MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Oregon, Sunday, Jarxrrry 25, 195 5
05
iregm's
sctmsse:
Oregon's First 100 Years Saw
Striking Growth in Most Fields
Pioneers . . . empire build
ers . . . steady growth of a
developing economy. This is
Oregon at the Century mark.
What of the next 100 years?
And what can Oregonians do
now to assure continued prog
ress toward better living?
Resources for growth and
directions such growth might
take are scheduled for study
during the introductory week
of Oregon's 1959 "Great Deci
sions" program starting to
day. Study materials were pre
pared by Oregon State col
lege and other state organiza
tions and agencies in cooper
ation with the Foreign Policy
association.
Oregon's first 100 years
showed striking growth in
population, industry, agricul
ture, business and job oppor
tunities. The state's popula
tion has grown at least 14 per
cent every 10 years. In the
last decade it grew 20 per
cent. If this trend continues,
will employment keep pace?
Some job opportunities are
decreasing now.
Oregon's greatest industry
today is the growing, harvest
ing and processing of timber.
But lumbering has about
reached the limits of its ex
pansion in job opportunities
unless research and technol
ogy uncover new ways to use
and process this natural re
source.
Fewer Jobs on Farms
Something similar is hap-
. pening in Oregon s second
largest industry - agriculture.
Farm jobs are dwindling sim
ply because farming is becom
ing more efficient ana more
productive each year. Small
and medium sized farms are
giving way to the large,
mechanized commercial farm.
Thus farming is providing
fewer instead of more jobs
for the state's growing popu
lation. What about fishing? This
Industry has problems too.
The salmon catch dropped for
several yeaifs and only now
are the runs being partly re
built with the help of conser
vation methods. Tuna catches
vary from year to year but
certainly do not promise an
expanding fishing industry
for the future. Shellfish, bot
tomfish and other fish native
to Oregon waters are plenti
ful but consumer demand is
slow to increase.
Industry Holds Hop
Where will Oregon's grow
ing population turn for fu
ture jobs? Industry, perhaps?
Water power gives Oregon
the cheapest electricity in the
nation. This should help at
tract new industry. But U.S.
Army Engineers estimate
that the Northwest will reach
the limit of its potential for
hydro-electric power in less
than 20 years. What then?
If Oregon is to grow and to
provide good jobs, good pay
and rising living standards
for its people, then Oregoni
ans will have to deal with
some of these important prob
lems in the near future,
Some of the state's basic
industries are limited in the
amount they can expand.
Modern technology may find
new ways to use forests and
fish products. But even limit
ed expansion of these indus
tries will require research,
experimentation, new invest
ment and profitable markets
for the new products.
Oregon farmers have prov
ed, there is no problem in in
creasing farm production.
The problem is finding mar
kets that will pay reasonable
prices for increased produc
tion. Cheap Power for Industry .
As long as cheap power is
available, Oregon industry
and manufacturing can ex
pand and create new jobs.
Again, research and invest
ment would be necessary and
perhaps some promotion to
attract new investors.
On the other hand, many
Oregonians are opposed to
any large-scale industrializa
tion that might destroy the
state's natural beauty and pol
lute its air and streams, thus
Glenn Klein To
Be Acting Head
Of Decisions
Glenn Klein, county 4-H
agent, will be acting chair
man of the Great Decisions
. , . 1959 program this week
during the absence of Chair
man Wally Iverson, it was
announced yesterday. Iver
son is spending the week at
Sun Valley.
Klein reminded Jackson
county residents who wish to
take part in the 10-week for
eign policy discussion pro
gram that this is the final
week for organizing the in
formal home discussion
groups. '
In observance of Oregon's
Centennial, the program, in
this state this year will begin
with the topic "Building To
day's Oregon," followed by
Oregon's Challenge in a
Changing World." j
Remaining Topics
The remaining eight topics
will deal with United States
foreign policy. Fact sheets
which serve -as a discussion
basis are available at the pub
lic library.
Fourteen groups had regis
tered with Iverson last week.
Approximately 200 individu
als took part in Great Decis
ions in the county last year.
A weekly television pro
gram is scheduled for 10 p.m.
