6 MAIL TRIBUNE, M.dford, Oreeen, Sunday, February 8, 1959 "
Cy Woiir pk ff Gireoft PeeDSooims
American taxpayers will
spend 60 cents of every budg
et dollar ($45,805,000,000) for
military security and civil and
defense mobilization in the fis
cal year 1960, if Congress ac
cepts the President's budget
proposals of Jan. 19. In con
trast 3 cents of each budget
dollar ($2,129,000,000) will go
for the conduct of foreign
affairs, including all economic
or, nonmilitary aid abroad.
The Administration budget
would reduce U.S. military
manpower and weapons pro-curement-although
increased
funds are slated for missiles
development-and would cut
back on military aid to allies
abroad. While holding foreign
economic aid to what some
critics call "starvation levels,"
the proposed budget would
Announcement Concerning
Plywood Working Shares
$1,500.00 Each
of
Universal Plywood, Inc.
t. O. Box 192, Roseburg, Oregon
OR
808 S. E. LANE AVENUE, Roseburg, Oregon
Telephone: OR 2-3381 or OR 3-4426
At Hie below mentioned meeting Universal Plywood, Inc. will
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is negotiating for the purchase of the Roseburg, Oregon plywood
plant and related assets of Umpqua Plywood . Corporation. Prior
to this announcement subscriptions have been limited to employ
ees of Umpqua Plywood Corporation. Full information will be
made available at the meeting, including terms of employment
and the conditions precedent to the company's expenditure of
the subscription funds. Officers of the company will be present
at the meeting to answer any and all questions.
MEETING
TIME. 2.00 P.M. on Sunday, February 8, 1959
PLACE: At thm plant of Umpqua Plywood Corporation,
3 miles south of Roseburg on old Highway 99
- All Interested Persons Are Invited To Attend This Meeting
slightly increase spending for
foreign economic assistance.
These proposals, some critics
fear, may fall short of the
nation's needs in the continu
ing cold war, and may impair
the capacity of the Western
alliance system to keep the
peace.
Attempt To Check Reds
For years the West has at
tempted to check the further
spread of communism through
world-wide mutual defense al
liances, spearheaded by U.S.
military power and backed by
U.S. military and economic
aid to its allies.
But debate has been brew
ing for some time in Congress
on first, the adequacy of U.S.
military defense, and second,
on the proper balance between
foreign military and foreign
economic aid. The Adminis
tration's budget recommenda
tions crystallize this debate
along three lines.
First, critics ask whether
the outlays planned for the
various military services are
adequate, especially in view
of the doubts many of them
have about our missiles ca
pacity in relation to that of
the Soviet Union.
Second, while the Adminis
tration has met much former
criticism of mutual security
policies by reducing military
assistance abroad (at-least out
side the European area), for
eign affairs experts are con
cerned whether the economic
aid proposals in -any' way
match up to U.S. responsibili
ties in the underdeveloped
world. '
Significant Shift
Third, some critics see in
the new budget a significant
shift in U.S. cold war strategy.
In the future more emphasis
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will be placed on missiles and
U.S. capacity for "massive re
taliation"; less emphasis will
be placed on the military
build up of U.S. allies, and
on U.S. capacity to fight
"limited wars" with conven
tional weapons.
Administration leaders have
expressed concern on these
same points.
Defense Secretary Neil H.
McElroy assured Congress
that he and the Joint Chiefs
of Staff consider the new
budget "adequate to provide
for the essential programs
necessary for defense of the
nation for the period under
consideration." On Jan. 29 he
said that U.S. policy was to
rely on "diversified capabili
ties" rather than attempt to
out-pace the Soviet Union's
missiles program.
Secretary of the Army Wil
bur M. Brucker, acknowledg
ing that 18 "limited wars!'
have broken out since 1945,
offered this counsel to Con
gress: "While all of us rec
ognize the primacy of nuclear
retaliation as the major de
terrent to general war, we
must not, in our zeal to pro
vide for this capability, ne
glect to meet the force ' re
quirements for limited war."
May Increase Aid
Capitol Hill reporters feel
quite certain that, before the
new fiscal year begins, the
present Democratic-controlled
Congress will probably in
crease the budget for defense
and for foreign economic, aid.
