n Ainnieirteo
MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Oregon, Sundoy, March 1, 1959 5
ssyes
Decisions Topic
Stresses Crisis
In Countries
(Edilor'i note: Thu is ih
fifth in a leriei of topics for
discussion under th Great
Decisions program. Today's
topic is on a better neigh
bor policy for Latin Amtr-
Along with President Eisen
hower's visit to Mexico, two
other recent events relating
to Latin America -the over
throw of the Batista dictator
ship in Cuba and the January
visit of President Arturo
Frondizi of Argentina to the
United States - highlight two
long-standing problems of our
neighbors to the South.
One is the economic crisis
afflicting most of Latin Amer
ica. The other is the unstable
politics of the area, despite
the fact that the number of
Latin American dictators is
dwindling.
Both these problems have
been given greater attention
in Washington in the past
half year than has been true
at any time since the pre-war
days when the United States
adopted its "good neighbor"
policy.
policy uucmmu
Both issues also pose for
t TTIi 1 r..... t Ik.
mc uixiicu oldies aumc ux uic
same policy dilemmas Wash
ington faces in other under
developed areas of the world,
where economic disorder and
political instability are rife.
- Mutual security is not per
haps as pressing a problem in
Latin America as it is in the
Middle East, . for example.
The inter-American military
commitments of the Rio pact
of 1947 are taken for granted
by all 21 American republici
Latin Americans generally,
however, have become in
creasingly concerned since
the war about Washington's
attitudes on trade and aid,
and alleged U.S. support for
dictatorships. Arms aid from
this country, they point out,
went to Batista in Cuba up to
the very end of the successful
revolution by Fidel Castro.
Mo Marshall Plan
It has likewise appeared to
most Latin Americans that
the United States has been
far more concerned with Eu
rope and the Far East since
the war than with its closest
neighbors. They complain
that no Marshall Plan was
ever offered for the economic
development of the Americas.
However, the often stormy
receDtion Vice President Kicn-
ard Nixon met on his trip to
South America last year set
ff several official efforts to
review and improve United
States-Latin American ties.
Milton S. Eisenhower, in a
Jan. 3 report on his fact-find
ins triD to South America
last July, recommends that
the United States herealter
adopt only the most formal
relations with dictatorships.
Following the September,
1958, meeting of the inter
American economic confer
ence, the United States also
announced its intention of sig
" nificantly stepping up eco
nomic aid to Latin American
countries.
Forestall Bankruptcy
In December the United
States, the International Mon-
A Convenient
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"A" Provides .
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cVfc o
r no
33
of aur diemicA
dtmery, von (ftd
sudsuil tipcrt
etary Fund and private banks
joined forces in loans totaling
$329,000,000 to Argentina to
help forestall national bank
ruptcy. In recent months ne
ogtiations have also gone for
ward to establish an inter
American development bank.
In ADril members of the
inter-American economic con
ference will reconvene in
Washington to study a com
mon Latin American market
and to discuss what can be
done about commodities-like
coffee-that are in surplus in
world markets.
The new U.S. aid program
for Argentina-the largest
granted to any Latin Ameri
can country-is but a proto
type of the kind of assistance
needed... throughout Latin
America, most experts feel.
Not Wholly Typical
The Argentine economic
plight is not wholly typical of
the trade and development
problems faced by the other
Latin American countries. Ar
gentina is plagued, however,
by the heritage of the 12-year
dictatorship of Juan Peron.
Although it has one of the
highest living standards of
any Latin American state,
Argentina has also been sad
dled with an onerous foreign
exchange .deficit and rampant
inflation.'
As President Frondizi ex
plained during his visit to the
United States his government
hopes to meet such problems
through assistance from the
United States but not through
U.S. government "hand outs."
Mainly he hopes this assist
ance will come from private
U.S. investment in Argentina.
To facilitate this, he pledged
on his trip a favorable politi
cal and economic climate for
such investment. In part as a
result of. the new financial
loan, his government has, m
addition, adopted a program
of austerity and simultaneous
economic diversification.
I ' ..i-- 1 17
I fuffoo4
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0
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UNITED ST A T
25
tt our i(tdustnl
iMChtMry d
textile tiports
78
of their upper
exports
66
of their coffee
tiports
LATIN AMERICA
Argentina made significant
industrial progress under pe
ron at the price of dictator
ship and even economic isola
tion. It has nevertheless had
to meet a $300,000,000 for
eign exchange bill yearly for
oil imports alone. Now, as
part of the Frondizi's govern
ment's development scheme,
Argentina has asked foreign
petroleum companies to help
the country become self-sufficient
in oil within three
years.
