MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford", Or.
Monday, May 18, 1959
MEDFORDe
rTMBUHB
"Everyone In Southern Oregon
Readi The Mail Tribune"
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Flight 'o Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20. 30. 40
and 50 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Mar 18. 1949 (Wednesday)
Robert A. Duff, Medford
water superi ntendent, re
ceives the George Warren
Fuller award for distinguished
service in the water supply
field. '
Phoenix may join its sani
tary sewer system to Med
ford's. 20 YEARS AGO
May 18. 1939 (Thursday)
From "Side Glances": "Bob
Duff taking his new honor as
a water association vice chair
man lightly, he not letting it
go to his head."
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "The
June peas, and the July weeds
are coming along fine, in
many gardens."
30 YEARS AGO
May 18. 1929 (Saturday)
C. E. Gates is elected presi
dent of the Jackson county
fair board.
A company is organized to
build a lime plant near Ruch.
40 YEARS AGO
May 18, 1919 (Sunday)
Mayor Gates proclaims
next Thursday as "Clean-Up"
day.
E. M. Wilson of Medford is
named a member' of the state
accountancy board.
50 YEARS AGO
May 18. 1909 (Tuesday)
Ashland's park commission
acquires 40 acres in Ashland
creek canyon for a park.
B. Conner, Sams Valley
orchardist, discovers a nest of
"mouse-birds" in his coat
pocket.
What's Your I.Q.?
U; Ikii eanwer ia SUDCrlar:
seven or eight is excellent; five or
six is good
1. What is the next number
in the series: 7,8,6,7,5,6-?
2. How often is a population
census of the United States
taken?
3. Walter Reuther is a well
known official of the U.S.
government, a labor leader or
a Hollywood star?
4. Correct the following
"Each of the boys did their
work well."
5. "Slapsie Maxie" is the
nickname aDDlied to what
boxer?
6. Is the highest mountain
peak in North America locat
ed in California, AlasKa, Colo
rado, or Canada? -
7. Unscramble the follow-
in g countries: ROCUEAD,
YILTA, TRIBNIA.
8. What is wrong with this
sentence: "Betsy Ross "is said
to have sewn the first U.S.
flag on her own sewing ma
9. Which of the following
is the antonym for "de
pressed": depraved, hopeless,
eager, cheerful?
1 0. Does the Statue of Lib
erty carry the torch in her
right or left hand?
Answers: 1. 4. 2. Every 10
years. 3. Labor leader. 4. " . .
did his work well." 5. Max
Rosenbloom. 6. Alaska. 7.
Ecuador, Italy, Britain. 8.
Sewing machine not invented
until 1830. 9. Cheerful. 10.
Right.
Purge in Little Rock
As if the degradation of the Little Rock school
system had not already been carried to pitiful
lengths, die-hard segregationists on the school
board are pressing it still further through an at
tempted purge of principals and teachers who
have not slavishly toed the prejudice line. -
The principal and two vice principals of Cen
tral High School, the principal of the Horace
Mann School for Negroes and principals of seve
ral elementary and junior high schools are among
the 44 who are under fire.
TTHE president of the school board, Ed I. Mc-
Kinley, says openly that he and the two other
segregationists on the board are trying to fire
some of the teachers for statements they made
on integration.
The three moderates on the board, whom Gov.
Faubus calls integrationists, walked out on the
meeting at which the discharges were proposed,
and are contesting the purge as illegal for lack
of a quorum. -
One of them, Ted Lamb, says the Faubusites
want to strip the school system of teachers so that
it cannot be operated, for lack of personnel, if
federal courts order it reopened on an integrated
basis.
LIOW destructive racial prejudice is, and how
endlessly its destruction goes on, the tortured
children and parents of Little Rock have now
had the unenviable occasion to learn at first hand.
Not only has a year of schooling for children of
both races been wrecked. A Dark Age of dictated
thought, of official revenge against dissent, and
of willful, methodical destruction of a city's edu
cation system has settled down on the Little Rock
schools like a miasma.
The plight of Arkansas has long since spread
far beyond the boundaries of a purely racial prob
lem, and taken on the dimensions of a light lor
its life by education against the forces of igno
rance and superstition.
