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6A MAIL TRIBUNE, Midfr4, Oregon, Monday, Dee.mber 1, ItSt
tri ; I ?r Us Sate flfs f ; j -o
Allies Must Stand in Close IHSarmony
Dn IBerDon Situation. Truman Cflaims
VISITS ALMA MATER Stricken with bulbar polio in
1952 and unable to live longer than 55 seconds outside
' her iron lung, Stanford University. alumnus Ruth Lewis
of San Leandro, Calif., visits her alma mater on a tour
arranged by several of her friends. Miss Lewis, 33, who
graduated in 1945, is pictured here as she was wheeled
through Memorial Court at Stanford by Phillip Pendleton
(left) and William Hughes. A portable generator provided
power for the lung during the visit
What Is The Law?
This column is prepared as a public service by Ihe
College of Law, Willamette University, Salem, to
explain basic legal principles, not to' provide legal
advice. The reader is cautioned not to apply these cases
to his own problems without an attorney's advice, for
differing facts may change the outcome.
, fL Right of Way Allows Pass
age Over Another's Property
An owner can acquire the
right to cross another's land
under certain circumstances.
For example, Bob bought
from Allan three acres situ
ated along a small river two
miles from the nearest high
way. To get to his land, Bob
had to travel across a field
that a farmer, Carl, owned.
Bob bulit a cabin on his land
and continued to drive his car
and truck across the field for
ten years without securing
Carl's permission.
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One spring, Carl decided to
cultivate the field so he asked
the court to prevent Bob from
crossing the field. The court
denied the request, holding
that Bob had acquired a right
of way by prescription al
though he had used the road
for ten years without permis
sion. , ,
A right of way can be ac
quired by prescription when
a person uses another's land
for certain purposes for an
extended period. In Oregon
the period' is ten years. After
that period has expired the
owner can not stop the tres
passer. By Implication
Another means of securing
a right of way is by impli
cation. For 4 example, if Bob
had purchased the land from
the farmer, Carl, he would
have acquired a right of way
by implication. A court would
presume that Carl would not
intend to- sell a landlocked
and useless tract of land to
Bob when he has land which
would serve as an access to
the property. The courts as
sume that the seller gives ac
cess to the land by implication.-
A , final means, known as
express provision can also be
used to acquire a right of way.
If Carl, for example, had ex
pressly given Bob the right to
cross his . land for an indef
inite period, then there would
be little doubt as to Bob's
rights. Most right of ways are
acquired in this manner by
public utilities and govern
mental bodies.
SKUNKED BOUNTY
San Rafael, Calif. -(DPD-Mar-in
county, overpopulated this
year with pesky varmints, of
fered a $1 bounty for tails of
skunks and, raccoons. Some 38
tails later, county agricultural
commissioner Thomas W. Per
yam wasn't sure it., had , all
been worth it. Twice claim
ants walked into . his office
with skunk tauV and both
times he was unable to use the
office for the rest of the day.
(Continued From Page 1)
We cannot abandon West
Berlin under Communist pres
sure no matter what the risks.
For if we do, we might as well
abandon all of Free Europe.
There is no minimizing the sit
uation created by return of the
Kremlin to the hard, ruthless
and bullying methods of Stal
in. In this situation the Unit
ed States, Great Britain and
France must stand together in
closest harmony. I know from
past experience that if we
stand up resolutely to the Rus
sians when they are bent on
mischief, they will babk
down. We must meet each sit
uation the - Communists pro
voke, even if we have to use
force to meet force. We once
kept the lines open to Berlin
by air, in face of tremendous
narasnips. ot course, we
could do it again, even if the
odds are greater now. There
are other ways and avenues of
supplying West Berlin, in
cluding certain Toutes over
land and water, which I con
sidered when I ordered the
airlift into Berlin.
Recommendations Asked
At that time I called on the
military chiefs for recommen
dations on how we could sup
ply West Berlin.
We were going to supply
West Berlin, whatever the
risks.