Frondizi has also pledged
that Buenos Aires will pro
mote a common market in
southern South America, with
the hope that it may eventual
ly be extended to include all
the Latin American repub
lics. A similar common, trade
zone to effect lower trade bar
riers was formed by the Cen
tral American states Jan. 8.
In Venezuela, another
country now embarked on a
new democratic regime with
the inauguration of President
Romulo Betancourt on Feb.
13, an unbalanced economy
has arisen with the extensive
development of its petroleum
resources. The new govern
ment, as in Argentina, also
favors greater diversity of in
dustry and a common Latin
American market as well.
Barriers Lowered
Many economists have long
felt that Latin American
economies must be diversi
fied and hemisphere trade
barriers must be .lowered if
the basic economic problems
of the region are to be over
come. At present internal trade
among Latin American na
tion is of minor importance
to most of the separate, na
tional economies of the re
gion. But foreign trade out
side Latin America is of the
utmost importance. Nearly 50
per cent of Latin America's
imports come from the Unit
ed States, and about 45 per
For your peace of
mind ...
Phone SP 3-7338 er writ or in
quire at
MEMORY GARDENS MEMORIAL
PARK
1395 Arnold Lane
Complete information will be pro
vided without cost or obligation.
USEE
E S
40
of their pe
troleum exports
50
of their raw
wool exports
cent of all their exports come
to this country.
This trade is in one or two
commodities from each coun
try for the most part. Thus
Brazilian coffee, Venezuelan
oil and Bolivian tin represent
from about 60 per cent to 95
per cent of all the exports of
these countries. Such , econo
mies, over-dependent on one
or two commodities, are in
turn subject to the price fluc
tuations of the world market
where coffee, tin and the like
are often in over supply.
In most cases Latin Ameri
can economic problems are
tied both to trade and to the
United States, with which the
area's trade is greatest. For
this reason Latin American
experts , are encouraged by
the recent shift in U.S. policy.
It now appears that inter
American consultations will
take account of the need to
diversify industries in Latin
America, promote trade with
in the region and attempt to
stabilize prices of commodi
ties on which it is so depend
ent. New Political Directions
Democratic leaders in Latin
America welcomed particu
larly Milton S. Eisenhower's
recommendation that the
United States make- a clear
distinction between dictators
and democratic regimes. The
President's brother favors
recognition of such regimes
only in order to keep lines of
communications open to the
people under dictatorial rule.
Such a' shift in policy may
be easier to make in Latin
America than in other under
developed areas of the world
since the hemisphere's secu
rity agreements appear so sol
idly based. In tne JViiaaie
East, for example, military
and economic aid for dicta
torial or even feudal regimes
may be necessary in the anti-
Communist struggle, some ex
perts insist.
Few observers believe the
Communist movement poses
serious immediate danger in
Latin America, although the
Soviet bloc's trade offensive
has met with unexpected suc
cess in recent years. By the
end of 1958 it is estimated
that Soviet bloc trade with
Latin America was five times
what it was in 1953, though
admittedly starting from low
levels.
Illegal Activities
Communist activities are il
legal in most Latin American
countries. They have posed
problems for the govern
ments of Chile, Venezuela
and Argentina, where the
Communist party is legal, and
where Communists have dom
inated sections of the labor
movement. Only in Guate
mala have the Communists
temporarily achieved politi
cal power. Elsewhere Com
munist influence, at times on
the increase immediately aft
er the war, has waned in re
cent years.
What concerns the student
of Latin American politics;
most are the very great prob- j
lems democratic regimes
must grapple with in thej
years ahead. Latin America
shows the fastest population
growth of any area in the(
world. Social problems of
growing urbanization havel
greatly intensified since thej
war. Without a better eco-i
nomic and social base, demo-i
cratic government may be
difficult to sustain in many
Latin-American countries.
0
New Kinds
Rated Top
Corvallis-New kinds of in
dustries for Oregon, plus ex
pansion of present type in
dustries, are rated as top
needs for the state by Great
Decisions discussion groups
voting recently on "What
Frontiers in Oregon's Fu
ture?" Discussion groups in 20
Oregon counties cast indi
vidual opinion ballots in an
attempt to list "most impor
tant needs calling for public
or private action." Voting fol
lowed group study of Ore
gon's historical growth and
potential for future economic
growth.