Language - and the West
Time was, not very long ago, when all the
tools a Western diplomat needed to do his job
anywhere in the world were a full dress suit, some
acquaintance with the odd customs of the native
population, and a working knowledge of French,
English, German or maybe Spanish. Almost by
definition, anyone who couldn't speak one of the
universal languages in addition to his own simply
didn t rate.
Evidence of how
changed is the conference of Oriental and Afri
can language specialists which convenes in Lon
don next week under sponsorship of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization. Participants will
be trying to develop cooperative plans for filling
woeful gaps in Western knowledge of non-European
tongues. Behind the meeting lies the same
sense of impending isolation which inspired the
inclusion of language study grant programs in
last year s National Defense Education Act.
IN GENERAL, U. S. language teachers have
been delighted with the financial support and
growing official interest in their specialty. But
some professional linguists doubt that the current
state i of activity can be expected to yield the
desired results. The linguists, who may be dis
tinguished from the merely multilingual by their
Ereoccupation with root similarites in language
elieve that present methods of teaching need
a complete overhaul before any real advance can
be made.
Although every American who attends college
is necessarily exposed to one or more foreign
languages, tests have shown that only one in every
four recruits to the U.S. foreign service retains
a usable knowledge of any alien tongue. Dr.
Mortimer Graves, a U.S. delegate to the London
conference, believes that multiplication of
language courses is therefore wrong.
1X7HAT Americans need, Graves thinks, is
"language sophistication" a grasp of struc
ture rather than rote learning of words and gram
matical forms.
For this, he says, there must be "a new cur
riculum presented by a body of new teachers
trained in new ways and armed with a great new
panoply of new tools of teaching, study and re
search." Otherwise, no matter how numerous
and how exotic the languages taught in our
schools, Americans will still find the world a
Tower of Babel E.R.R.
To Sled or Not To Sled
The International Olympic Committee meets
at Munich next Saturday in part to determine
whether bobsled races will be included in the
1960 Winter Olympics. The rub is, no bobsled
track has been built at Squaw Valley, Calif., the
scene of next year's winter games, even though
the U.S. government is
some $4.4 million m funds.
The Olympic rules provide that events must
take place ."in or as near as possible to the city
chosen and prelerably at or near the mam sta
dium." Well, it's a long trek from Squaw Valley,
Calif., to Lake Placid, N.Y., where the Interna
tional Bobsled Federation wants the competition
held. But the sledding huskies argue that Lake
Placid has the nearest suitable run, and hence is
"as near as possible." And the I.O.C., which has
swallowed many a camel
not strain at this gnat.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
radically things have
donating the land and
in the past, just might
L.R.R.
Dennis the
'HO, WtfZE NOT GOING TO 'SLEEP ALL DA. 6UT WE tVOUU)
LIKE TO STAY HERE UNTIL StX'WJZTy'-' .
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer,
although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initia'
for publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right tc
edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letters
.-ubmitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed in this column do not necessarily represent the views of the
paper; in fact the contrary is often the cast.
Figures on Consolidation
To the Editor: On May 20
the . voters of the Phoenix
School District will , decide
whether or not they wish to
consolidate the Phoenix
schools with those of Talent.
I urge all registered voters to
study the facts. I have openly
stated my preference either
to remain an independent dis
trict or to join the Medford
school system. I am interested
in providing the children of
our community with the best
possible education. I am con
vinced that a consolidation
with Talent would do little,
if anything, to improve jthe
educational facilities the
Phoenix schools now have.
No matter how attractive a
consolidation with Talent is
made to appear it is my sin
cere belief that the taxpayers
of the Phoenix district will
find it quite unpalatable if
the consolidation is effected.
I have received in the mail
a leaflet which allegedly con
tains facts concerning . the
Phoenix-Talent consolidation.
Although it stated that the
statements, in part, were ob
tained from the Phoenix
school superintendent's office,
it did not state who was re
sponsible for distributing the
leaflet, nor was it signed. It
is, in my opinion, misleading.
Under the section "Ability
to Support Schools," the as-
District Assessed
Valuation
1958-1959
Phoenix-Talent ..
