8 MAIL TRIBUNE, Mtdford, Oregon, Tuesday. November 11, 19SS
Subsidizing of IParochiaD Schools:
Two Clergymen Debate Controversy
Edilor'i note: Should the government subsidize the du
inent clergymen debate this sharply controversial question i
International and the Mail Tribune. The case for governme
Rev. Virgil C. Blum, S.J.. assistant professor of political s
against subsidies is presented
Affairs.
By THE REV.
VIHGIL C. BLUM. SJ.
Assistant Professor of Political
Science. Marquette University
(Written for
United Press International)
The first Amendment guar
antees freedom of mind and
freedom of religion. These
freedoms command the states
to distribute educational bene
fits equally to all children
and students regardless of the
school attended. Enforced con
formity to the philosophical
and theological orientation of
state schools as a condition for
sharing in educational bene
fits is a serious violation of
freedom of thought ajid belief.
In a free society the indi
vidual person must be su
preme and central. His value,
digrity, and worth, his other
world destiny, nis sonship of
God, demand personal free
dom in the things of the mind
and spirit. These freedoms our
forefathers wisely guaranteed
to every individual in the
First Amendment. Enforced
conformity in the things of
the mind and spirit, they
knew, destroys the freedom
of the individual and of so
ciety.
In the distribution of its
benefits government must re
spect the constitutional rights
of the individual. It cannot,
for example, demand that the
needy aged surrender their
constitutional right to vote as
a condition for sharing in old
age assistance benefits.
Freedom of Choice
In the distribution of its
educational benefits govern
ment must recognize children
and students clothed in all
their constitutional rights.
One of these rights, says the
Supreme Court, is the right,
based on freedom of mind and
religion, to attend the school
of their choice. Children and
students can not be forced to
surrender their right as a con
dition for sharing in educa
tional benefits. Such a condi
tion is in violation of the First
and Fourteenth Amendments.
These constitutional guar
antees of freedom of mind and
religion in the choice of school
were incorporated in the GJ.
Bill. Veterans were not forced
to attend state colleges as a
condition for sharing in public
educational benefits. With
subsidy in hand, they were
free to attend the 474 Protes
tant, the 265 Catholic, the five
Jewish institutions of higher
education.
Liberal Americans in in
creasing numbers are saying
that government cannot de
mand the surrender of free
dom of mind and religion in
the choice of school as the
condition for sharing in edu
cational benefits. Such a con
dition, like a conditon on the
rght to vote, they say, violates
the Bill of Rights.
Liberals Disturbed
"It is inconceivable," .said
the U.S. Supreme Court in
denouncing imposed condi
tions, "that guarantees em
bedded in the Constitution of
the United States may thus
be manipulated out of exist
ence " Liberals are disturbed,
moreover, by the realization
that, as the Court warned, "if
the state may compel the sur
render of one constitutional
right as a condition of its
favor, it may, in like manner,
compel the surrender of all."
Freedom-conscious citizens,
further, reject the idea that
a child or student can be
forced to conform to the
philosophical and theological
orientation of public educa
tion as a condition for sharing
in government educational
benefits. It makes no differ
ence whether this orientation
is Protestant, Catholic, Jew
ish, secularist or agnostic. The
state cannot force a child or
student to conform to it. En
forced conformity violates
freedom of mind and freedom
of religion. These liberals re
ject the philosophy of the con
formitarians. In order lo protect the con
stitutional rights of noncon
formist children and students,
these citizens urge that gov-
Japanese Missionaries
Rev. & Mrs. Arthur Allen
Report on 5 Years' Work in Tokyo
TONIGHT-8.00 P.M.
They Are Returning to Japan This Month
3rd and Central
by Dr. C. Emanuel Carlson,
eminent subsidize their educa
tion directly. This can be done
by the certificate or tax credit
method. The former entails a
direct money grant to parents
or students lo help them pay
tuition at the school of their
choice. The latter entails a
partial lax credit on amounts
paid in tuition or fees at the
school of their choice. This
credit is subtracted from in
come tax.
A plan of direct subsidies
for children and students who
attend independent schools
has a distinct advantage: it
establishes only a government
student (or parent) relation
ship. It establishes no govern
ment-school relationship. This
has two important conse
quences. First, it creates no
new basis for government con
trol of independent schools.
Secondly, the confused issue
of separation of church and
state cannot properly be
raised.
The certificate or tax credit
plan does not give the aid to
independent or church-related
schools. It aids only the stu
dents, children and their par
ents.