Ballots from adults and
high school students, meeting
in discussion groups or vot
ing through newspaper bal
lots, were tabulated last week
by Oregon State college ex
tension service.
New Industries
Development of new kinds
of industries rated first among
15 alternatives such as for
eign trade, tourism, city plan
ning, and development of
atomic power; Second -rated
alternative was expansion of
traditional industries based on
Oregon farm and forest prod
ucts. Forest conservation and
further development of irriga
tion and hydroelectric power
were ranked third and fourth,
respectively. With water pow-
er giving Oregon the cheap
est electricity in the nation,
many planning experts see ex
pansion of light industry as
the answer to job-needs for
In the Day's News
By FRANK
In Moscow Britain's prime
minister, Mr. Macmillan, in
forms Russia's prime minister,
Mr. Khrushchev (in blunt
terms, the dispatches report)
that "unilateral Russian ac
tion in Berlin can only lead to
a dangerous situation."
Whereupon
Mr. Macmillan takes off
ALONE oh a tourist circuit of
Kiev and Leningrad.. Mr.
Khrushchev, who was to have
accompanied him, STAYED
HOME. A spokesman explains
that it wasn't a peeve with
Macmillan that kept Mr. K at
home.
It was a BAD TOOTH, the
spokesman says.
W
HAT'S wrong with his
tooth?
Let's hope he broke it bit
ing off more than he will be
a Die 10 cnew. i
SPEAKING seriously -The
situation in Berlin
is tense because the free enter
prise Germans in West Berlin
are happier and more prosper
ous than the communist-ruled
Germans in East Berlin and
all of East Germany. So the
East Germans tend to pour in
to happier West Berlin.
That's a bitter pill for the
communists to swallow.
I
N WASHINGTON the sen
ate gets a bill proposing
special federal aid to commun
ities that are hard hit by com
petition from FOREIGN IM
PORTS. That suggests a question:
,Why are these communities
hard hit by foreign competi
tion? THE ANSWER:
We're beginning to
price ourselves out of the mar
ket. So -
To fix that -
We're proposing to LEVY
MORE TAXES to SPUR
HOME INFLATION to MAKE
PRICES HIGHER STILL and
thus price ourselves out of
MORE markets.
DOES that make sense?
It doesn't seem to.
It sounds too much like -trying
to lift ourselves by our
own boot straps.
NO CONFIDENCE
Yamaguchi, Japan - (DPD -Mayor
Akiho Nagai ordered
dissolved yesterday the city
assembly which passed a vote
of non-confidence against him.
Nagai is being held in jail on
charges of swindling the city
of S278.000.
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300,000 units per c.c.
10 c.c. vial 39
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Free Veterinary Booklet
S&H 5REEN STAMPS
CENTRAL REXALL DRUG
Main and Central
of Industry in State
by Decisions Group
the state's growing popula
tion.
Water conservation rated
fifth priority and sixth place
went to improvement of pub
lic educational facilities. Next
in order of "needs" were
more foreign trade and con
servation of Oregon's natural
beauty.
Other Alternatives
Other alternatives ranking
lower in priority were ex
pansion of domestic com
merce and trade, promotion
of tourism, development of
atomic power, and improve
ment of highway and trans
port facilities.
Problems or needs that
ranked lowest on the ballots
were revision of county and
state tax base to finance ex
panded public works and de
velopment projects; better
city planning and develop
ment; and, in last place, limi
tations on further expansion
of Oregon industry.
The discussion ballot also
gave the voter a choice of 11
steps that might contribute
to desirable economic growth
for Oregon.
Expanding Industries
Top vote went to further
study by state agencies and
institutions on possibilities for
expanding Oregon forest,
farm, and manufacturing in
dustries. Second preference
was for joint study and plan
ning with other Northwest
states on water and power
development for the region.
U.S. Army engineers esti
mate that the Northwest will
reach the limit of its poten
tial for -hydroelectric power
JENKINS
Nobody has ever yet
able to make that work.
been
ORE on this modern
world:
Researchers at Detroit uni
versity are going to try to
solve the mystery of gravity,
They have a grant from the
Army Transportation Corps
that will enable them to fi
nance the study.