Central Point
. $6,380,724.78
9.054,426.12
10,979,819.75
Ashland
Phoenix 4,753.717.53
Talent-Phoenix Consolidation
To the Editor: The Phoenix
school district has a total val
uation of $4,753,717.52 com
pared to a Talent total valua
tion of $1,627,007.26, which
gives the two districts a total
valuation of $6,380,724. In
the Phoenix district one mill
of taxes would yield $4,754
compared to $1,627 in the Tal
ent district. The combined
taxes in the consolidated dis
trict of one mill would pro
duce $6,381. An estimate of
the tax millage for the Phoe
nix district can be placed at
62 mills and at 81 mills for
the Talent district for the
coming year. If the two dis
tricts consolidate the estimat
ed tax would be approximate
ly 70 mills. This means that
Phoenix taxes will be from
$30 to $50 thousand more each
year with a consolidated
school, varying wijh the mill
age rate.
So I ask the question,
"What do we now have and
what will we get with con
solidation?" 1. Phoenix has a standard
four-year high school wijh a
growing list of vocational
courses.
2. Phoenix is a rich and
growing community which in
the future will need a better
and larger school system. Evi
dence points to the fact that
Barnett road will be our
northern boundary which will
give us a booming residential
district, with a heavy school
population.
3. This district owns and
operates its own school bus
system, and is not in debt out
side the bonded indebtedness.
Now look at a Phoenix-Talent
consolidated school.
1. We should never accept
less than a four year high
school. There has been talk
of a junior high at Talent.
2. The opinion has been,
with a junior high at Talent,
it would be necessary to build
a gymnasium at a cost of $70,
000. This would not be re
quired with a four year high
school at Phoenix.
3. With a four year high
Menace
sessed valuations, the Octo
ber, 1958, Census, and the as
sessed valuation per census
child are given for Central
Point, Ashland, and Phoenix
Talent. Omitted is the figure
which concerns the taxpayer-
millage. It may very well be
that the combined districts of
Phoenix and Talent do have
greater weaitn per census
child than either of the two
districts named. Not stated
nor taken into consideration
is the fact that the other two
districts operate at much less
cost per child than do either
Talent or Phoenix. Another
important fact is that Central
Point and Ashland are the
only two districts within Jack
son county which have less
valuation per census child
than Phoenix-Talent would
have. It is interesting to note
that the county median is
$4,366.59 per census child.
I have adced another col
umn to the ones contained in
the aforementioned leaflet.
The figures I have used were
taken from a booklet pub
lished by the offices of the
Jackson County Assessor and
Jackson County Sheriff and
Tax Collector which was
mailed to each taxpayer with
his 1958-59 tax bill.
Don Korth,
Pioneer Road
Route 1, Box 330,
Talent, Ore.
Census Assessed Total
October Valuation per
District
Levy
1958
Census Child
1760
2717
3326
S3.625.41
3.332.50
3,301.20
72.0
43.3
43.3
1087
4,373.00
60.8
school at Phoenix, students
from the Barnett section
would not be required to go
to Talent for junior high. In
the event the consolidated dis
trict built a grade school in
Barnett section, with a four
year high school at Phoenix,
and with the Dresent erade
schools at Talent and Phoenix,
the transportation cost would
be at a minimum.
4. Additional school buses
will be necessary as Talent
does not own, but rents- buses.
5. The larger system can
operate more efficiently, with
more pupils per teacher, one
superintendent and one clerk
for the entire system.
In the final analysis there
would be a few mills, differ
ence in the operation of the
two systems.
C. J. Hunter,
Route 1, Box 341,
' Talent, Ore.
Approve Consolidation
To the Editor: In order to
clarify misinformation on
Phoenix-Talent Consolidation.
some questions have been
asked of Dr. Mayfield, super
intendent of Medford schools.
One of these questions is list
ed below with his answer.
Q. "Are we correct in as
suming that in the event of a
Medford-Phoenix school dis
trict reorganization, that the
existing indebtedness of the
two districts would be
pooled?"
A. "It has been the policy,
and the Board feels it will un
questionably continue, that
whenever a consolidation be
tween the Medford district
and an adjoining district is
consumated that assets and
liabilities be combined."
If we do not consolidate
with Talent, we will be forced
into a 'reorganization as no
other plans at present have
been considered by the Re
organization committee, other
than Phoenix-Talent consoli
dation and Medford-Phoenix
reorganization.