The college-going G.I. was
subsidized, not the school he
attended. The President's
Committee on Education Be
yond High School said: "The
Committee does not believe
that this assistance to veterans
was designed to help, even in
directly, the institutions. Ac
tually, it imposed an enorm
ous burden on them ..."
Policy Not Crizied
Wilber G. Katz, Chicago
University professor of law,
declared that "Congress left
veterans free as to their choice
of school and profession." And
he noted pointedly that "not
even the most enthusiastic
'separationists critized this
policy or questioned its con
stitutionality." Veterans used
tax money to pay tuition at
New York's Baptist Bible
Seminary. -
Besides liberals, taxpayers
also are giving sober consid
eration to the certificate and
tax credit plans. They are dis
covering that the adoption of
either of these plans would,
in a short span of years, save
the taxpayer many hundreds
of millions of dollars yearly
for the education of American
youth.
Salmon Fishermen
Mystified by
Cobweb-like Mass
Eureka-TCPD-Samples of a
mysterious filmy cobweb-like
substance that came floating
out of the sky to envelope a
fishing boat were forwarded
Monday to the University of
California at Berkeley for
identification.
George Korkan and Jack
Curry, both of Trinidad, re
ported they were salmon fish
ing in the Pacific near here
Saturday when the mass of
diphanous material floated
from the sky.
"Our boat suddenly looked
like it was million years old,"
Korkan said. "The stuff cover
ed everything, including our
selves. It even hung from our
fishing lines."
Civil Aeronautics Adminis
tration Dispatcher Norman
Beat, at the McKinleyville
Airport, reported seeing the
same substance three or four
days ago when it settled in
cobweb-like masses on the an
tenna tower.
Samples were taken to zo
ology technicians at Humboldt
State college, but could not
be identified. Dr. Erwin Biel
fuse, assistant professor of bi
ological science, examined
the material by microscope,
but could make no identifica
tion. At first he thought it
might be a mold, but later
said this was not the case.
"The fact that it settles in
mass," Bielfuse said, "rules
out it being an animal
growth."
Apostolic Faith
Church
Medford
cation of children who attend parochial schools? Two prom
n the following signed dispatches, written for United Press
nt subsidies is presented by a Roman Catholic scholar, the
cience at Marquette university,
xecutive director of the Baptist
By THE REV. C. EMANUEL
CARLSON, D.D.
Executive Director, Baptist
Joint Committee on Public
Affairs
(Written for United Press
International
An educational crisis exists
throughout the world these
days. New nations are emerg
ing, old nations are seeking
renewal, strong nations are
seeking to be stronger, and ed
ucation is involved for all of
them.
If America is to develop the
strength which represents our
heritage we must take care to
conserve the fundamental val
ues and insights which have
been distinctively ours. In
this end I propose a nation
wide aggressive re-study of
the values which our Federal
and State Constiutions are de
signed to guard. Many of these
values are closely related to
our educational system.
Democratic control of gen
eral education is one of these
values. Dictators have made
the schools a major target for
their control. General educa
tion, democratically control
led by elected leaders, and
carried forward by compe
tent and professional educators
gives strength to democracy.
The public schools must not
be permitted to become tools
in the hands of special inter
ests. Institutional interests,
' whether economic, political,
religious or racial, ought not
to control the general educa
tion of the nation.
Public FunOs
The Federal and the State
governments provide public
funds for public education.
This is in no sense a welfare
dole. On the contrary, public
schools are part of the public
facilities in a community, in
the same way that roads,
parks or libraries are. They
exist for the community in de
fense of the civic and person
al competence of all people. It
would be small help to our na
tion if churches, labor organ
izations, chambers of com
merce, political parties and
fraternal organizations were
to be encouraged to recruit
the children for their own
special schools.
Freedom of the conscience
is another value guarded by
our American tradition and
constitutions. Religious par
ticipation must be voluntary
Conformity is not religion.
The use of coercive political
powers to enforce prayers,
church attendance and creeds
would outrage the American
public. Our reactions should
be' the same if the tax collect
or were to go after funds for
religious education. Obvious
ly, all instruction which is
formulated for the attainment
of religious objectives must
be classified as religious ed
ucation. Care has been taken not to
impose on the conscience of
the child or the parents in
the public schools. We must
also be careful not to coerce
taxpayers into a relgious par
ticipation. Money represents
their time and energy.