.We could not yield to Rus
sia without exposing all of
Europe to further Russian en
croachments. There were
sharp differences of opinion
among the military as to the
degrees of risk involved in
the various methods of run
ning the blockade.
There were those in the Air
Force who were hesitant be
cause of the narrowness of
the air corridor, the limited
air strips and the prodigious
amounts of tonnage that had
to be flown. Fear was also ex
pressed of possible interfer
ence from hostile planes; and
the weather was bad.
I turned to the Army. The
Army said it was prepared to
send armed convoys and arm
ored trains at once into Berlin
through the blockade. I turn
ed to the staff of the Air
Command and said: "If you
dont' think ybu can handle
this task, I will turn the job
over to the Army."
Quick Resolution ' .
Whereupon the air chiefs
came to a quick resolution
and said that they would take
full, responsibility for supply
ing West Berlin by air, start
ing that day, and calling up
all available craft and per
sonnel. The rest is history.
When Churchill and Attlee,
Stalin and I met in Potsdam,
we sought and got signed
agree bents on three major
things:
First, we wanted, through a
friendly joint occupation ' by
the United States, Great Brit
ain, France and Russia, to help
shape a new Germany, one
that would not again be a
threat to the peace of Europe.
We hoped to end the occupa
tion without punitive retribu
tion as soon as it was possible
for a new and united Ger
many to take its place among
nations, through a peace
treaty.'
Secondly, the United States,
Great Britain, France and
Russia agreed that free elec
tions, through secret ballots,
should take place in Poland,
Rumania, Hungary and Bul
garia so that these countries
might have governments of
their own choosing.
Warned Mololov
Our third, and perhaps our
most pressing concern at that
time, was to get Russia to
come into the war against
Japan and thus hasten the end
of the" war in the Pacific,
which the top military lead
ers estimated might yet cost
millions of lives..
Our anxiety about victory
and- the ending of the most
destructive war in history im
pelled us to place some credi
bility on the word of Russia
as an ally, despite growing
evidence that Russia seemed
determined to play a lone and
expansionist hand. I had al
ready warned Molotox about
Russia keeping her agree
ments. But Russia occupied an open
and important flank, and our
concern was to get the war
over with. ' "
Russia took her time about
opening up the front against
the Japanese, as she had prom
ised, waiting until the last mo
ment, when victory was cer
tain, to make only a token ges
ture. She expected. that this
last-minute appearance would
enable her to join in the occu
pation of Japan.
But by this time we had
already learned enough about
Russia in the occupation of
Berlin and Germany to know
that Russia would not cooper
ate. I therefore made certain
that only our forces would oc
cupy Tokyo and Japan and
that Russia was to be excluded
from any active participation
in the administration of Japan.
Divided Japan Seen
I am convinced that if we
had allowed Russia to take
part in the occupation of
Japan, the results would have
been a divided Japan, used
as a base for Communist in-
Accident-Free Auto
Driver Said To Be
More Self-Reliant
i v Jm 1 J"!1.',
By DELOS SMITH
UPI Science Editor
New York - (LTD Accord
ing to a "pilot" study, the
automobile driver who doesn't
have accidents
is more self-
reliant and in
d e p e n d ent
than the driv
er who does.
He is better
natured, more
1 tmHv in fnrm.
eratewith
other people,
Deioi smith and more at
tentive to them. And he's
more generous in his personal
relationships and less afraid
of criticism.
But. the driver who does
have accidents "tends to be
more stiff, cool, . aloof" than
the driver who doesn't and
he is "more inhibited with
unexpressed feelings'of inferiority."
He likes things more than
he likes people. He is more
rigid in his ways and in his
personal standards, and more
self-centered and less con
cerned with the needs and
wants of others than the ac
cidentless driver.
Utah Researchers ' . j
The "pilot" study was made
by Drs. Gerard G. ' Neuman
and William R. E. '. Newman
and James M. Howell of the
University of Utah, Salt Lake
City. They grant readily that
their findings may not 'apply
to automobile drivers as a
whole.