In spite of all the talk of
lower taxes should Phoenix
Medford reorganize,' Medford
Foreign News Desk: Geneva Conference,
Pope's Audiences, Argentine Oil Climbs
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign Editor
From the foreign editor's
assignment book:
Backstage At Geneva:
Western sources are guess
ing the Geneva foreign mini
sters conference will last three
weeks, but
concede it
may go long
er. !
The Russ
ians want to
get it over
with as quick
ly as possible.
For them it's
just a prelim
inary bout to
Phil Newsom
to the main event this sum
mer - a summit conference.
It is a foregone conclusion
now that the Russians will re
ject most or all of the West's
package plan" on Berlin.
German reunification ' and
European security. The West
hopes, but does not predict,
that the Soviets will go for
some sort of new deal on Ber
lin in exchange for tacit ad
mission by the West that
there's nothing doing on Ger
man reunification in the near
future.
War of Nervei
Despite threats against West
Berlin, the U.S. has not and
will not do anything now to
millage has already been
raised 13 mills or 27.7 per
cent (Medford Mail Tribune,
May 3, 1959) since their re
cent consolidation. This does
not include the building pro
gram which is inevitable with
this large merger. Phoenix has
a low bonded indebtedness
and is not contemplating any
big building program. Phoenix
school budget for 1959-60 has
about a 6 per cent raise over
last year's budget and in
cludes salaries for 4 new teach
ers plus 3 new classrooms on
a pay-as-you-go basis besides
the usual operating expenses.
We should realize under re
organization with Medford,
we must assume their indebt
edness, but in a consolidation
with Talent we would only be
liable for our own indebted
ness as each district agrees to
assume their own bonded in
debtedness. With the Phoenix - Talent
consolidation vote coming up,
we find citizens of Phoenix
who staunchly supported the
Phoenix-Medford merger, are
now trying to convince people
that we can stay alone. Ac
cording to all available infor
mation this is impossible as
it would defeat the aU over
plan set up by the Reorgani
zation Committee. The Reor
ganization Committee consid
ers Phoenix or Talent too
small to stan'd alone under this
plan.. Unless Phoenix-Talent
consolidation is effected, Phoe
nix would lose the Wagner
Creek area to Ashland which
would further deplete its
school census.
, So much misinformation has
been given that we feel it is
time to collect facts from the
most reliable sources. We wish
to emphasize that Dr. May
field does not support or en
dorse any faction.
Mrs. W. D. Sommer
Route 1, Box 548,
Talent, Ore.,
(School District No. 4,
Phoenix).
Mrs. Virgil Strong,
Route 1, Box 351,
Talent, Ore.
Vote "No"
To the Editor: I wonder if
all the people who will be
voting in the Phoenix school
district election on May 20
fully understand the issues.
Many people I have talked
with are opposed to consolida
tion with Medford. And in try
ing to avoid this, they think
the only alternative is to join
forces with Talent. There is
a third alternative: To keep
the district unchanged. Phoe
nix does not have to merge
with anyone if the voters do
not wish to do so.
If you wish to keep your
school district as it is, vote
NO on the Talent-Phoenix
issue on May 20.
May A. Ragland,
3182 S. Pacific Hwy.,
Medford.
Puffins and Survival
To the . Editor: Vacation sea
son approaches. One wishing
to add to one's birdlore should
watch along California's sea
beaches for sea - parrots or
puffins. These come down
from Alaska. They are found
out on Kiska, on Attu where
the Japanese once hauled
down the Stars - and - Stripes,
hoisted their Rising Sun.
To the writer, puffins are a
constant reminder of his
Alaskan days. He saw a Tling
it Indian make a papoose
rattle of a half dozen puffin
bills. These were strung
around a cedar cross-section.
This was in the days of Chief
Jake, friend of the Palefaces.
On his grave was death-offering,
priceless Chilcat blankets.
These were made of mixed
mountain goat wool and dog
hair.
Sometimes a dead sea-parrot
is washed ashore as far
upset the Geneva applecart.