Dr. Donald J. Kennedy, who
will direct the project, says:
Everybody knows gravity is
a force exerted by large mass
es, but nobody knows much
more than that about it. Sci
entists are divided on the idea
that gravity might turn out to
be the result of some type of
radiation not yet detected."
TTMMMMMmmmmm.
Let's hope they don't
find a way to TURN OFF the
force of gravity. In that event,
we'd be floating around in the
air even more aimlessly than
the politicians who are trying
to find a way to turn off the
law of supply and demand.
CASH
DURING OUR ANNUAL
STORE-WIDE PRE-SPRING
20 to 50 OFF!
STEREO CAMERAS
REG. SALE
Kodak Stereo
Kit 99.50 75.00
TDC Colorist ... 84.50 59.50
TDC Stereo
Kit 198.00 115.00
Graphic Stereo
Kit 64.50 45.50
Stereo Realist
F3.5 129.50 91.50
STEREO VIEWERS
TDC Viewer .... 17.50 12.25
O
TERMS!
Trade-ins
Accepted!
O
Open 365 Days a
613 EAST MAIN
in less than 20 years, posing
a possible alternative in atom
ic power. Opinion ballots
showed preference for such
atomic power development by
private industry or joint
state-federal resources rather
than by the federal govern
ment alone.
High priority was also giv
en to promotion of Oregon
products in other U.S. and
foreign markets. Voters favor
ed promotion by private inter
est over such promotion by
state agencies.
Lowering Tariffs
Continued lowering of U.S.
tariffs, on a reciprocal basis
with other nations, to encour
age Oregon import - export
trade was ranked fifth. Near
ly $360 million in exports
were shipped from Oregon
pons in iao7. uregons im
ports that year were only one
fifth her exports.
Sixth place among "needed
steps" was elimination of any
unnecessary restrictions of in
terstate commerce.
Keyed to the Oregon Cen
tennial for its introductory
sessions, the 1959 Great Deci
sions program will continue
through March with discus
sions and balloting on for
eign policy issues.
See, Hear
Senator
John F.
auest speaker
mm
EBV
ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL DINNER
Friday, March 6, 6:00 p.m., McLoughlin Junior High
Adm. $5.00 Tickets and information at Hudson's Pharmacy SP 3-5345
- IN ON THESE
Just on week left to get the photo
graphic supplies you want at these
terrific prices! Drop in today and
look over our new and used cameras,
tc. You'll be glad you did!
Kodak Viewer 13.75 9.65
Stereo Viewer
Set 24.50 17.50
Stereo Graphic
Viewer 9.95 6.95
Arcadia Viewer 5.95 3.25
Realist Viewer 19.75 15.75
TDC Project or
View Stereo ....149.50 119.25
Airequipt Stereo
Theater 29.50 21.00
Stereo Realist
Mounting Kit 8.50 6.50
Stereo Realist Wide
Angle Lens 119.50 89.50
Vi Price Table
Books, Albums, ' Camera Cases, Slide Files,
Viewers, Dark Room Supplies, Stereophonic
Tapes, Ansco Camera Kits, Picture Wallets,
Filters, Flash Equipment. New selections
added every doy while sale lasts. No re
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Year! 8:30 a.m. to 10
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MARCH 4-5-6-7
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TREMENDOUS BUYS
Here are only a few of the bargains
you'll find all this week at Hudson's:
35 mm LENS AND ACCESSORIES
REG.
Argus C3 Wide Angle $ 49.50
Argus C3 Telephoto .
Braun Wide Angle
135mm Steinheiz f4.5 for Exakta
Kaligar 135mm
400mm f5.6 Meyer for Exackta
135mm Angenieux f3.5 for Exackta
Tanack 135 mm f 3.5
Tanack 35mm f3.5
Many Other
Fine Buys!
O
See us for
all your
Photographic
Needs!
p.m. Daily; Sundays
SALE
$ 31.00
31.00
29.95
49.50
55.00
150.00
69.50
50.00
42.00
.
49.50
19.50
69.50
79.50
199.50
89.50
79.50
69.50
CAMERA KITS
REG. SALE
Kodak Duaflex IV ......39.25 28.50
includes camera, flash unit,
case, bulbs, batteries, film,
instructions.
Ansco Color Clipper ....25.95 19.95
includes film, camera, flash,
batteries, gadget bag.
10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
PHONE SP 3-5345