Free of Political Control
Freedom ot the churches
must also be understood and
protected. They must be free
of political control and of ec
onomic dependence. Relying
on the commitment and the
stewardship of their own
people, the churches must
have their own sources of in
come if they are to proclaim
freely their highest ideals and
prophetic insights. Depend
ence on public funds exposes
them to control by political
authorities and to jeopardy by
the shifting movements of pol
itics. Most countries which
have ignored this principle
are now known for low church
attendance, anti-clericalism
and even communism.
If public funds were avail
able for sectaian education
they would, of course, be
equally available to all the
groups. Many groups would
feel that in self-defense they
must open schools. Commu
nities that are now served
by one good public school
could soon find themselves
with a dozen church schools,
which are high in cost but
low in quality. Buildings,
teachers, equipment, transpor
tation would all be ineffect
ively used.
Such deterioration of gen
eral education in America just
at the time when the Russians
have startled the world with
the technical power of a gov
ernment monopolized educa
tional system would drastic
ally influence the whole fu
ture of freedom. Our govern
ment would have no choice
left but to impose strict con
trols on all schools. The pub
lic might demand the end of
special interest efforts at gen
eral education.
In an enduring competitive
situation those groups which
Milwaukee, Wis. The case
Joint Committee on Public
find cooperation most difficult
would be the hardest hit. In
In some states the Baptists
could be predominant. In sev
eral cities the Roman Cath
olics could predominate. In
some areas Protestant align
ments would produce coopera
tive schools. In such sreas
struggling minorities would
be forced to compromise or to
'travel great distances to ac
ceptable schools.
This is not the way to solve
America's educational prob
lems. On the contrary, pro
pose a nation-wide re-study
of the values guarded by our
Constitutions.
America's educational needs
are great. Not only are the
Russians making tremendous
strides, bat a new age with
new needs for our people has
opened befor us. As an Amer
ican people we must attain
new education levels in all
fields. Study groups are in
order in every community all
over the nation seeking the
best answers to the conserva
tion and the spreading of the
fundamental insights of Amer
ican democracy.
In this task the churches
may well participate. Giving
an adequate spiritual under
standing is the repsonsibility
of the church and the home.
These can give more and bet
ter religious education with
out interfering with the im
provement of the general edu
cation of our people.
HORNBROOK
Queen, King
By KATHERINE CHAPMAN
Hornbrook - Carol Gettle
and Darrell Jones, both stu
dents in Principal Harley Bak
er's seventh and eighth grade
room, were crowned queen
and king of the grammar
school carnival held at the
school Friday.
This was the second annual
carnival by the Parent's club,
the proceeds from which are
used for the purchase of play
ground equipment, or other
items needed by the school.
Mrs. Bryan Willingham was
hostess on Monday, Nov. 3,
for a baby shower for her
sister, Mrs. Lloyd Raymond
(Benny White) of Hilts. Guests
were Mrs. John Griffin, Mrs.
L. C. Walsh and daughter,
Sharee, Mrs. Tom Watt Jr.,
Mrs. L. E. Jetter, Mrs. Law
rence Breceda, Mrs. Ben
Phillips, Mrs. Ardon Burns,
Mrs. Wayne Cummins, Mrs.
Frank Bear, Miss Lorraine
White, Mrs. Doris Peters, Mrs.
M. G. King of Hilts, and Mrs.
Ethel White who assisted Mrs.
Willingham.
The honored guest, Mrs.
Raymond, was unable to be
Medford Woman
Kurt in Accident
Ethel Turley Stamper, 13
Cottage st., was taken to Sa
cred Heart hospital by city
police following an accident
at the intersection of Fourth
and Holly sts. at 8:45 a.m.
Monday.
Ethel Stamper, operator of
one of the automobiles, was
treated for lacerations and re
leased, hospital officials re
ported. Driver of the other vehicle
was Judith Ann Lockwood
Sorenson, 2494 Robbins lane,
Central Point. No citations
were issued, police said.
4-H Club News
Stitch 'n Time
Members of the "Stitch 'n
Time" 4-H club visited the
Singer Sewing Machine center
in Medford recently.
There they learned how to
use a tape-measure and a sew
ing machine. Names of the
members were sewn on pieces
of cloth and different kinds of
material were shown the
4-H'ers. . ,
Pin cushions are the next
club project.
Joan Eslinger, '
Reporter.
LENDS DAM MONEY
Washington -fljPB- The Un
ited States agreed Monday to
lend Nationalist China $21,
500,000 from the development
loan fund to help finance the
cost of the Shihmen multi
purpose dam being built in
northwest Formosa.