Wednesdays under supervis
ion of Southern Oregon col
lege faculty members. Ttadio
Station KWIN also will carry
a weekly program.
Persons interested in more
information on Great Decis
ions may call Klein at SPring
3-6211 or write him at post
office box 1069.
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taking away some of the
area's value as a tourist at
traction. The cost of an extensive
economic development pro
gram is another factor to be
considered.
In planning future action
for the state, Oregonians
must consider their desires
for the future.
First, do Oregonians want
to encourage rapid population
growth? Do they want to ex
pand industry and manufac
turing. Do they want to pre
serve the state's rugged beau
ty? Then, what are they will
ing to do about it?
Opporluniiies for Growth
A list of the state's possi
milities for growth might in
due the following:
Production from both for
ests and farms can be in
creased; new industries can
be based on either local or
imported raw materials; trade
and service industries can
grow as the population grows;
the tourist business can be en
couraged; and Oregon can
reach out to the rest of the
world for expanding com
merce and trade.
Let's look at each of these
prospects in turn.
Good management and
sound conservation policies is
the first challenge in present
commercial forest land, ex
perts believe. Research ef
forts to find new uses for
lumber and lumber waste
could mean more of this ma
terial can be used profitably
in manufacturing wood prod
ucts
Increased agricultural pro
duction is useless unless the
market for these products
also expands. Oregon State
college and Stanford Re
search Institute studies sug
gest that food processing is
one answer. Now the entire
Pacific coast ships in much
of its meat. But Oregon has
plenty of acreage that could
be devoted to animal feed
and livestock. The packing
and processing of meat for
distribution to West Coast
markets could be expanded.
Canning and freezing of
fruits and vegetables is an
other Oregon industry that
could be increased.
Processing imported mate
rials such as cocoanut oil and
coffee, for American markets
are other possibilities. Port
land already imports more
coffee than ,any other coast
port.
Alaska Opens New Markets
Alaska statehood may have
direct benefits for Oregon. As
the 49th state attracts new
immigrants and investment it
may become an important
and growing market for Ore-
eon products.
Possibilities for expanding
such industries as electrical
machinery and equipment,
electronics, and other light
industries appear promising
For one thing the state is lo
cated near . large centers of
the aircraft industry, which
buys these kinds of products.
Also, most of these items are
relatively small in bulk and
light in weight so transporta
tion costs would not be pro
hibitive. Although the tourist busi
ness is seasonal with many
uncertainties for those who
depend on it, it can be ex
panded by planning, invest
ment, conservation and pro
motion. If Oregon continues to
build along any of these lines
it appears that commerce and
trade will have to expand
also.
Transportation Big Business
Already, Oregon has grow
ing transportation facilities.
Portland's neV International
Air terminal ranks among
the nation's top 10 in total
traffic. Five major railroads
and 12 short lines link all
areas of the state. A new $2
million rail terminal to be
completed this year in Port
land will be the largest on
the coast.
Over $1 million- of freight
a year is handled by 100
truck lines in the state.
Twelve Oregon ports are
served by 65 steamship lines.
The Oregon Centennial and
International Trade Fair this
year (first of its kind on the
West coast) will emphasize
Oregon's opportunities in
world trade.
Nearly $360 million in ex
ports were shipped from Ore
gon ports in 1957. (Not all of
this was Oregon products:
some originated in other
parts of the country, but in
volved Oregon shipping fa
cilities and labor). Oregon's
imports that year were only
one-fifth her exports.
Progress Through Legislation
This comparison of im
ports with exports points up
a problem in expanding for
eign trade. Neither Oregon
Detention Is Greatest Change In Juvenile Court's Report
1 Tnnlr nn .T n timn LrKtm c-awia w . HO. 4Uf4 C ? . 1 1 4-1 1 n-n . . .
Greatest change in Jack
son county juvenile court's
annual report as the detention
picture, according to Mrs.
Kay Crowell, county juvenile
department director.
The year 1958 was the first
year the detention home has
been in operation. According
to the official statistics, jail
detention of juveniles in this
county rose from 90 in 1954
to 152 in 1957 and 45 in 1958.
