MAIL TRIBUNE, Mtdford, Oregon, Monday, April 20, 1959
Congressmen in Big 4 Talks Eyed
Washington iLTtf Senate
GOP Leader Everett M. Dirk
Sten said today he would ask
the White House whether it
plans to invite congressional
foreign policy leaders to at
tend the Big Four foreign
ministers' meeting or summit
conference.
The Illinois Republican
SB id the last time the question
Congressional participation
in a Big Four meeting came
up "a number of reasons
T.ere raised against it."
Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey
(D-Minn.), has proposed that
Senate Foreign Relations
Chairman J. William Ful
bright (D-Ark.), and Sen. Al
exander Wiley (R-Wis.), be in
vited to the May 11 foreign
ministers' meeting in Geneva.
He said this would help show
U. S. unity.
But Fulbright is inclined to
think legislators should leave
such negotiating to the execu
tive branch of the govern
ment, except in unusual cir
cumstances. Dirksen said that he
Comnrugny, Switzerland -(CPD
- Mrs. Ida Pidoux has be
come the first woman to vote
in the 668-year history of the
Swiss republic. She cast her
ballot Sunday in local elec
tions at nearby Oulens-Sur-Lucens,
in the canton of Vaud.
The men of Vaud decided to
allow women to vote in muni
cipal and cantonal elections.
A few months ago Swiss males
voted down a proposal to give
women the right to vote in
national elections.
Mass Migration of Negroes To
North Changes Sectional Aspect
Editor's note: Thii ts the first
of two dispatches dealing with the
vast migration or Negroes from
the South to the cities of the North
and West in recent years and the
equally vast changes and problems
it has created,
would "raise the question"
when Republican congression
al leaders meet with Presi
dent Eisenhower and his aides
on Wednesday for their week
ly legislative conference.
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By LOUIS CASSELS
UPI Correspondent
Washington -4UPD- A mass
migration of Negroes from the
rural areas of the South to the
big cities of the North and
West is radically changing the
sectional aspect of America's
racial dilemma.
Census figures show that
the migration has been under
way on a large scale since
1940. But its far-reaching ef
fects have only recently be
gun to attract national atten
tion. The population shift has by
no means reached the point
where it may be regarded as
a potential solution of the
South's desegregation crisis.
More than 60 per cent of the
nation' 19 million Negroes
still live in nine Southern
states.
What the great hegira has
done is to transplant the race
relations problem, once dis
tinctive to the South, into
every region of the country.
Illustrations
Here are a few illustrations
of this profoundly significant
fact:
-New York City now has
more than 1,000,000 Negro
residents. That exceeds the
combined Nejgro populations
of Atlanta, Ga., Richmond,
Va., Memphis Tenn., Birm
ingham, Ala., Charlotte, N.C.,
Columbia, ' S.C., and New
Orleans, La.
-The proportion of Negroes
in Philadelphia's population
about one-fourth-is the same
as in Little Rock, Ark.
-Chicago's Negro popula
tion has tripled since 1940,
and now stands at about 750,
000. -San Francisco's Negro
population, less than 9,000 in
1940, has increased by more
than 1,00ft per cent. '
-Negroes constitute 24 per
cent of the total population of
the Washington metropolitan
area. Within the "inner city"
boundaries of the District of
Columbia, they outnumber
whites, constituting 33 per
cent of the population. In the
District's public schools, Ne
gro children outnumber white
children by a ratio of 3 to 1.
-San Diego, Calif, now has
a larger Negro population
than Greensboro, N. C. .
These examples could be
multiplied endlessly. Every
metropolitan center outside
the South has experienced a
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sharp rise m Negro popula
tion since World War II.
Exodus of Whites
This increase in non-white
population has coincided with
a general exodus of white res
idents to the suburbs. The re
sult is a fast-climbing ratio, of
colored to white residents in
most northern and western
cities.
In Los Angeles, for ex
ample, the proportion of Ne
gro residents in 1940 was 4
per cent. In Cleveland, the
percentage of Negro residents
has climbed from 10 to 22 per
cent in the same period, in
St. Louis from 13 to 26 per
cent.
How long this trend will
continue is difficult to ' pre
dict. A leading authority on
population movements, Dr.
Irene Taeuber of Princeton
University, believes . that at
least one phase of the Negro
migration is nearing an end.
Up till now, most of the
immigrants have come from
the farming areas of the
South. They were, predomin
antly, sharecroppers who had
been "tractored off' the land.