STEINBECK HITS REDS
Munich, Germany -(DPD-Am-
erican novelist John Stein
beck, in a message broadcast
to the Communist satellite
nations Monday, called Rus
sian critics of author Boris
Pasternak "the pallbearers of
Soviet literature."
R
V -A I
I
TESTIFYING at murder
trial of Caril Ann Fugate,
15, in Lincoln, Neb., Charles
Star kweather, condemned
killer, refutes her story she
was terrified hostage during
January mass murder spree.
STANDING alone, Frank
M. Jordan, California's Re
publican Secretary of State,
appears to be only survivor
of Democratic landslide.
Are Named
present, because her baby, a
son, was born at Ashland Gen
eral hospital on Saturday,
Nov. 1. The baby, who weigh
ed 5 pounds, has been named
Fred William after his pater
nal grandfather.
Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Smith
of Winston, Ore., visited their
daughters, Mrs. Bryan Wil
lingham of Hornbrook . and
Mrs. Lloyd Raymond of Hilts,
the week end of Oct. 25.
Mrs. Ralph Bennett has
been in Grants Pass, where
she was called Friday, Oct. 31,
by the death of her father,
F. A. Samain.
Mrs. Minnie Bloomingcamp
received word Tuesday morn
ing of the death of her sister-in-law,
Miss Dolly Blooming
camp, of Los Angeles. Miss
Bloomingcamp, who was 84
years old, came north each
summer to visit her sister,
Miss Elsie Bloomingcamp of
Bogus, and other relatives in
this area. She returned to her
home in Los Angeles a few
weeks ago.
Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Jeter
visited in Chico, Calif., last
week end with their daughter
and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs.
Richard Campbell and son,
Ricky.
Home from Chico State col
lege for the week end was
Miss Mary Lee Rutledge,
daughter of the W. A. Rut-
ledges.
Gordon Jacobs went to
Medford Tuesday evening to
meet the plane on which Mrs..
Jacobs was returning from
her trip to Mexico.
Mrs. Frank Lowe left Wed
nesday for Klamath Falls for
a visit with her sister.
Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Fick
spent several days last week
visiting his parents, Mr. and
Mrs. Harry Chapman, before
continuing on to Canyonville,
Ore., to visit her parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Charles Rimell. Mr.
and Mrs. Fick plan to make
their home in Canyonville for
the time being.
MONEY
At Crater Finance you may
borrow for any worth
while purpose on your
FURNITURE - AUTO
SALARY
and repay in monthly In
s t a 1 1 m e n t s. You may
choose the terms most suit
able to you up to 24
months.
Loans may be paid in ad
vance or in full at any time.
Crater Finance
CORPORATION
135 Pine Street
Central Point
Phone NO 4-1273
Frank Wilkinson, Mgr.
Convenient Parking
DEPEND ON GREYHOUND
TO GET YOU THERE SAFELY
-AND
Any weather is safe-driving weather when
you're on a Greyhound. Expert drivers take the
wheel while you take it easy . . . read, rest,
chat, catch up on some paper work. Many, many .
express schedules via super highways. Best of
all, you arrive in the heart of town ... on time!
ITS SUCH A COMFORT TO TAKE THE
How is it you know you're taking no chances
when you let a youngster take your shopping list?
Isn't it for the same reason that you buy 70
of your family's food without actually seeing it?
You know that
A good brand is your best guarantee
; . . and that the name on the label is your best
buying guide. You have learned to count on good
ON TIME!
send u child
PORTLAND
8 daily departures, 5 thru-expresses.
$7.45 one way, $13.45 round trip, plus tax.
LOS ANGELES
8 daily departures, 5 thr-u-expresses.
$13.15 one way, $23.70 round trip, plus tax.
PHOENIX, ARIZ.
8 daily departures, 5 thru-expresses.
$23.60 one way, $42.50 round trip,- plus tax.
BUS... AND LEAVE THE
Winter Vacation Hint. Ask about Greyhound's pre-planned
tours to Mexico, California, Florida, the Bowl games
s and many, many others, including all major cities.
to the store?
brand names. You know the company standi
back of them. You know they protect you.
The more good brands you get to know, th
fewer buying mistakes you'll make. Get ac
quainted with those brands in this newspaper.
You'll get more value for your shopping money
if you do.
BRAND NAMES FOUNDATION
Incorporated
A Non-Profit Educational Foundation
37 West 57th St., New York 19, N. Y.
MEDFORD MAIL
DRIVING TO US!
TRIBUNE