The Western Allies have ap
proximately 10,000 troops in
West Berlin, outnumbered by
many times that number of
Soviet troops in the immedi
ate vicinity. Of the 10,000
Allied troops in West Berlin,
the U.S. has approximately
4,000. There is no disposition
now to increase them.
Cutback:
Pope John XXIII, already
decided to cut down on the
number of private and special
audiences at Vatican City, is
expected to reduce them still
further when he goes to his
summer villa at Castel Gan
dolfo later this month or
next. While his health is re
ported excellent, he did lose
some weight during the first
ardous six months of his
reign. The figures are esti
mated variously at seven to
12 pounds, but he still tops
200.
Gushers:
Argentine oil production is
outpacing the construction of
storage facilities and pipe
lines. From January 1 through
April, production rose 31 per
cent over the same period a
year ago. Crude production
is now running just over 100,
000 barrels a day, and target
figures are being surpassed
every month. It's a bright
spot in an otherwise gloomy
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
There's an interesting little
story in the news.
"POGER HARLAN-of Dallas,
Texas is an electronics
whiz. Also he is a lazy man
And ... he likes to keep
his garage door closed be
cause he doesn't like to have
every Tom, Dick and Harry
messing around with the
gadgets he keeps there.
But . . . being lazy ... it
irked him to have to get out
of the car and open the door
and then get back in the car
and drive into the garage.
CO-
J He put his active mind
to work. The upshot of it was
that he fixed .his garage door
so it would open when he
honked his horn or whistled
in a certain pattern. So clever
ly was this pattern designed
that the door refused to be
opened by the normal pattern
of honks and whistles in his
neighborhood.
For weeks, it was wonder
ful. Then something happened.
He began finding the door
OPEN when he got home!
WHAT to do?
Well, being of a scien
tific turn, he fell back on
RESEARCH - whose job is to
FIND OUT FACTS. He put
his wife to work. Her job
was to watch that door as a
cat watches a mouse-hole.
Four days later, she came
up with a report. She said that
each; day a mockingbird came
to the garage, 1 perched on a
basketball hoop above the
door, cocked its head in a
discerning way, opened its
throat and REPRODUCED
THE PATTERN OF SOUNDS
that had been designed by the
inventive-minded Harlan.
Whereupon the door OPEN
ED! rpHUS challenged, the elec-J-
tronically-minded Mr. Har
lan REALLY went to work.
He designed a system of sig
nals based not merely upon
sounds but also upon an intri
cate TIMING of the sounds.
That did the trick. The bird
came back for days in a row,
and worked and worked. But
in vain, its gifted throat could
accurately repeat the
SOUNDS, but its bird brain
was unequal to the task of
matching the TIMING of-the
sounds.
So the mockingbird gave up
and left Harlan in peace.
Thereafter, when he came
home the garage door was
closed, but opened obedientlv
when he pushed the button.
WHY did the man win?
He had a BETT
BRAIN than the bird.
south as Monterey. If you find
one, study its bill. Compare it
with the sparrow's seed-crushing
bill, thrasher's worm
catching one, curlew's long
curved probe, pelican's fish
basket. One learns from this that
the efficient survive. Nowa
days the most efficient are
those who persist in obtaining
the best possible education.
, C. M. Goethe
Seventh and J sts.
Sacramento 14, Calif.
Don't Ncgltcf Slipping
FALSE TEETH
Do falsa teeth drop, (lip or wobbta
hen you talk, eat, laugh or sneeze?
Don't be annoyed and embarrassed
by such handicap. FASTEETH, aa
alkaline (non-acid) powder to sprin
kle on your plates, keeps false teeth
mors firmly set. GItm eonndent feel
ing of security and added comfort.
Ko um?nv. eooev, pastv tasts or feel-
picture. The peso continues to
lose ground, and president
Arturo Frondizi's austerity
program is unpopular even
with his own party.
Dumping:
Light industrial goods from
Red China may begin to flood
Southeast Asian markets
again in the near future. Pre
mier Chou En-lai told the Na
tional People's Congress that
light industry's job was to
supply foreign exchange for
the state. This probably means
textiles, portable generators
and millions of dollars in
other attractive and in
Washington Report
By WILLIAM
GOP AND WHITE HOUSE
Washington - For the first
time in his six years in the
White House, President Eisen-Jary.