Some of them moved to. the
southern cities (whose Negro
populations also have grown
moderately since 1940) but the
vast majority, once they were
uprooted, kept going until
they were out of the South.
Source Drying Up
Dr. Taeuber points out that
the main source of immigrant
supply is now fast drying up.
There are not many Negro
sharecroppers left in the
South-no more than 150,000
families, according to the lat
est Agriculture Department
estimate.
In the future, it appears,
there either will be less Ne
gro migration to the North
and West, or the immigrants
will be of a different type-
people who have already been
exposed to an urban environ
ment
This prospect has great sig
nificance. For the mass mi
gration of the past two dec
ades, which brought hundreds
of thousands of Negroes di
rect from the cottonfields of
the - South to the crowded
slums of the nation's biggest
cities, has created very severe
problems, both for the trans
planted Negroes and for the
communities to which they
have moved.
(Next: Problems Posed)
What Is The Law?
i
This column is prepared as a public service by the
College of Law, Willamette University, Salem, to )
explain basic legal principles, not to provide legal
advice. The reader is cautioned not to apply these cases
to his own problems without an attorney's advice, for
differing facts may change the outcome.
Mixing Nuts Could
Involve A Court Case
Alan and Bob owned adja
cent lots in the city. There
were walnut trees on both
lots. One Saturday in autumn
Bob hired two boys to harvest
his walnuts for him. Since
Bob worked on Saturdays he
was unable to supervise the
b.oys. The boys picked up all
the nuts under one of the
trees on Alan's lot and placed
them in the basement along
with the walnuts from Bob's
trees.
Demanded Half
It was impossible to deter
mine which nuts came from
the tree on Alan's lot. Alan
demanded half of the nuts in
Bob's basement but his de
mand was refused. Alan then
brought action against; Bob
for all of the nuts. The court
held that Alan was entitled
to all of the nuts in Bob's
basement except for the ones
that Bob could prove came
from his trees.
When the property of two
or more persons are mixed in
such a manner that it is im
possible to determine the
ownership of the individual
units, the court is faced with
the difficult tack of dividing
the mixture in an equitable
way.
The solution has been to
make the one responsible for
the mixing (even though he
may be honest and in good
faith (prove that part of the
mixture belongs to him. The
other party has the advantage
of a presumption that all of
the mixed property is his and
this presumption controls the
outcome of the litigation un
less the one responsible for
the mixing can prove other
wise. Should Forfeit Rights
Some courts have held that
the responsible party should
automatically forfeit x any
rights he had in the mixture
if he mixed the property in
bad faith. Under this rule, all
of the walnuts would be giv
en to Alan if Bob would have
maliciously told the boys to
pick the walnuts around
Alan's tree. However, the
present trend is to leave mat
ters of punishment up to the
criminal laws and to let the
guilty party keep the number
of items which he can prove
originally belonged to him.
The fact that the mixing
was done intentionally would
have the effect of making it
more difficult for the respon
sible person to convince the
court or jury that a part of
the mixture belonged to him,
A new machine developed
in Australia estimates in a
few seconds the amount of
clean wool contained in
fleece.
Quotes From the News
By UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
Washington-Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro, upon
being asked when elections would be held in Cuba:
"Don't worry about elections. The person most worried
about thii is myself. I am not interested in being in power
one minute more than necessary."
Deer Lodge, Mont.-Floyd E. Powell, warden of Montana
prison, announcing a crackdown'on prisoners following a 35
hour convict mutiny in which three men were killed:
"Things are going to be real light around here with very
little movement for the prisoners."
Washington-Sen. J. William Fulbright (D.-Ark.) on a Big
Four summit conference:
"Probably we will work out some settlement of the im
mediate crisis in Berlin, but that's only a passing phase."
Lamar, Mo.-Sen. Stuart' Symington (D.-Mo.) at ceremo
nies dedicating the birthplace of former President Harry S.
Truman as a state monument:
"Because he is so typically an American, Harry Truman
has been able to symbolize the meaning of America ie all
the world."
Independence, Mo.-Harry Truman, sending off a train of
seven covered wagons drawn by Missouri mules and horses,
which rolled out of Independence on a 2,000-mile westward
trek:
"Westward hoi God bless you! Lei her go!"
S2I
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DATE-APRIL 16-. J, -J- V) :
Tf DOUBLE VIRUS fjtt ' yy-- II
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MEETING IN WASHINGTON at luncheon given by
Christian A. Herter (right), acting secretary, of state,
Cuba's Prime'Minister Fidel Castro listens to small talk.
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