
When they launched the
boat in early afternoon at the
mouth of the Clinton river, a
deputy , sheriff had stopped
them and told them eight pass
engers was too big a load for
the boat. The group then made
two trips to the island with
four and five passengers each
time. '
But the survivors said "to
save time" in the late evening,
the group decided all eight
should come back in one trip.
The dead were Roger Pat
rick Hogan, 21, Harper Woods,
owner of the boat; Robert
Benedetti, 22, Harper Woods;
Theron Brooks Jr., 20, Harper
Woods; Ann Schuler, 16, De
troit and Valerie Quinn, 16,
East Detroit.
The survivors were ,Mary
Lou Gonyea, 17, Detroit;
Nancy Benedetti, 20, Robert's
sister; and Marilyn Cily, 17;
Detroit.
Bailing To No Avail
A survivor told how the
boat went under despite their
bailing, how they found they
were standing in four-feet
deep water on a sandbar and
how they waded into deeper
water when they tried to push
the boat back to the island,
v One by one the five who
drowned slipped into the
water, as the survivors tried
to hold them up but finally
had to rest their numb arms.
The three surviving girls
clung to the boat, sometimes
tried to get inside it or sit on
the edge but the boat would
go under or they would slip
off.
Only one of th surviving
girls was wearing a life pre
server and no other life pre
servers were found.
DISKS IN SUPERMARKETS
New York - (UPD -Super
markets, which sell everything
from soup to furniture, are
making a loud noise in the
phonograph record market. A
survey by Chain Store Age
said that last year records and
supermarkets got together to
the tune of some 8 to 15 per
cent of the total record market.
election, yiolence of the type
which accompanied integra
tion of Central High school
in 1957 might return.
Of integration Faubus said,
"I will resist with all my
might and it will pass only
by trampling over my pros
trate form." V
MORE MONEY THAN
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FIRST FEDERAL
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29 North Ivy Street Robert F. Kyle, Manager
I rl;:ig::E i
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5