" hower is re-
! sponding to a
purely parti
san spur in
r e 1 a t ionshiD
& The Republi
can pros have
at last con
v i n c e d him
that he must
"mix it" with
the controlling Congressional
Democrats.
The immediate consequence
is a marked sharpening of
rivalry between the White
House and Capitol Hill. This
will be increasingly apparent
as time goes on, assuming the
President maintains his pre
sent attitude.
One certain consequence
will be to make Congressional
Republicans much happier
than they have been. It is
possible, too, that the Presi
dent's legislative wishes here
after will carry more weight,
and for two reasons,
"DEASON No. 1 is the coun-
A try's booming job situa
tion. This has seemed to vin
dicate Mr. Eisenhower's eco
nomic theories. And the old
Democratic cries that he was
doing too little too late to re
vive employment have lost
their force in the face of this
spring's spectacular rise in
job-holding. The man who got
the blame for the rainfall,
Dwight D. Eisenhower, now
gets credit for the sunshine.
Reason No. 2 and this is
the theme of this piece lies
in the fact that the President
has at last asserted a tradi
ional role as a party leader.
The simple fact is this: The
Republican National Commit
tee for six years had been
absently treated by the Presi
dent as a rather crude out
fit. Now the Republican Na
tional Committee has got a
foothold in the White House.
The working Republican
politicians haveconvinced the
President that they are really
a part of his outfit, and that
he is really a part of theirs.
It is unlikely that they ever
would "have reached this
status with the President but
for their eager support of his
determination to hold the line
against so-called panic reme
dies in the job field. He had
committed himself to this
policy - to this policy so dear
to orthodox Republicanism -with
a rare vigor. And here,
at least, he began to seehat
he really needed the pros.
THE STORY of how they ob
tained real entree to the
William S.
White
Reasonable Funerals
(Priced for Everyone)
Frank m
Perl M2
credibly underpriced - Red
Chinese wares wil be showing
up again. Against them is, the
report that Red Chinese tex
tiles in the past have proven
of little durability and to be
shoddy.
Japan believes it has about
90 per cent' in the bag the
1964 Olympic Games for
Tokyo. If that be so, it is
likely to set off a building
boom second only to that
which followed the end of
the war. It will require a
doubling of Western-style
hoter rooms, new roads and
special sports facilities.
S. WHITE
White House begins with the
change in the GOP Congres
sional leadership last Janu-
It ends with the recent
appointment of Sen. Thruston
Morton of Kentucky as chair
man of the Republican Na
tional Committee.
In Congress last January
two far more partisan types
took over the party leader
ship from former Sen. Wil
liam F. Knowland of Cali
fornia and Rep. Joseph W.
Martin Jr. of Massachusetts.
Sen. Everett McKinley Dirk-
sen oi Illinois succeeded
Knowland as GOP spokesman
m the Senate. Rep. Charles
Halleck of Indiana replaced
Martin in the similar job in
the House.
These two Midwesterners
from the start were much
more aggressive than their
predecessors. Slowly they
began to put a certain touch
of old-fashioned Republican
ism over the White House it
self. -
Then Morton came along to
finish the job. One week it
was arranged that he should
sit in - not . as a Senator but
as GOP national chairman -with
the President and the
Congressional leaders in their
weekly legislative confer
ences. The next week, after
the first such meetingattend
ed by Morton, the President
ior the first time in his career
threw a "must" list of legis
lation at Congress.
MOW THE
treat this
Democrats will
at best as a
"maybe" list; in the end, the
legislative program that
evolves will certainly be more
theirs than the President's.
But the big point is this: The
GOP pros have at long last
scaled the domestic summit
and entered the White House
as welcomed guests. Their
job now Morton's job
specifically - is to stay there.
This new association will
never enable them to domi
nate the Democratic Congres
sional majority, for power is
power.
They will, however, be
entirely content, this corres
pondent knows from them, if
only the President will con
tinue to show some special in
terest in the party. For Mor
ton is going to these White
House conferences mainly to
build morale among the Re
publican rank and file in the
country. What he is saying to
the faithful is this: "Sure, the
President is interested in the
GOP; why else would he in
vite your chairman to these
meetings?"
(Copyright, 1959, by United
Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
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