Those held in the new deten
tion home near the National
Guard armory south of Med
ford numbered 209. The new
home was opened Jan. 20,
1957.
"Prior to the opening of the
detention home, many minors
really in need of detention
were not detained," Mrs.
Crowell said. "This was be
cause all officials were reluct
ant to confine juveniles in a
jail in close proximity with
adult prisoners."
Reasons for detaining the
45 minors in jail were that
no space was available in the
detention home, fugitives from
corrective facilities, minors
too difficult-to handle in the
family-type facilities as oper
ated in the detention home.
Average Period '
Average detention period
per child for the 209 children
kept in the detention home
during 1958 was 15 days. This
is slightly above the recom
mended time set by the Na
tional Probation and Parole
association, Mrs. Crowell not
ed. However, inadequate staff
ing of the juvenile depart
ment is responsible, she add
ed. Mrs. Crowell said she rig
idly controlled the numbers
and types of cases admitted
despite predictions that once
available the facility would
be full all the time.
The detention home oper
ated at maximum capacity of
12 for 89 days during 1958,
Mrs. Crowell reported. Only
two days were noted when the
detention home occupancy
was as low as two children
nor the United States can
continue to expand its export
business unless it is willing
to let foreign buyers earn dol
lars in American markets.
Tariffs, import quotas, export
licenses, etc., are all regulat
ed by the Federal govern
ment. This does not mean that
the people of Oregon have no
influence on these matters.
Oregonians can express their
opinions through their con
gressmen. As individuals or members
of civic and "cause" organi
zations or business lobbies,
they have continuing impact
on congress through letters,
telegrams, resolutions and tes
timony in congressional hear
ings. Opinion ballots in the
"Great Decision" series are
another way to express opin
ions. Interstate commerce, on the
other hand, is regulated by
the state. Many regulations
are necessary for the protec
tion of health and property.
Some regulations may be un
necessary and tend to hamper
instead of encourage growth
of interstate trade. Citizens
could well examine these reg
ulations. Only by the people's efforts
can Oregon hope to expand
commerce and trade and con
tinue its overall growth dur
ing the next 100-years.
and no time when some mi- 78; theft, 57; beyond parental
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nor wasn't lodged there
Ten children classified as
"non-delinquents" were de
tained there during the year.
Two other children were de
tained temporarily to protect
them from an emotionally dis
turbed parent. The other eight
were detained until Jackson
county welfare commission
could provide shelter care for
them.
Seven-Day Week
The detention home oper
ates on. a seven-day service
basis and the welfare depart
ment on a five-day week ba
sis, Mrs. Crowell pointed out.
Shelter care for older chil
dren is not always possible to
obtain on week ends and hol
idays. Few incidents occurred in
the detention home during its
first year, the juvenile depart
ment director stated. One
runaway was reported, one
screen in detention quarters
cut deliberately, and one pane
of glass broken accidentally.
No clogging of plumbing oc
curred, no assault or injury
to staff, only one injury to a
child through an accident, and
only two illness requiring iso
lation and special medical
care occurred.
The balanced meals served
averaged a cost of approxi
mately 30 cents per' meal,
Mrs. Crowell noted.
Summing up her statistical
report, Mrs. Crowell noted
three main factors prominent
in the overall picture. This is
the first full year of operation
for the detention home, first
full year of a regular juvenile
court day each week and addi
tion to the juvenile depart
ment staff of one counselor
assigned full time to super
vise boys on probation.
Department Members
Two members of the de
partment have been in the de
partment since before 1958,
Mrs. Crowell remarked. As
director, Mrs. Crowell com
pleted SVt years in 1958 and
the boys' counselor, assigned
full time to pre-court investi
gation and court presentation,
completed IVi years.
The girls' counselor posi
tion was vacated and replaced
in September and the boys'
supervising counselor joined
the staff in August. Turnover
in personnel slows down the
processing of cases and de
creases general departmental
efficiency because of the need
of training, the director point
ed out.
During the last five years
the number of juvenile cases
referred to the department
has more than doubled with
the total for 1958 slightly
higher than those of 1957. In
1954 there were 382 cases and
in, 1958, 796 cases referred.