But ' that wasn't the idea
of their study. The idea was
to find out if psychological
science was sufficiently ad
vanced to distinguish differ-,
ent characteristics in .drivers
who had been involved in ac
cidents and drivers who had
not been.
They felt their "pilot" study
had shown that the science
was sufficiently advanced.
This could be mightily use
ful, they said in reporting
to the American Public Health
Association, since all author
ities agree that the real an
swer to the. highway safety
question lies in the drivers
of motor vehicles.
Accident Prone Sought
Their "pilot" study results
call for really large-scale psy
chological investigations of
drivers, they said. If enough
are studied by the most ad
vanced psychological and sta
tistical techniques, then you
could know in advance which
drivers were more likely to
have accidents than other
drivers.
How this knowledge could
be applied, they did not say.
That's a matter for law-makers
rather than scientists. Con
ceivably, a driver who tested
but badly might find it harder
to get a driver's license or
liability insurance for his car;
Their "pilot" study went
this way: They took 17 Salt
Lake City policemen who had
had no accidents and eight!
policemen who had had two
accidents in the past year. All
25 were put through nine psy
chological tests. The scores of
the 17 and of the eight were
then averaged and compared.
Needless to say, so many
tests took many hours to give.
The scientists thought that
with further studies it might
be possible to devise one test
which would take 30 to 40
minutes to administer, it
would be possible to give such
a test to unlimited numbers
of drivers.
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trigue, just as East Berlin and
East Germany are being used.
We now have a new crisis
in Berlin, and our government
must not give any sign of hesi
tation. I h o p e teat the Ad
ministration will take afirm
stand. I would reject any
"summit" meeting with the
Russians at this time, but I
would call a meeting of our
Allies, to be fully prepared
not only to meet but to an
ticipate the next Kremlin
moves.
In these anxious times it is
most important for the United
States, Great Britain and
France to keep close counsel
and coordination. Standing
together, we offer the only
practical deterrent to Russian
aggression. .
Increasing Signs
In a matter of months the
Soviets have fomented trouble
in thp Middle East, in the
Formosa Straits, East and
Southeast Asia, and now in
Berlin. There are increasing
signs that trouble will soon
again be brewing in the Mid
dle East, with Iran and Iraq
as probable new targets, as
well as the Far East.
The Kremlin method of har
assment is a continuous , pro
cess aimed at sapping and
wearying the patience of the
Free World. It will take pa
tience, courage and even
greater resoluteness to deal
with the Soviets. .
I would suggest that ,we
must always seek new ways
and new approaches to our
difficulties with the Commu-
111 '
mi 1iir-rir'flt't-lrT':'-i'-"r-ii -itii ii.il J
TOO HOT TO HANDLE Flames leap skyward as fire
men attempt to establish a-fireline against a major brush
fire in the Calabasas area of Los Angeles. Firemen
pictured here had to make a hasty retreat seconds after
the photo was taken when the flames proved to be too
hot to handle. The fire was controlled after blackening
4000 acres. ' ' ; .
nists and the problems of
maintaining the peace. .
I believe that plans and
ideas that .have worked , in
the past need to be reexam
ined and adjusted to changing
conditions. . ,
GIVEN SHOOTING LICENSE
London -(DPD-, Hunters in
the Soviet "virgin land" prov
ince of Kazakhstan have been
given licenses to shoot 100,-
000 antelopes this winter,
Moscow Radio said today.
"AMERICAN DOCTOR"
Harlowton, Mont. -UPD- Dr.
Edward Gans, named Ameri
man Doctor of the Year in"
1956, died Sunday at the age
of 82, ending 53 years of Con
tinuous medical practice.
Gans was also named Catho
lic Physician of the Year and
Montana Doctor of the Year
in 1956. ' , . .
START IRRIGATION
PROGRAM ,
Tokyo -iUFD- Peasants in
Communist China's Kwang
tung Province have begun
work on a vast irrigation pro
gram equivalent to the dig
ging of "20 Panama Canals,"
the Communist New China
news agency said today.'
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