In whatever form the U.S.
budget is finally passed, ob
servers agree, Congress will
have to make up its mind on
the question: What does the
Western alliance need, in pow
er and effectiveness, if it is
to keep the peace?
That all is not well with
the Western alliance system,
few observers deny. At its
heart is NATO-an association
of predominantly democratic
states. Within this pact freely
expressed differences are
bound to arise from time to
time.
Concerned About Weapons
The NATO partners have
been concerned for several
years about what atomic
weapons the West Europeans
nations should have and what
role the new German military
machine should play in the
alliance.
Even before he became the
new French President, Gen.
Charles de Gaulle called for
a greater leadership role for
France in NATO. Paris has
also long insisted that France
join the "atomic club," by
producing its own nuclear
weapons. The United States
and Britain have so far re
sisted both of France's ambi
tions.
In North Africa, French
NATO t r o op s have been
pinned down in prolonged
strife in Algeria. Three NATO
members-Turkey, Greece and
Britain-are at odds over the
future of Cyprus. NATO has
been unable significantly to
influence the outcome of
either of these problems.
Prominent Parts
Beyond NATO the Western
alliance system extends to the
Baghdad Pact and to the alli
ance of the South East Asian
states (SEATO) in both of
which the United States and
Britain take prominent parts.
The United States also main
tains mutual defense alliances
with individual countries like
Japan, the Philippines, Ko
rea and Taiwan.
Problems have arisen in
these alliances also. Many
critics of the Taiwan-United
States alliance feel sure that
this country was close to war
last year as a result of back
ing the Chinese Nationalist
government in the dispute
with Communist China over
the offsire islands in the Tai
wan Strait. Observers agree
the Baghdad Pact has been
seriously weakened by the
Iraqi revolution last summer
and the virtual withdrawal of
its only Arab member.
If the anti-Communist alli
ance faces trouble on military
and political grounds, the
Western powers are also hav
ing economic and political
difficulties with the so-called
"third world," observers
agree.
Economic Growth
The nations of Africa, Asia
and Latin America (many of
them newly independent
since World War II) are on
the march to economic
growth and development. Yet
Western economic assistance
to date has made little impact
on living standards; economic
and social problems in these
parts of -the world are acute;
and political instability
throughout these lands offers
tempting targets for Commu
nist penetration.
Spokesmen for both U.S.
political parties have warned
that one of the most import
ant battles of the cold war is
now being waged in the
underdeveloped world. Both
the Soviet Union fand Com
munist China ' are 'now com
peting with the West in aid
and trade in this area.
The great fear is that pres
sures now operating in the
underdeveloped world may
ultimately lose these billion
or more peoples to commu
nism. Economic difficulties,
compounded by a population
explosion and frustrated by
lack of capital and skills, may
turn "these nations to the
painful but quick Communist
route to industrialization
and economic growth.
Require Investment
Alliances and modern wea
pons, no matter how power
ful, will not deal with the
heart of this challenge, ex
perts agree. Preventing the
expansion of communism in
the underdeveloped world
will also require an invest
ment in economic growth and
development. The current
budget debate will have to
find an effective balance be
tween the military and the
economic.
-While most foreign affairs
exports agree on the para
mound need to keep .the free
world strong, a growing
number feel that the policy of
containing communism, as
first hammered out in the
U.S. aid program to Greece
and Turkey, may,-no longer
be adequate to cope with the.
revolutionary world of today.
As the Western alliance
system developed, the United
States joined in mutual de
fense arrangements with 42
countries. At the same time
both the Communists and the
Western powers have gained
the capacity to destroy each
other. The Communist world
also greatly expanded its
power and resources through
the 1950 victory of commu
nism in mainland China.
Concurrently, the world's
population elsewhere is grow
ing at a rate alarming to all
demographers. Freedom from
foreign colonial rule for over
20 nations, achieved after
World War II, has been fol
lowed by the growth of. na
tionalism throughout the non
Western world.
Edmond ("according to
Hoyle") Hoyle, who wrote the
first book on card games back
in 1742, lived to 97.
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