The number of cases referred
increased from 382 in 1954 to
683 in 1956 probably because
of the large number of re
ports required by the armed
forces for recruitment pur
poses, the director explained.
Below National Level
Of the five years of 1954
through 1958 this county has
remained a little below the
national and state level in the
number of children involved
in delinquency. County ratio
is approximately 3.5 boys to
one girl involved in. delinquency.
The highest rate of delin
quency in this county oc
curred with boys at 16 years
of age and girls at 14 years,
the director stated, sixteen-year-old
boys were involved
in 77 delinquent acts and 14-year-old
girls in 25. Three de
linquency cases involved chil
dren of 10-11 years old and
five of 18 years and older.
Offenses most commonly
repeated in Jackson county,
according to official statistics
in 1958, were running away,
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control, 48; burglary, 34; ma
licious mischief, 21; auto
theft, 14; injury to person, 6;
and sex offense, 3. Malicious
mischief shows an increase of
from eignt cases in 1957 to
21 in 1958. Burglary shows a
slight drop of 25 to 14 cases.
All other cases show a slight
increase or remain the same.
Car Theft Drop
"Car theft has dropped this
year and it is notable that the
preponderance of cars stolen
in this county is from car lots
where keys are left in the cars
and privately owned cars with
keys left in the lock," Mrs.
Crowell said. "Incidents of
crosswiring, common in other
areas, are unusual in Jackson
county. There seems to be no
need for ingenuity on the part
of the offender, because the
community is careless of its
property."
Medford had the highest
number of cases referred to
the court, 3S2 compared to
397 in 1957. Ashland had 90
referrals in 1958 and 75 in
1957. Central Point cases in
19o8 numbered 55 and 62 in
1957.
Since Jackson county is a
border county it received a
large number of children from
other areas, 76 in 1958 com
pared to 83 in 1957.
Runaways from five states
were held here in 1958, Mrs.
Crowell noted. They included
Arizona, 1; California, 24;
Montana, 1; New York, 1;
Washington, 15. This also in
cluded four minors from for
eign countries, three from
British Columbia and one
from Baja California, Mexico.
Referrals to the juvenile
court come mainly from law
enforcement agencies with
Medford police referring the
most, 212. State police re
ferred 97, sheriffs office, 71
and Ashland police, 27.
In 1958, only 47 minors
were referred more than one
time, and in 1957, 103 mi
nors were referred more than
once, Mrs. Crowell said.
The court still has an un
desirably large number of re
ferrals on both the official
and unofficial level. "These
are disposed of on the basis of
dismissed at intaKe and held
open without further action,"
Mrs. Crowell pointed out.
"From these cases will come
many of next year's refer
rals." Since the majority of all
these classifications are boys'
cases, they indicate a need for
an additional boys' counsel
or, Mrs. Crowell recommend
ed. Case Load
"The case load of the sin
gle supervising officer is too
large already for efficient
work and the additional coun
selor could take a portion of
the official supervision load.
It would decrease further re
ferrals by giving counselling
and' supervision to the boys
on unofficial probation," the
juvenile director said.
One of the bright spots in
the over-all picture is that ad
equate court time has re
sulted in felony offenses re
ceiving the juvenile judge's
attention "instead of being
handled by juvenile staff.
Adequate staff for super
vision of minors is showing a
slight decrease in repeated
referrals, Mrs. Crowell point
ed out. Out of 18 commit
ments of boys and girls to
state institutions, four of the
13 boys committee were re
committed for parole failure.;
Year of Supervision
"A full year of supervision
would decrease commitments
to state institutions for de
linquent children and a low
ering of the detention period,"
Mrs. Crowell pointed out.
"Barring unforeseen eventj
and if an adequate profession
al staff is granted the depart
ment, the present detention
facility should be adequate
for the community for the
five years initially planned,"
Mrs. Crowell said.
"Development of additional
shelter homes for detention
for non-delinquent children
and development of foster
homes of various types to
care for adolescent minors,
delinquent and dependent, are
still needs of the community,'.
Mrs. Crowell concluded in her
report.
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